April 13 is the 103st day of the year (104nd in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 262 days remaining until the end of the year.

Railways

April 13, 1896 Baron Hirsch died of brain hemorrhage in Hungary. Many well-known personalities of Europe attended the funeral held in Paris. Hirsch left a legacy of 800 million francs, most of which was earned from Rumeli railways. It left 180 million francs to Jewish charitable organizations and 50 million francs to the Jewish colony in Argentina. Thessaloniki-Istanbul Junction Line opened. In September 1893, the concession of the line was given to the French.

Events

1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
1204 – The sack of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade.
1517 – The last Mamluk sultan II. Tomanbay was executed by Selim I in Cairo.
1796 - An elephant is brought to the USA for the first time from India.
1839 - El Salvador declared its independence.
1849 - Hungary passed into the republican regime.
1870 - The Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded in New York.
1909 – The 31 March Incident occurred in the Ottoman Empire.
1919 – Amritsar massacre: British troops kill 379 unarmed demonstrators in Amritsar (India).
1921 - The Communist Workers' Party of Spain is founded.
1933 – After graduating from the Higher Engineering School (Istanbul Technical University), Sabiha and Melek Hanımlar became Turkey's first female engineers. Two female engineers were appointed to the Ankara and Bursa Public Works Administration (Ministry of Public Works) after a lottery.
1941 - The USSR signs a non-aggression pact with Japan.
1945 - Nazi Germany military units kill more than 1000 political and military prisoners.
1945 – The forces of the USSR and the Kingdom of Bulgaria capture Vienna.
1949 – Turkish Women's Union was founded under the Honorary Presidency of President İsmet İnönü's wife Mevhibe İnönü.
1970 – 12 armed right-wing, second lieutenant doctor Necdet Güçlü, who raided Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, killed.
1970 – Space shuttle Apollo 13One of the oxygen tanks exploded just as the navy was 321.860 km above the ground. The space crew successfully returned to Earth.
1975 – The Lebanese Civil War begins with the killing of 27 Palestinians in response to four Christian Falangists in the Lebanese capital, Beirut.
1982 – Hilmi İşgüzar, a former minister in Turkey, was sentenced to 9 years and 8 months in prison by the Supreme Court.
1985 – Ramiz Alia came to the management in Albania after Enver Hoxha.
1987 – Prof. Dr. Ekrem Akurgal, Aziz Nesin, Prof. Dr. Rona Aybay, Panayot Abacı and Oğuz Aral founded the Turkey-Greece Friendship Association.
1987 – Portugal and China signed an agreement on the return of Macau to Chinese HC in 1999.
1994 – The repealed Law No. 3984 on the Establishment and Broadcasting of Radio and Television, known as the “RTÜK Law” in the public, was accepted in the Parliament.
1994 – Welfare Party Chairman Necmettin Erbakan's use of the phrase "60 million will decide whether the RP will be hard or soft, bloody or sweet to come to power," in the group meeting of his party, sparked reactions.
1998 – PKK's number two person Şemdin Sakık and his brother Arif Sakık were captured and brought to Turkey in an operation by the General Staff Special Forces Command.

