Today in History: Cairo Conference Held Between İnönü, Churchill and Roosevelt

December 4 is the 338th day of the year (339th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 27 days left until the end of the year.

Railways

• 1955 – The first electric train in Turkey,  İstanbulSirkeci Train Station – Halkalı He started working between the Train Station.

Events

• 1154 - Nicholas Breakspear, IV. He became Pope under the name of Hadrian and went down in history as the first Englishman to hold this office.
• 1791 – The first issue of The Observer (the world's first Sunday newspaper) is published.
• 1829 – In the face of fierce local opposition, British Governor-General Lord William Bentinck issues an ordinance declaring that anyone harboring a suttee in Bengal is guilty of murder.
• 1859 – Mekteb-i Mülkiye was established.
• 1861 – 109 Electors from various states of the Confederate States of America unanimously elected Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander H. Stephens as Vice President.
• 1865 – North Carolina ratified the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, followed shortly by Georgia, and within two weeks slaves in the United States were legally free.
• 1872 - American Brigantine Mary Celeste, drifting in the Atlantic, is discovered by Canadian Dei Gratia. The ship had been abandoned for nine days but was only slightly damaged. His master, Benjamin Briggs, and nine others known to be on board were never held responsible.
• 1875 - Boss Tweed, famous New York politician, escaped from prison; It was later recaptured while in Spain.
• 1881 - The first issue of the Los Angeles Times is published.
• 1893 – First Matabele War: A patrol of 34 British South Africa Company soldiers was ambushed and wiped out by over 3.000 Matabele warriors on the Shangani River in Matabeleland.
• 1897 – A peace treaty was signed between the Ottoman Empire and Greece.
• 1906 – Alpha Phi Alpha, the first black intercollegiate, Greek-chartered fraternity, is founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.
• 1909 – The First Gray Cup match was played in Canadian football. Varsity Blues from the University of Toronto defeated Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club by a score of 26-6.
• 1909 – The Montreal Canadiens Ice Hockey Club, the world's oldest living professional hockey club, is founded as a patent member of the country's national hockey association.
• 1917 – After drafting the Declaration of Independence, the Senate of Finland, chaired by PE Svinhufvud, presented to the Finnish Parliament a proposal on the form of government of the Republic of Finland and issued a declaration to the Parliament declaring the independence of Finland.
• 1918 – US President Woodrow Wilson arrives in Versailles for World War I peace talks. He was the first US President to come to Europe during his presidency.
• 1920 – Teachers who could not receive their salaries in Ankara went on strike for the first time.
• 1929 – A decree was published aiming to use domestic goods everywhere with the measures to be taken to increase the value of the Turkish currency.
• 1939 – HMS Nelson struck a mine (laid by U-31) off the coast of Scotland and was subsequently overhauled for repairs until August 1940.
• 1943 – Cairo Conference was held between İnönü, Churchill and Roosevelt.
• 1943 – World War II: US President Franklin D. Roosevelt shuts down the Works Progress Administration due to wartime overemployment in the US.
• 1945 – The Tan Incident took place. At the anti-communist demonstration in Istanbul, ABC ve Clear bookstores, Tan newspaper, Opinions with the magazine loquats ve La Turquie Kemaliste newspapers were destroyed and looted. after the event Tan newspaper ceased publication.
• 1945 - The US Senate voted to join the UN by a vote of 65 to 7. (UN was established on 24 October 1945).
• 1956 – Million Dollar Quartet (Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins and Johnny Cash) came together for the first and last time at Sun Studio.
• 1961 – Birth control pills were made freely available in the United Kingdom.
• 1964 – Free Speech Movement: Police arrest more than 800 students at the University of California, Berkeley, after they stage a sit-in at the administration building to protest the UC Regents' decision to ban protests on UC property.
• 1965 – Gemini 7 was launched with crew members Frank Borman and Jim Lovell. The spacecraft in question was the passive target for the first manned space rendezvous by the Gemini 6A crew.
• 1967 – Vietnam War: US and South Vietnamese forces clash with Viet Cong troops in the Mekong Delta.
• 1979 – In Adana, some students of the Building Vocational High School opened fire on the soldiers patrolling the windows of the school and threw dynamite.
• 1980 – Famous rock band Led Zeppelin announced that they were disbanding.
• 1981 - US President Ronald Reagan expands the agency's powers by allowing the CIA's espionage activities in the country.
• 1981 – Sadi Irmak, Chairman of the Advisory Council; “The soldiers are longing to return to the barracks,” he said.
• 2000 – Production stopped at Yatağan Thermal Power Plant. Since the power plant was operated without a filter, it was poisoning the people of Yatağan.
• 2002 – The UN Security Council decided to extend Iraq's "oil for food" program for six months.

