Today in History: Nelson Mandela Elected President of South Africa

September 5 is the 248th (249th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 117.

Railways

• 5 September 1903 The government sent a letter to the railway companies to demand the dismissal of the Bulgarians for security reasons.
• September 5, 1997 Çerkezköy-Kapıkule (189 km) electrification project is completed.

Events

• 1669 – Crete is annexed by the Ottoman Empire.
• 1698 - Russian Tsar Peter I imposed a special tax liability on all men who grew a beard, except clergy and peasants, as part of his efforts to westernize his country.
• 1795 – The USA-Ottoman Convention is signed between the USA and the Ottoman Empire, which binds the USA to an annual tax.
• 1800 - Napoleon Bonaparte ceded the island of Malta to England. (whereas he had taken the island himself from the British in 1798)
• 1839 – The First Opium War between China and England begins.
• 1920 – II. The Yozgat Uprising began.
• 1922 – Turkish War of Independence: Turkish Army entered Nazilli, Alaşehir and Susurluk under Greek Occupation.
• 1930 – After Fethi Bey, the leader of the Free Republican Party, came to İzmir on September 4, some people demonstrated and demolished the Republican People's Party building and Anadolu They stoned the newspaper's administrative office.
• 1938 – Atatürk wrote his will. The will was opened on 3 November 28 by Osman Selçuk Selçuk, the 1938rd Magistrate of Ankara.
• 1945 – The National Development Party, the first party of the transition to the multi-party period in Turkey, was founded.
• 1950 – Due to the excess of applications, the university entrance exam application was started.
• 1955 – The new Courthouse was opened in Istanbul Sultanahmet.
• 1957 – Written by Jack Kerouac On the way The novel was published in the United States.
• 1960 - Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay) won a gold medal at the 1960 Rome Olympics.
• 1963 – Colonel Talat Aydemir, who attempted a military coup on 20-21 May, was sentenced to death by the Ankara No. 1 Martial Law Court.
• 1972 – Munich Massacre: Palestinian Black September Movement militants open fire on Israeli athletes arriving in Munich for the 1972 Summer Olympics; one athlete lost his life, one was seriously injured, 9 people were taken hostage.
• 1973 – Fire broke out in the State Film Archive; Atatürk's only copy films were burned.
• 1973 – The Gotthard Ground Tunnel, the world's longest road tunnel, opened.
• 1991 - Nelson Mandela was elected President of South Africa.
• 2012 – 25 soldiers died in the explosion in the military warehouse in Afyonkarahisar.
• 2021 – There was a military coup in Guinea.

