Today in History: Soviet Leader Lenin Loses Ability to Speak After a Stroke

March 9 is the 68th day of the year (69st in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 297 days remaining until the end of the year.

Railways

9 March The protocol for the Chester 1911 Chester Project was presented to the Parliament, but it was held for a long time and did not pass.

• 1621 – Kos Celebi (Guzelce) Ali Pasha was removed from the position of grand vizier and Ohrid Huseyin Pasha was appointed instead.
• 1764 – Sultan III. Laleli Mosque, built by Mustafa, was opened to worship.
• 1788 – Barred spiral galaxy NGC 2841 is found.
• 1796 - Napoleon Bonaparte married Josephine.
• 1814 - At a time when the Napoleonic Armies were constantly defeated and withdrawn, the Congress of Vienna was convened.
• 1842 - Giuseppe Verdi's third opera Nabucco It was first staged in Milan.
• 1908 - Italian football club FC Internazionale Milano is founded.
• 1913 – Adapazarı Islamic Commercial Bank was established. (On March 31, 1937, its title was changed to Türk Ticaret Bankası A.Ş.)
• 1923 - Soviet leader Lenin lost the ability to speak after a stroke.
• 1929 – “Printing School” was opened in Istanbul.
• 1930 – Atatürk, after visiting the Antalya Museum, made investigations in Aspendos.
• 1935 - Hitler announces that he will create a new air force.
• 1943 – The 13th Government of Turkey under the Prime Ministry of Şükrü Saracoğlu resigned and the 14th Government of Turkey was established again under the Prime Ministry of Şükrü Saracoğlu.
• 1952 – Turkish fashion swept the United States of America. American fashion magazines became impassable with colors such as Istanbul Yellow, Turkish Red, Halva Beige, Fez Color. A firm launched cosmetics under the name of Harem.
• 1954 – The Journalists' Association and the Journalists' Union protested DP İzmir Deputy Halil Özyörük, who used the expression "bare-chested" for the Editors in Chief during a speech in the Parliament, with a telegram they sent to the Parliament and the DP General Presidency.
• 1954 – The law that imposes heavy penalties on those who commit crimes through broadcasting was passed by the Parliament.
• 1955 – The Soviet spies, Ivan Adamidi and Nikola Antonov, who were sentenced to death by the Military Court of Erzurum 9th Corps Command No. 2, were hanged.
• 1956 – Archbishop Makarios, leader of the Greek Cypriot Community, was exiled to the Seychelles by the British.
• 1956 – Ali Sami Yen Stadium was transferred to Galatasaray.
• 1957 – Sema Aran, the first female doctor officer of the Turkish army, started to work with the rank of lieutenant.
• 1959 – EOKA, which was established to connect Cyprus to Greece, accepted the British proposal; Georgios Grivas withdrew.
• 1967 – The construction of the escort frigate “TCG Berk (D-358)” was started at Gölcük Shipyard. The construction of Turkey's first frigate, built using its own resources, was completed in 1971.
• 1971 – 19 Justice Party members prepared a memorandum for the withdrawal of Süleyman Demirel.
• 1971 – The Office of the Chief Public Prosecutor applied to the Constitutional Court for the closure of the National Order Party (MNP).
• 1971 – An unsuccessful military coup attempt was made by the Turkish Armed Forces.
• 1978 – Nurettin Ersin was appointed to the Land Forces Command.
• 1983 – Belgrade attack: Turkey's Ambassador to Belgrade, Galip Balkar, was wounded by two attackers. The ambassador died two days later. The Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide and the ASALA organization claimed responsibility for the attack.
• 1984 – Turgut Özal said that there is no political crime in the Turkish Penal Code.
• 1992 – Turkish warplanes bombarded two PKK camps in Northern Iraq.
• 2000 – In South Korea, 37-year-old Kim Kwang-Su, who did not stay in front of the computer for hours, died of extreme fatigue and stress.
• 2003 – In the parliamentary by-elections held in Siirt, the Chairman of the ruling AK Party, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, entered the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.
• 2004 – As a result of the bomb attack on a restaurant in Istanbul, 5 people were injured.
• 2007 – In Switzerland, Armenian circles genocide Labor Party leader Doğu Perinçek, who was tried for violating a law that criminalizes denial of his claim, was sentenced to a fine. In its decision today, following the hearings that began on March 6, the Lausanne Court sentenced Perinçek to a fine of 90 Swiss Francs, with a fine of 100 Swiss Francs (approximately 115 YTL) per day, in exchange for a 9-day prison sentence, and suspended the sentence for two years.
• 2020 – Democracy and Atılım Party was founded.

