Hypertension and Pregnancy: Effects on Maternal and Infant Health
Pregnancy is one of the most special times in the lives of many women. However, health problems that may be encountered during this period, especially hypertension, can seriously threaten the health of the mother and the baby. Hypertension is one of the most common health problems that occur during pregnancy and can pose life-threatening risks to both the mother and the baby if not monitored regularly.
Importance of Hypertension in Pregnancy
Hypertension can negatively affect the development of the baby by reducing blood flow to the uterus during pregnancy. As a result, complications such as premature birth, sudden infant death and oxygen deficiency can occur. For expectant mothers, serious damage can develop in important organs such as the liver, kidneys and brain. Experts state that regular check-ups and blood pressure monitoring are vital to prevent this situation.
Diagnosis and Symptoms of Hypertension
The diagnosis of hypertension during pregnancy is made by measuring blood pressure values at periodic intervals in a resting mother. 140/90mmHg It is diagnosed by being over . This condition is seen in approximately 4-5% of all pregnancies. However, although this rate is low, it should not be forgotten that pregnancy-related hypertensive diseases are in the top three causes of maternal deaths.
Complications and Risk Factors
Hypertensive diseases can lead to preeclampsia, also known as pregnancy poisoning. This condition has many complications. In particular, decreased uteroplacental flow can lead to developmental delays in the baby. At the same time, fetal hypoxia, i.e. lack of oxygen, can cause serious problems in the baby. In addition, placental abruption can result in sudden infant death.
In expectant mothers, serious health problems such as organ failure, elevated liver enzymes, kidney failure and pulmonary edema may occur. There is also the risk of visual disturbances, changes in consciousness and, as the most tragic complication, maternal death.
Who is at Risk?
Hypertensive diseases and preeclampsia risk are higher for certain groups. Women who have had hypertension in previous pregnancies, those with conditions such as obesity, diabetes, chronic hypertension and multiple pregnancies, and mothers over the age of 35 are included in this risk group. In addition, a sedentary lifestyle is also a factor that increases hypertensive diseases.
Prevention and Management Methods
Although there is no definitive way to prevent hypertension, it is possible to reduce the risk by taking some precautions. First, every pregnant woman should pay attention to her routine check-ups and have her blood pressure measured at every check-up. Especially after the first 12 weeks, low-dose aspirin use in high-risk groups can reduce the risk of preeclampsia by 60%.
It is also very important for women who are overweight before pregnancy to control their condition and to manage diabetes and blood pressure problems. Pregnant women with high blood pressure should definitely be monitored in the hospital at values of 160/110 mmHg and above. This ensures that possible complications are minimized.
Watch Out for Sudden Symptoms
Expectant mothers should pay attention to sudden symptoms such as headache, epigastric pain, swelling in the face and hands. Sudden weight gain or changes in consciousness should also be considered as danger signals and a health care provider should be consulted. In addition, in rare cases such as postpartum preeclampsia syndrome, it is critical to consult a health care provider immediately when blood pressure values are 140/90 mmHg and above during the postpartum period.
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Hypertension is an important health problem that needs to be recognized and managed during pregnancy. Regular monitoring, paying attention to symptoms and taking appropriate precautions can be life-saving for both mother and baby. Therefore, not neglecting health checks during pregnancy and following specialist physician recommendations are essential for a healthy pregnancy.