Births

• 699 – Abu Hanifah, founder of the Hanafi school (d. 767)
• 1187 – VIII. Louis, King of France (d. 1226)
• 1319 – IV. Pedro, King of Aragon (d. 1387)
• 1567 – Date Masamune, Japanese politician and daimyo (d. 1636)
• 1568 – Tommaso Campanella, Italian poet, writer, and Platonist philosopher (d. 1639)
• 1621 – Juan Andrés Coloma, fourth Earl of Elda (d. 1694)
• 1638 – XIV. Louis, King of France (d. 1715)
• 1667 – Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (d. 1733)
• 1695 – Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician (d. 1770)
• 1704 – Maurice Quentin de La Tour, French Rococo portraitist (d. 1788)
• 1722 – Frederick Christian, Prince of Saxony (d. 1763)
• 1725 – Jean-Étienne Montucla, French mathematician (d. 1799)
• 1733 – Christoph Martin Wieland, German poet, translator (d. 1813)
• 1735 – Johann Christian Bach, German composer (d. 1782)
• 1750 – Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet (d. 1774)
• 1751 – François Joseph Westermann, French revolutionary and commander (d. 1794)
• 1769 – John Shortland, British naval officer (d. 1810)
• 1771 – Karl (Duke of Teschen), archduke of Austria, military reformer and theorist (d. 1847)
• 1774 – Caspar David Friedrich, German painter (d. 1840)
• 1775 – Juan Martín Díez, Spanish soldier and guerrilla leader in the Spanish War of Independence (d. 1825)
• 1791 – Giacomo Meyerbeer, German opera composer (d. 1864)
• 1817 – Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian writer (d. 1875)
• 1847 Jesse James, American outlaw (d. 1882)
• 1876 ​​– Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, German Generalfeldmarschall (d. 1956)
• 1881 Otto Bauer, Austrian politician (d. 1938)
• 1901 – Mario Scelba, Italian politician (d. 1991)
• 1902 – Darryl F. Zanuck, Academy Award-winning American filmmaker (d. 1979)
• 1905 – Arthur Koestler, Hungarian-English writer (d. 1983)
• 1912 – John Cage, American composer, philosopher, author, and printmaker (d. 1992)
• 1914
  • Stuart Freeborn, British make-up artist (d. 2013)
  • Nicanor Parra, Mathematician and poet (d. 2018)
• 1915 – Emel Korutürk, Turkish painter and wife of Fahri Korutürk, 6th President of the Republic of Turkey (d. 2013)
• 1920 – Fons Rademakers, Dutch screenwriter and filmmaker (d. 2007)
• 1921 – Nazife Güran, Turkish composer (d. 1993)
• 1929
  • Bob Newhart, American variety artist and actor
  • Andriyan Nikolayev, Soviet cosmonaut of Chuvash descent (d. 2004)
• 1930 – Nedret Güvenç, Turkish theater artist and film actor (d. 2021)
• 1933 – Bernt Andersson, Swedish football player and manager (d. 2020)
• 1937
  • Antonio Valentín Angelillo, Italian football player and manager (d. 2018)
  • William Devane, American stage, film and television actor
• 1939 George Lazenby, Australian actor and former model
• 1940 Raquel Welch, American actress
• 1942 – Werner Herzog, German film director
• 1946
  • Freddie Mercury, British Indian musician and lead singer of Queen (d. 1991)
  • Loudon Wainwright III, American songwriter, folk singer, humorist, and actor
• 1947 – Bruce Yardley, Australian professional cricketer and coach (d. 2019)
• 1948
  • İsmail Arca, Turkish football player
  • Benita Ferrero-Waldner, Austrian politician, former minister
• 1949 – Sami Ezzib, Swiss-Palestinian lawyer
• 1951
  • Paul Breitner, German former football player
  • Michael Keaton, American actor
• 1955 – Cristóbal González-Aller Jurado, Spanish diplomat
• 1956 – Samet Aybaba, Turkish football player and coach
• 1963
  • Juan Alderete, Mexican-American musician
  • Taki Inoue, Former Japanese racer
• 1964
  • Frank Farina, former Australian football player and manager
  • Sergei Loznitsa, Ukrainian film director
• 1965 – David Brabham, Australian Formula 1, Le Mans and Tour racer
• 1966 – Milinko Pantić, former Yugoslav national football player
• 1967
  • Salih Kenan Şahin, Turkish politician and medical doctor
  • Matthias Sammer, Former football player and manager
• 1968 – Brad Wilk, American musician
• 1969
  • Leonardo Araújo, Brazilian former international football player and manager
  • Dweezil Zappa, American rock guitarist
• 1970 – Lütfiye Selva Çam, Turkish politician
• 1971 – Will Hunt, American musician, composer, and drummer for the rock band Evanescence
• 1973
  • Kaan Tangöze, Turkish musician and soloist of Duman music group
  • Nedim Akbulut, Turkish football player and manager
  • Rose Arianna McGowan, American actress
• 1975 – George Boateng, Dutch football player
• 1976 – Carice van Houten, Dutch theater and film actress
• 1977
  • Joseba Etxeberria, Spanish international football player
  • Nazr Mohammed, American basketball player
• 1979 – John Carew, Gambian-born Norwegian former football player
• 1980
  • Franco Costanzo, Argentine national football player
  • Marianna Madia is an Italian politician.
• 1981 – Esin Mr. Kayser, Turkish newscaster, presenter and musician
• 1982 – Alexandre Geijo, Spanish football player
• 1983
  • Pablo Granoche, Uruguayan football player
  • Fatih Takmaklı, Turkish writer and businessman
• 1988
  • Felipe Caicedo, Ecuadorian football player
  • Nuri Şahin, Turkish football player
• 1989
  • Elena Delle Donne, American professional basketball player
  • José Ángel Valdés, Spanish football player
• 1990
  • Lance Stephenson, American professional basketball player
  • Kim Yu-Na, South Korean figure skater
  • Franco Zuculini, Argentine national football player
• 1991
  • Skandar Keynes, British actor
  • Zeki Puppy, Turkish football player
• 1984
  • Erin Krakow, American actress
  • Annabelle Wallis, British Actress
• 1991 – Zeki Puppy, Turkish football player
• 1994 – Alfonso González, Mexican football player
• 1995 - Caroline Sunshine, American dancer, actress, and singer