• 1454 – Amerigo Vespucci, Italian merchant and cartographer (d. 1512)
• 1564 – David Fabricius, Frisian Amateur astronomer, cartographer, and Lutheran theologian (d. 1617)
• 1568 – Aloysius Gonzaga, member of the Society of Jesus and an Italian aristocrat (d. 1591)
• 1737 – Josef Mysliveček, Czech composer (d. 1781)
• 1749 – Honoré Gabriel Riqueti de Mirabeau, French politician (d. 1791)
• 1814 – Taras Grigorovich Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet and painter (d. 1861)
• 1850 – Hamo Thornycroft, British sculptor (d. 1925)
• 1856 – Edward Goodrich Acheson, American chemist (d. 1931)
• 1877 – Emil Abderhalden, Swiss biochemist and physiologist (d. 1950)
• 1881 – Ernest Bevin, English statesman (d. 1951)
• 1883 – Umberto Saba, Italian poet and novelist (d. 1957)
• 1886 – Werner Kempf, Nazi Germany's panzer general (d. 1964)
• 1890 – Vyacheslav Molotov, Russian politician (d. 1986)
• 1891 – Jose P. Laurel, He was a Filipino politician and judge (d. 1959)
• 1892 – Mátyás Rákosi, Hungarian communist leader (d. 1971)
• 1892 – Walter Miller, American silent film actor (d. 1940)
• 1895 – Albert Göring, German businessman (d. 1966)
• 1896 – Robert McAlmon, American author, poet, and publisher (d. 1956)
• 1910 – Samuel Barber, American composer (d. 1981)
• 1916 – Robert F. Bales, American social psychologist (d. 2004)
• 1918 – George Lincoln Rockwell, American far-right political activist and founder of the American Nazi Party (d. 1967)
• 1919 – Cengiz Dağcı, Tatar novelist (d. 2011)
• 1923 – Walter Kohn, American physicist, winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with John A. Pople (d. 2016)
• 1928 – Keely Smith, American Grammy award-winning female pop and jazz singer (d. 2017)
• 1929 Hugh Desmond Hoyte, Guyanese politician (d. 2002)
• 1929 – Mohammed Zillurrahman, former President of Bangladesh (d. 2013)
• 1930 – Ornette Coleman, American jazz musician (d. 2015)
• 1934 – Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 1968)
• 1934 – Joyce Van Patten, American actress
• 1940 – Raúl Juliá, Puerto Rican actor (d. 1994)
• 1942 – John Cale, Welsh musician, composer, singer and record producer
• 1943 – Bobby Fischer, American chess champion (d. 2008)
• 1945 – Dennis Rader, american serial killer
• 1945 - Robin Trower, an English rock guitarist
• 1946 – Alexandra Bastedo, English actress and activist (d. 2014)
• 1946 – Warren Skaaren, American film producer and screenwriter (d. 1990)
• 1946 – Bernd Hölzenbein, German national football player
• 1947 – Keri Hulme, New Zealand novelist, poet, and short story writer (d. 2021)
• 1948 – Emma Bonino is an Italian politician.
• 1950 – Etyen Mahçupyan, Turkish journalist and writer
• 1954 – Carlos Ghosn, Lebanese-Brazilian-French businessman
• 1954 – Bobby Sands, Northern Irish politician and member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (d. 1981)
• 1958 – Linda Fiorentino, an American actor
• 1959 – Takaaki Kajita, Japanese physicist
• 1960 – Elsa Cayat, French psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, and columnist (d. 2015)
• 1960 – Željko Obradović, Serbian basketball coach and player
• 1963 – Jean Marc Vallée, Canadian film director, screenwriter, and producer (d. 2021)
• 1964 – Juliette Binoche, French actress and winner of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
• 1964 – Valérie Lemercier, French actress, singer, film director and screenwriter
• 1968 – Youri Djorkaeff, former French international footballer
• 1974 – Yuriy Bilonoh, Ukrainian shot putter
• 1975 – Juan Sebastián Verón, Argentine football player
• 1975 – Roy Makaay, Dutch football player
• 1977 – Atılay Uluışık, Turkish theater and TV series actor
• 1978 – Lucas Neill, Australian football player
• 1979 – Oscar Isaac, Guatemalan actor and musician
• 1979 - Melina Perez, American professional wrestler
• 1980 – Matthew Gray Gubler, American actor
• 1980 – Burçin Terzioğlu, Turkish TV series and film actress
• 1983 - Clint Dempsey, Former American professional football player
• 1983 – Emre Kızılırmak, Turkish actress and model
• 1984 – Abdoulay Konko is a French football player from Fasasil.
• 1985 – Pastor Maldonado, Venezuelan Formula 1 driver
• 1987 – Bow Wow, American rapper and actor
• 1989 – Kim Tae-yeon, South Korean singer, dancer, and promotional model
• 1990 – Daley Blind, Dutch football player
• 1990 – YG, American rapper
• 1991 – Orhan Evci, Turkish football player
• 1991 – Said al-Muwallad, Saudi football player
• 1993 – Suga (Min Yoon-gi), South Korean rapper and member of BTS group
• 1994 – Okay Yokuslu, Turkish national football player
• 1998 – Soojin (Soe Soo-jin), South Korean singer, dancer, former member of (G)I-DLE
• 2000 – Khabane Lame, A Senegalese-Italian TikTok video celebrity