Births

1506 – Pierre Favre, Catholic clergyman of Savoie descent – co-founder of the Jesuit order (d. 1546)
1519 – Catherine de' Medici, Queen of France (d. 1589)
1570 Guy Fawkes, English rebel soldier (d. 1606)
1743 – Thomas Jefferson, American politician, author, and 3rd President of the United States (d. 1826)
1764 – Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, Marshal and Marquess of France (d. 1830)
1771 – Richard Trevithick, English inventor and mining engineer (d. 1833)
1808 – Antonio Meucci, Italian inventor (d. 1889)
1825 – Thomas D'Arcy McGee, Canadian author (d. 1868)
1851 – William Quan Judge, American theosophist (d. 1896)
1860 – James Ensor, Belgian painter (d. 1949)
1866 – Butch Cassidy, American outlaw (d. 1908)
1885 – Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy, Dutch statesman (d. 1961)
1901 – Jacques Lacan, French psychiatrist (d. 1981)
1904 – Yves Congar, considered one of the most important Roman Catholic theologians of the 20th century (d. 1995)
1906 – Samuel Beckett, Irish writer, critic, poet, and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
1914 – Orhan Veli, Turkish poet (d. 1950)
1919 – Howard Keel, American actor (d. 2004)
1920 – Roberto Calvi, Italian banker (d. 1982)
1923 – Don Adams, American actor and comedian (d. 2005)
1930 – Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian director and politician (d. 2013)
1931 – Aram Gülyüz, Turkish director, producer and screenwriter (d. 2018)
1939 – Ekrem Pakdemirli, Turkish politician (d. 2015)
1939 – Şemsi İnkaya, Turkish actress
1942 – Ataol Behramoğlu, Turkish poet and writer
1942 – Aykut Edibali, Turkish politician, writer and Chairman of the Nation Party
1944 – Bill Gross, American financial executive and author
1950 – Ron Perlman, Jewish-American voice actor and actor
1953 - Brigitte Macron, wife of French President Emmanuel Macron
1955 – Safet Sušic, Bosnian football player
1963 – Garry Kasparov, Russian chess grandmaster and World Chess Champion
1967 – Olga Tanón, Puerto Rican singer
1968 – Jeanne Balibar, French actress and singer
1972 – Qurban Qurbanov, Azerbaijani football player
1975 - Tatiana Navka, Russian figure skater and 2006 Winter Olympics champion
1976 – Jonathan Brandis, American actor (d. 2003)
1978 - Carles Puyol, Spanish former football player
1980 – Jana Cova, Czech porn star
1985 – Kerim Zengin, Turkish football player
1995 – Yosuke Akiyama, Japanese football player
1998 – Muhip Arcıman, Turkish actor and voice actor