Deaths

• 1165 – Nijō, 78th emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 1143)
• 1548 – Catherine Parr, Queen of England (b. 1512)
• 1857 – Auguste Comte, French mathematician (b. 1798)
• 1876 ​​– Manuel Blanco Encalada, Chilean politician and first President of Chile (b. 1790)
• 1877 – Crazy Horse, Chief of the Lakota Indians (b. 1849)
• 1883 – Gaspare Fossati, Italian architect (b. 1809)
• 1901 – Ignacij Klemenčič, Slovenian physicist (b. 1853)
• 1906 – Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist (b. 1844)
• 1914 – Charles Péguy, French poet (b. 1873)
• 1917 – Marian Smoluchowski, Polish physicist (b. 1872)
• 1926 – Karl Harrer, German journalist and politician (b. 1890)
• 1937 – David Hendricks Bergey, American bacteriologist (b. 1860)
• 1948 – Zenón Díaz, Argentinean former international football player (b. 1880)
• 1953 – Richard Walther Darré, German politician and Minister of Food and Agriculture (b. 1895)
• 1956 – Mary Meigs Atwater, American weaver (b. 1878)
• 1964 – Olympe Démarez, French lawyer (b. 1878)
• 1970 – Walter Schreiber, German SS officer (b. 1893)
• 1991 – Fahrelnissa Zeid, Turkish painter (b. 1901)
• 1993 – Claude Renoir, French cinematographer (nephew of director Jean Renoir and grandson of painter Pierre Auguste Renoir) (b. 1914)
• 1993 – Samim Kocagöz, Turkish writer (b. 1916)
• 1997 – Georg Solti, Hungarian-born orchestra and opera conductor (b. 1912)
• 1997 – Mother Teresa, Albanian philanthropist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1910)
• 1999 – Alan Clark, British politician, MP, and political writer (b. 1928)
• 2012 – Ediz Bahtiyaroğlu, Turkish-Bosnian national football player (b. 1986)
• 2013 – Rochus Misch, soldier in Nazi Germany (b. 1917)
• 2014 – Simone Battle, American singer and actress (b. 1989)
• 2015 – Setsuko Hara, Japanese actress (b. 1920)
• 2016 – Hugh O'Brian, American actor (b. 1925)
• 2016 – Israfil Yılmaz, Turkish-Dutch militant who fought in the Syrian Civil War (b. 1987)
• 2017 – Nicolaas Bloembergen, Dutch-born American Nobel Prize-winning physicist (b. 1920)
• 2018 – François Flohic, French admiral (b. 1920)
• 2018 – Beatriz Segall, Brazilian actress (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Kiran Nagarkar, Indian novelist, critic, playwright, and screenwriter (b. 1942)
• 2019 – Jaroslav Weigel, Czech actor, playwright, comics artist and painter (b. 1931)
• 2020 – Johny Bakshi, Indian film director and producer (b. 1932)
• 2020 – Jiri Menzel, Screenwriter and film producer (b. 1938)
• 2020 – Erbil Tusalp, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1945)