The Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) plans to complete the purchase of 2025 used F/A-30C/D Hornet fighter jets from the Kuwait Air Force (KAF) in 18. The deal is in its final stages after several years of negotiations, and is currently only awaiting the necessary documentation and approvals from Kuwait and the United States. The aim of the purchase is to maintain Malaysia’s air defense capabilities while awaiting the implementation of the Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA) program, which is expected to begin around 2040.
Features of F/A-18C/D Hornet Aircraft
The F/A-18C is a single-seat model, while the F/A-18D is a two-seat model that can be configured as an all-weather strike aircraft with a Weapons and Sensors Officer operating training or targeting systems. These aircraft are twin-engine, carrier-capable, and multi-role fighters. They feature advanced radar, avionics, and expanded weapons compatibility.
Malaysia's Current F/A-18D Hornet Fleet
RMAF currently operates eight two-seat F/A-18D Hornets acquired in 1997 under the 18th Squadron at Butterworth Air Force Base. Over the years, these aircraft have undergone upgrades to avionics, communications and weapons systems, including the integration of the Joint Helmet Mounted Command System (JHMCS) and Link 16 data link.
MRCA Program Delays and Kuwaiti Hornets as Interim Solution
Initially aimed at modernising Malaysia’s air combat capabilities, the MRCA programme has faced delays, making the provisional acquisition of Kuwaiti Hornets an interim solution. This acquisition will help RMAF maintain its operational capabilities.
Status of Kuwait's F/A-18C/D Hornet Fleet
Kuwait operates 1992 F/A-1993C/D Hornets, delivered between 39 and 18 as part of the modernization of its air force after the Gulf War. The country is transitioning to newer aircraft such as the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and Eurofighter Typhoon, which has led to the decision to sell its older Hornet fleet.
Malaysia's Interest in Kuwait Hornets and Negotiations
Malaysia officially showed interest in the aircraft during Defence Minister Datuk Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin’s visit to Kuwait in October 2024. Khaled inspected the aircraft and held talks with Kuwaiti officials during the visit, which led to the establishment of a joint committee to accelerate the negotiation process. Since the aircraft are American-made, the sale remains subject to US approval.
Reasons and Benefits to Buy
One of the main reasons for Malaysia’s purchase is the need to address capability gaps in its air force while awaiting the MRCA programme. The RMAF has been facing maintenance and operational challenges, particularly with its Sukhoi Su-30MKM fleet, which has been hit by serviceability issues due to logistical constraints. Expanding the Hornet fleet is seen as a way to maintain operational capability without further delays. The relatively low flight hours and well-maintained condition of the Kuwaiti Hornets make them a viable option for expanding Malaysia’s fighter fleet, while providing an opportunity to standardise maintenance and operations.
Difficulties and Obstacles of Purchasing
The purchase has faced challenges, including the need to obtain approval from the US. Tunisia is reportedly interested in purchasing the same aircraft, creating potential competition. The US authorization process has caused delays, but Malaysian officials are awaiting a resolution. Another challenge is the logistics and maintenance burden associated with operating an aging fleet. While Malaysia’s current Hornets have been upgraded, the Kuwaiti models are from an earlier production block, which could lead to compatibility issues with spare parts and software integration. Expanding the fleet with older aircraft could also impact operational budgets and maintenance capacity.
The Royal Malaysian Air Force’s purchase of F/A-18C/D Hornet fighter jets from Kuwait is part of the country’s efforts to maintain its air defense capabilities. The purchase provides a temporary solution to maintain operational capacity during delays in the MRCA program. However, the purchase requires US approval and logistical challenges to be overcome for it to be successful.