Births

• 34 – Aulus Persius Flaccus, Etruscan Roman poet and satirist (d. 62)
• 1555 – Heinrich Meibom, German historian and poet (d. 1625)
• 1714 – Israel Acrelius, Swedish Lutheran missionary and priest (d. 1800)
• 1795 – Thomas Carlyle, Scottish essayist and satirist, historian and educator (d. 1881)
• 1798 Jules Armand Dufaure, French politician (d. 1881)
• 1800 – Emil Aarestrup, Danish poet (d. 1856)
• 1817 – Nikoloz Baratashvili, Georgian poet (d. 1845)
• 1835 – Samuel Butler, English writer (d. 1902)
• 1840 – Crazy Horse, Oglala Sioux Indian chief (d. 1877)
• 1865 – Edith Cavell, English nurse canonized by the Anglican Church (d. 1915)
• 1875 Rainer Maria Rilke, German poet (d. 1926)
• 1881 – Erwin von Witzleben, marshal of Nazi Germany (d. 1944)
• 1890 – Fuad Köprülü, Turkish historian and Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1966)
• 1892 – Francisco Franco, Spanish general, fascist dictator of Spain (d. 1975)
• 1908 Alfred Hershey, American biologist (d. 1997)
• 1910 – Alex North, American composer (known for soundtracks) (d. 1991)
• 1913 – Claude Renoir, French cinematographer (grandson of painter Pierre Auguste Renoir) (d. 1993)
• 1913 – Mark Robson, Canadian-born director, producer, and editor (d. 1978)
• 1919 – Inder Kumar Gujral, 12th Prime Minister of the Republic of India (d. 2012)
• 1920 – Nadir Afonso, Portuguese architect and painter (d. 2013)
• 1920 – Abdullah Yüce, Turkish music artist (d. 1995)
• 1921 – Carlos Franqui, Cuban writer, poet, journalist, revolutionary and politician (d. 2010)
• 1921 – Deanna Durbin, Canadian actress (d. 2013)
• 1923 – Demmus Hentze, Faroese politician and financier (d. 2016)
• 1925 – Albert Bandura, Canadian psychologist (d. 2021)
• 1927 – Aptullah Kuran, Turkish academic, author and founder of Boğaziçi University (d. 2002)
• 1929 – Necati Zincirkıran, Turkish journalist and writer
• 1929 – Şakir Eczacıbaşı, Turkish businessman and photographer (d. 2010)
• 1930 – Ronnie Corbett, Scottish actor and comedian (d. 2016)
• 1931 – Ken Bates, British businessman and football investor
• 1932 – François Deguelt, French singer (d. 2014)
• 1932 – Roh Tae-wu, South Korean politician (d. 2021)
• 1936 – Jean-Bernard Mérimée, French diplomat
• 1937 – Donnelly Rhodes, Canadian actor (d. 2018)
• 1939 – Stephen W. Bosworth, American academic and diplomat (d. 2016)
• 1943 Karina, Spanish singer
• 1944 – Yelena Volçetskaya, retired Belarusian artistic gymnast
• 1949 – Jeff Bridges, American actor and winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor
• 1951 – Patricia Wettig, Emmy and Golden Globe Award-winning American actress and playwright
• 1953 – Jean-Marie Pfaff, Belgian football player
• 1955 – Philip Hammond, British politician
• 1957 – Eric Raymond, spokesperson and attorney for the Open Source Initiative
• 1962 – Alexander Litvinenko, Russian spy (d. 2006)
• 1964 – Marisa Tomei, American film and stage actress
• 1964 – Sertab Erener, Turkish singer, songwriter and composer
• 1964 – Sevil Shhaideh, Romanian politician
• 1965 – Ulf Kirsten, German former football player and manager
• 1966 – Fred Armisen, American actor, comedian, writer, producer and musician
• 1967 – Guillermo Amor, Spanish national football player and coach
• 1969 – Jay-Z, American actor and singer
• 1972 – Yūko Miyamura, Japanese actress, sound director, and singer
• 1972 - Nikki Tyler, American porn star
• 1973 – Tyra Banks, American model
• 1973 – Kate Rusby, English musician
• 1977 – Çağlar Çorumlu, Turkish cinema, theater and TV series actor
• 1977 – Ertan Saban, Macedonian actor of Turkish origin
• 1977 – Lyubov Sokolova Kılıç, Russian volleyball player
• 1979 – Jay DeMerit, American national football player
• 1980 – Eric Thompson, Canadian professional wrestler
• 1982 – Waldo Ponce, Chilean national football player
• 1982 – Nick Vujicic, Australian-American Christian evangelist and motivational speaker
• 1983 – Chinx, American rapper (d. 2015)
• 1984 – Martell Webster, American professional basketball player
• 1985 – Javi Lara, Spanish football player
• 1986 – Martell Webster, American former professional basketball player
• 1987 – Dree Hewingway, American actress
• 1990 – Lukman Haruna, Nigerian football player
• 1992 – Kim Seok-Jin, South Korean singer and songwriter
• 1996 – Diogo Jota, Portuguese national football player
• 1996 – Sebastián Vegas, Chilean football player
• 1999 – Kim Do-yeon, South Korean singer and model