• 886 – Abu Masher al-Balkhi, Persian astronomer (b. 785)
• 1444 – Leonardo Bruni, Italian humanist, historian, statesman (b. 1370)
• 1463 – Catherine of Bologna, Italian nun, mystic, cult founder, writer, teacher, and painter (b. 1413)
• 1661 – Jules Mazarin, Italian politician (b. 1602)
• 1791 – Jean-André Venel, Swiss physician (b. 1740)
• 1821 – Nicholas Pocock, English artist (b. 1740)
• 1823 – Hans Conrad Escher von der Linth, Swiss scientist, businessman, cartographer, painter and politician (b. 1767)
• 1825 – Anna Laetitia Barbauld, English writer (b. 1743)
• 1836 – Destutt de Tracy, French philosopher and pioneer of the idea of ​​ideology (b. 1754)
• 1847 – Mary Anning, British fossil collector, fossil dealer, and paleontologist (b. 1799)
• 1851 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish physicist and chemist (b. 1777)
• 1873 – Jules Bourcier, French naturalist and hummingbird expert (b. 1797)
• 1888 – Wilhelm I, King of Prussia and first German Emperor (b. 1797)
• 1895 – Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Austrian writer (b. 1836)
• 1897 – Cemaleddin Efghani, Iranian activist and philosopher (b. 1838)
• 1925 – Willard Metcalf, American artist (b. 1858)
• 1947 – Evripidis Bakircis, Greek military officer and politician (b. 1895)
• 1952 – Alexandra Kollontai, Soviet writer (b. 1872)
• 1958 – Goro Yamada, former Japanese football player (b. 1894)
• 1964 – Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, German general (b. 1870)
• 1965 – Ömer Altuğ, Turkish composer (b. 1907)
• 1967 – Vala Nureddin, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1901)
• 1970 – Doris Doscher, American actress and model (b. 1882)
• 1981 – Max Delbrück, German biologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Medicine or Physiology (b. 1906)
• 1983 – Ulf von Euler, Swedish physiologist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
• 1988 – Kurt Georg Kiesinger, German politician (b. 1904)
• 1988 – Stefan Ryniewicz, Polish diplomat and undersecretary (b. 1903)
• 1989 – Robert Mapplethorpe, American photographer (b. 1946)
• 1992 – Menachem Begin, Israeli politician and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1913)
• 1994 – Charles Bukowski, American author and poet (b. 1920)
• 1994 – Fernando Rey, Spanish actor (b. 1917)
• 1996 – George Burns, American actor, singer, and Academy Award winner for Best Supporting Actor (b. 1896)
• 1997 – The Notorious BIG, US rapper (b. 1972)
• 2004 – Albert Mol, Dutch artist (b. 1917)
• 2007 – Brad Delp, American rock musician (b. 1951)
• 2013 – Max Jakobson, Finnish diplomat and journalist (b. 1923)
• 2015 – Florence Arthaud, French sailor and sailor (b. 1957)
• 2015 – HH ter Balkt, Dutch poet (b. 1938)
• 2015 – Jiří Matoušek, Czech mathematician (b. 1963)
• 2015 – Camille Muffat, French freestyle swimmer (b. 1989)