Deaths

796 – Paul the Deacon, Benedictine monk, scribe, and Lombard historian (b. 720s)
814 - Khan Krum, Khan of the Danube Bulgarian State
989 – Bardas Fokas, prominent general of the Byzantine Empire
1592 – Bartolomeo Ammannati, Italian architect and sculptor (b. 1511)
1605 – Boris Godunov, Tsar of Russia (b. 1551)
1635 – Maanoğlu Fahreddin, Druze emir who rebelled against the Ottoman Empire (b. 1572)
1695 – Jean de La Fontaine, French writer (b. 1621)
1712 – Nâbi, poet of Ottoman Divan literature (b. 1642)
1794 – Imam Mansur, Chechen statesman (b. 1760)
1854 – José María Vargas, president of Venezuela (b. 1786)
1904 – Stepan Makarov, Russian vice admiral and oceanographer (b. 1849)
1904 – Vasily Vasilyevich Vereschagin, Russian martial artist (b. 1842)
1918 – Lavr Georgievich Kornilov, Russian Military Intelligence officer (b. 1870)
1936 – Konstandinos Demercis, Greek politician (b. 1936)
1941 – Annie Jump Cannon, American astronomer (b. 1863)
1942 – Henk Sneevliet, Dutch communist (b. 1883)
1943 – Oskar Schlemmer, German painter, sculptor, designer and Bauhaus school choreographer (b. 1888)
1945 – Ernst Cassirer, German philosopher (b. 1874)
1956 – Emil Nolde, German painter and printmaker (b. 1867)
1962 – Hermann Muhs, Minister of State and secretary for churches in Nazi Germany (b. 1894)
1966 – Abdusselam Arif, Iraqi soldier and politician. He served as president of Iraq from 1963 to 1966. (b. 1921)
1966 – Carlo Carrà, Italian painter (b. 1881)
1967 – Nicole Berger, French actress (b. 1934)
1975 – Larry Parks, American stage and film actor (b. 1914)
1975 – François Tombalbaye, aka Ngarta Tombalbaye, teacher and trade union activist who served as Chad's first president (b. 1918)
1978 – Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian women's rights activist and feminist (b. 1900)
1983 – Gerald Archibald “Gerry” Hitchens, English former international football player (b. 1934)
1983 – Mercè Rodoreda i Gurguí, Catalan novelist (b. 1908)
1992 – Feza Gürsey, Turkish physicist and mathematician (b. 1921)
2000 – Giorgio Bassani, Italian writer and publisher (b. 1916)
2008 – Ignazio Fabra, Italian wrestler (b. 1930)
2008 – John Archibald Wheeler, American theoretical physicist (b. 1911)
2014 – Ernesto Laclau, Argentine political theorist often recognized as a post-Marxist (b. 1935)
2015 – Ronnie Carroll, Northern Irish singer (b. 1934)
2015 – Eduardo Galeano, Uruguayan journalist (b. 1940)
2015 – Günter Grass, German writer and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1927)
2017 – Georges Rol, French bishop of the Roman Catholic Church (b. 1926)
2017 – Robert William Taylor or Bob taylor, American computer scientist and computer engineer (b. 1932)
2018 – Arthur William Bell III, American radio host, journalist, and author (b. 1945)
2018 – Miloš Forman, Czechoslovakian – American film director, screenwriter, actor, academic and winner of the Academy Award for Best Director (b. 1932)
2019 – Francisca Aguirre, Spanish poet and writer (b. 1930)
2019 – Anthony Peter Buzan, English author, clinical psychologist, and publisher (b. 1942)
2019 – Wally Carr, Australian professional boxer (b. 1954)
2019 – Mark Connolly, American politician and businessman (b. 1955)
2019 – Paul Greengard, American neurologist (b. 1925)
2019 – Neus Català Pallejà, Spanish critic, activist and politician (b. 1915)
2019 – D. Babu Paul, Indian bureaucrat and writer (b. 1941)
2020 – Baldiri Alavedra, Spanish professional midfielder (b. 1944)
2020 – Gil Bailey, Jamaican radio broadcaster and DJ (b. 1936)
2020 – Juan Cotino, Spanish businessman, bureaucrat and politician (b. 1950)
2020 – Ashok Desai, Indian politician and lawyer (b. 1943)
2020 – Jerry Givens, American activist (b. 1952)
2020 – Ryo Kawasaki, Japanese electronic jazz musician, conductor, composer, and software programmer (b. 1947)
2020 – Thomas Kunz, American biologist (b. 1938)
2020 – Philippe Lécrivain, French Jesuit priest and historian (b. 1941)
2020 – Benjamin Levin, II. Jewish partisan of Polish origin during World War II (b. 1927)
2020 – Sarah Maldoror, Black-French writer, film and theater director (b. 1929)
2020 – Patricia Millardet, French actress (b. 1957)
2020 – Dennis G. Peters, American analytical chemist (b. 1937)
2020 – Avrohom Pinter, English rabbi (b. 1949)
2020 – John Rowlands, English football player (b. 1947)
2020 – Zafer Sarfraz, Pakistani professional cricketer (b. 1969)
2020 – Bernard Stalter, French entrepreneur and politician (b. 1957)
2020 – Ann Sullivan, American animator (b. 1929)
2021 – Maqbul Ahmed, Bangladeshi cleric, educator, and politician (b. 1939)
2021 – Patricio Hacbang Alo, Filipino Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1939)
2021 – Jamal al-Kebindi, Kuwaiti national football player (b. 1959)
2021 – Isi Leibler, Belgian-born Australian-Israeli international Jewish activist and author (b. 1934)
2021 – Jaime Mota de Farias, Brazilian Catholic bishop (b. 1925)
2021 – Bernard Noël, French writer and poet (b. 1930)
2021 – Ruth Roberta de Souza, Brazilian women's basketball player (b. 1968)
2022 – Michel Bouquet, French actor (b. 1925)

Holidays and special occasions

Thailand, Laos and Cambodia – Songkran (Christmas)