Deaths

• 530 BC – II. Cyrus, Persian commander and king (b. 600 BC)
• 749 – John of Damascus, Church Father and Doctor of the Church (b. 675/76)
• 771 – Carloman I, King of the Franks (b. 751)
• 1131 – Omar Khayyam, Iranian mathematician, astronomer, poet, and philosopher (b. 1048)
• 1214 – William I, king of Scotland from 1165 to 1214 (b. 1143)
• 1334 – XXII. John was the Pope from 1316 to 1334 (b. 1249)
• 1609 – Alexander Hume, Scottish poet (b. 1560)
• 1679 – Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher (b. 1588)
• 1680 – Thomas Bartholin, Danish physician, theologian, and mathematician (b. 1616)
• 1696 – Meishō, ruler of Japan (b. 1624)
• 1795 – Thomas Carlyle, Scottish essayist and satirist, historian and educator (d. 1881)
• 1798 – Luigi Galvani, Italian physicist (b. 1737)
• 1845 – Gregor MacGregor, Scottish soldier and adventurer (b. 1786)
• 1893 – John Tyndall, English physicist (b. 1820)
• 1932 – Samih Yalnızgil, Turkish poet, linguist and politician (first president of the Turkish Language Association) (b. 1875)
• 1935 – Charles Robert Richet, French physiologist (b. 1850)
• 1945 – Thomas H. Morgan, American zoologist and geneticist (b. 1866)
• 1948 – Rakım Elkutlu, Turkish composer (b. 1869)
• 1952 – Karen Horney, American psychoanalyst (b. 1885)
• 1957 – Naciye Sultan (Killigil), granddaughter of Ottoman Sultan Sultan Abdülmecit and daughter of Şehzade Süleyman Efendi (b. 1898)
• 1958 – Ahmet Özenbaşlı, one of the leaders of the Crimean Tatar National Party movement, politician and intellectual (b. 1893)
• 1969 – Fred Hampton, American activist, Marxist-Leninist and revolutionary socialist (b. 1948)
• 1973 – Takazumi Oka, Japanese soldier (b. 1890)
• 1975 – Hannah Arendt, German philosopher (b. 1906)
• 1976 – Tommy Bolin, American rock musician and singer (b. 1951)
• 1976 – Benjamin Britten, English pianist (b. 1913)
• 1980 – Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Portuguese politician and lawyer (b. 1934)
• 1980 – Stanisława Walasiewicz, Polish athlete (b. 1911)
• 1984 – John Rock, American obstetrician and gynecologist (b. 1890)
• 1987 – Rouben Mamoulian, American film director (b. 1897)
• 1992 – Perihan Tedü, Turkish theater actor (b. 1927)
• 1993 – Frank Zappa, American musician (b. 1940)
• 2004 – Mahmut Atalay, World and Olympic champion Turkish wrestler (b. 1934)
• 2007 – Pimp C, American rapper and producer (b. 1973)
• 2009 – Eddie Fatu, American wrestler (b. 1973)
• 2011 – Sonia Pierre, human rights activist in the Dominican Republic (b. 1963)
• 2011 – Sócrates, Brazilian football player (b. 1954)
• 2015 – Robert Loggia, American actor (b. 1930)
• 2016 – Gotlib, French illustrator and animator (b. 1934)
• 2016 – Margaret Whitton, American stage, film and TV actress (b. 1949)
• 2017 – Shashi Kapoor, Indian actor and filmmaker (b. 1938)
• 2017 – Christine Keeler, former British model and fashion model (b. 1942)
• 2017 – Manuel Marín, Spanish socialist politician (b. 1949)
• 2017 – Ali Abdullah Saleh, Yemeni soldier, politician, and President of the Republic of Yemen (b. 1942)
• 2017 – Carles Santos, Spanish artist and musician (b. 1940)
• 2018 – Kadirjan Batirov, Kyrgyz businessman, politician and journalist (b. 1956)
• 2018 – Selma Engel-Wijnberg, Dutch activist and writer (b. 1922)
• 2018 – Nikoloz Rurua, Georgian politician and minister (b. 1968)
• 2019 – Azucena Hernández, Spanish actress (b. 1960)
• 2019 – Sheila Mercier, English actress (b. 1919)
• 2019 – Rosa Morena, Spanish female flamenco, pop artist, dancer, actress and model (b. 1940)
• 2019 – Bob Willis, English cricketer (b. 1949)
• 2020 – Larry Dixon, American politician (b. 1942)
• 2020 – Madeleine Mathiot, American linguist and academic (b. 1927)
• 2020 – Anatoli Samoylenko, Ukrainian mathematician and academic (b. 1938)
• 2020 – Kinuko Tanida, Japanese volleyball player and Olympic champion (b. 1939)
• 2021 – Boris Misnik, Soviet-Russian politician (b. 1938)
• 2022 – June Blair, American model and actress (b. 1932)
• 2022 – Magomedali Magomedov, Soviet, Russian and Dagestan statesman and politician (b. 1930)
• 2022 – Bob McGrath, American comedian, actor and voice actor (b. 1932)
• 2022 – Karl Merkatz, Austrian actor and writer (b. 1930)
• 2022 – Jacqueline Rigaud, French Resistance fighter and human rights activist (b. 1925)
• 2022 – Patrick Tambay is a French former Formula 1 driver (b. 1949)