• 2015 – Windell D. Middlebrooks, American actress (b. 1979)
• 2015 – Frei Otto, German architect and civil engineer (b. 1925)
• 2015 – Alexis Vastine, French boxer (b. 1986)
• 2016 – Jon English, British-Australian singer, songwriter, musician and actor (b. 1949)
• 2016 – Robert Horton, American actor (b. 1924)
• 2016 – Yaşar Kaya, Turkish politician (b. 1938)
• 2017 – Anthony Delhalle, French motorcycle racer (b. 1982)
• 2017 – Howard Hodgkin, English printmaker and painter (b. 1932)
• 2018 – Chris Gedney, American collegiate and professional football player (b. 1970)
• 2018 – Oskar Gröning, a German ex-SS-Unterscharführer stationed at Auschwitz concentration camp (b. 1921)
• 2018 – Oğuz Türkmen, Turkish journalist (b. 1939)
• 2019 – Jed Allan, American actor and television host (b. 1935)
• 2019 – Alberto Bucci, Italian basketball coach and manager (b. 1948)
• 2019 – Chokoleit, Filipino actress, comedian and television host (b. 1970)
• 2019 – Bernard Dadié, Ivory Coast writer, poet, and politician (b. 1916)
• 2019 – Vladimir Etush, Russian-Soviet male film and television actor (b. 1922)
• 2019 – Jadwiga Janus, Polish sculptor (b. 1931)
• 2020 – John Bathersby, Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church of Australia (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Anton Coppola, American conductor, writer, director and composer (b. 1917)
• 2020 – Italo De Zan, Italian racing cyclist (b. 1925)
• 2020 – José Jiménez Lozano, Spanish writer and journalist (b. 1930)
• 2020 – Lee Cha-su, South Korean politician and activist (b. 1957)
• 2020 – Şevket Kazan, Turkish lawyer, politician and former Minister of Justice (b. 1933)
• 2020 – Mohammad Reza Rahchameni, Iranian physician, scientist, and reformist politician (b. 1952)
• 2021 – Agustín Alberto Balbuena, Argentine football player (b. 1945)
• 2021 – Steven Spurrier, English wine critic, author and vintner (b. 1941)
• 2021 – Isela Vega, Mexican actress, songwriter, and filmmaker (b. 1939)
• 2021 – Jiří Ventruba, Czech neurosurgeon and politician (b. 1950)
• 2022 – Aijaz Ahmad, an Indian, Marxist literary theorist (b. 1941)
• 2022 – Justice Christopher, Nigerian football player (b. 1981)
• 2022 – Hilman Hariwijaya, Indonesian writer and novelist (b. 1964)
• 2022 – Murat Özer, Turkish film critic (b. 1966)
• 2023 – Robert Blake, American actor (b. 1933)
• 2023 – Hasan Gafuriferd, Iranian politician, academic and physicist (b. 1943)
• 2023 – Robin Lumley, British musician, producer, and author (b. 1948)
• 2023 – Samaraditya Pal, Indian veteran jurist and human rights activist (b. 1938)
• 2024 – Kayhan Yıldızoğlu, Turkish film and TV series actor (b. 1933)

• The liberation of Çat district of Erzurum from Russian and Armenian occupation (1918)
• Liberation of Çayeli district of Rize from Russian and Armenian occupation (1918)