An earthquake the size of Izmir Torbalida — Earthquake of Magnitude 7 in Torbalı, İzmir 50 Died

March 31 is the 90th day of the year (91st in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 275 days remaining until the end of the year.

Railways

31 March 1868 3 for Rumelia Railways. The contract was signed with the Belgian brothers Van der Elst and his partners.
31 March 1919 The letter sent to the Supreme Supervisor of the Baghdad, was asked to make the correspondence in Baghdad Railway Company in French.
31 March 1922 An agreement was signed between Italy and the Istanbul Government (Garroni-Izzet Pasha). According to the agreement, Italy would evacuate Southwestern Anatolia, whereas Zonguldak would obtain concessions in the operation of coals and railway construction.

Events

1517 – The 95 Theses of Martin Luther's Catholic Church Criticism of the Protestant Reformation.
1774 - American War of Independence: The Government of Great Britain closes the port of Boston.
1866 - The Spanish Navy bombarded the Chilean port of Valparaíso.
1848 - Two sisters Margaret and Kate Fox became the first professional mediums, claiming to have a relationship with the spirit world.
1889 – The Eiffel Tower, built by Gustave Eiffel, was opened in Paris to mark the 1789th anniversary of the French Revolution of 100.
1909 – Construction of the RMS Titanic begins.
1901 – The four-cylinder vehicle ordered to Daimler by Emile Jelinek, Consul General of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was delivered to its owner. Jelinek named her new vehicle after her daughter "Mercedes".
1917 – The United States buys part of the Virgin Islands from Denmark for $25 million.
1918 – Daylight saving time is introduced in the USA for the first time.
1921 – In the Second Battle of İnönü, the counterattack of the Turkish Army began.
1923 – Treaty of Lausanne: Representatives of the Entente Powers gathered in London, responding to Turkey's note on March 8, urging them to continue the talks that were interrupted in Lausanne.
1925 – In the region where the Sheikh Said Rebellion took place, the law on the execution of the death sentences given by the Divan-ı Harb without requiring approval was accepted.
1928 – 7,0 people died in an earthquake with a magnitude of 50 in Torbalı, İzmir.
1931 - An earthquake in Managua, the capital of Nicaragua, killed 2000 people.
1964 – There was a military coup in Brazil.
1965 – The United States entered the hot war by sending 3500 Marines to Vietnam.
1975 – The First Nationalist Front Government (39th Government) was established under the Presidency of Süleyman Demirel.
1979 – The last British Troops in Malta withdrew from the Island.
1980 – The Process Leading to the 12 September 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979 - 12 September 1980): Chief of General Staff Gen. Kenan Evren told the Minister of National Defense Ahmet İhsan Birioğlu that a new president should be elected as soon as possible. 58 more people escaped from Van Prison. Two police officers trying to take down a bomb banner in Istanbul were shattered. A total of 2 people were killed in 10 cities.
1985 – WrestleMania, the most prestigious wrestling event of the WWE and the world, was won.
1990 – Yusuf Kurçenli, who took part in the program of the Ninth Istanbul Film Festival. Blackout Nights The movie was banned by the Supervisory Board.
2005 - Makemake (dwarf planet) is discovered by a team led by Michael E. Brown.
2008 – Italian artist Pippa Bacca was found dead in a forest area near Tavşanlı village in Kocaeli's Gebze district. The suspect Murat K. was arrested for allegedly killing Bacca.
2014 – Last Forever-2, the last episode of How I Met Your Mother, aired.
2015 – Electricity system collapsed in Turkey. There were interruptions of up to 79 hours across 10 provinces.
2015 – Chief Public Prosecutor Mehmet Selim Kiraz was killed by members of the DHKP-C organization.
2019 – 2019 Turkey local elections were held.

Births

250 – Constantius Chlorus, Roman Emperor (d. 306)
1499 – IV. Pius, Pope (d. 1565)
1504 – Guru Angad, second of ten Sikh gurus (d. 1552)
1519 – II. Henri, King of France (d. 31) from March 1547, 1559 until his death
1536 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Japanese Ruler (d. 1565)
1596 – René Descartes, French philosopher and mathematician (d. 1650)
1675 – XIV. Benedict, Pope (d. 1758)
1723 – Frederik V, Duke of Denmark-Norway and Schleswig-Holstein (d. 1766)
1732 – Franz Joseph Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1809)
1778 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Dutch aristocrat, zoologist, ornithologist, and curator (d. 1858)
1809 – Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, Russian writer (d. 1852)
1811 – Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, German chemist and inventor (d. 1899)
1833 – Mary Abigail Dodge, American essayist and publisher (d. 1896)
1872 – Alexandra Kollontai, Soviet revolutionary writer and diplomat (d. 1952)
1872 – Arthur Griffith, Irish writer and politician (d. 1922)
1906 – Siniciro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (d. 1979)
1914 – Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat, author, and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
1915 – Shoichi Yokoi, Imperial Japanese Army sergeant, Japanese soldier (d. 1997)
1916 – Tommy Bolt, American golfer (d. 2008)
1918 – Ted Post, American TV and film director (d. 2013)
1922 – Richard Kiley, American actor (d. 1999)
1922 – Zeyyat Selimoğlu, Turkish writer and translator (d. 2000)
1926 – John Robert Fowles, English novelist and essayist (d. 2005)
1927 – William Daniels, American actor, voice actor, and cinematographer
1927 – Vladimir Ilyushin, Russian test pilot (d. 2010)
1932 – Nagisa Oshima, Japanese director (d. 2013)
1933 – Beklan Algan, Turkish actor, writer and director (d. 2010)
1934 – Richard Chamberlain, American actor and singer
1934 - Shirley Mae Jones, American actress and singer
1934 - Carlo Rubbia, Italian particle physicist and inventor who shared the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physics with Simon van der Meer
1935 - Herb Alpert is an American trumpet player.
1936 – Marge Piercy is an American poet, writer, and activist.
1938 – Ahmet Ayık, Turkish wrestler
1939 – Sheila Dikshit, Indian politician (d. 2019)
1939 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia, Georgian dissident, statesman and writer (d. 1993)
1939 – Israel Horovitz, American author (d. 2020)
1939 – Volker Schlöndorff, German filmmaker
1939 - Karl-Heinz Schnellinger, former German football player
1940 – Brian Ackland-Snow, English film and art director (d. 2013)
1943 – Roy Andersson is a Swedish film director.
1943 – Christopher Walken, American actor and winner of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
1945 – Engin Alan, Turkish soldier and politician
1945 – Edwin Earl Catmull, American computer scientist
1947 – Eliyahu M. Goldratt, Israeli businessman (d. 2011)
1948 – Al Gore, American politician and Nobel Peace Prize laureate
1948 - Rhea Perlman, American actress
1948 – Sinan Bengier, Turkish theater and film actor
1955 – Angus Young, Scottish-Australian musician and AC/DC guitarist
1955 – Anna Finocchiaro, Italian politician and minister
1961 – Howard Gordon, American television writer and producer
1962 – Olli Rehn, Finnish politician
1965 – William McNamara, American actor and animal rights activist
1968 – César Sampaio, Brazilian football player
1970 – Alenka Bratušek, liberal Slovenian politician who became Prime Minister of Slovenia
1971 – Martin Atkinson, English Premier League football referee with FIFA license
1971 – Craig McCracken, American animator, animated series screenwriter, and storyboard artist
1971 – Ewan McGregor, Scottish actor
1972 – Alejandro Amenábar, Spanish director
1972 - Facundo Arana, Argentine actor
1972 – Evan Clark Williams, American computer programmer and internet entrepreneur
1974 – Stefan Olsdal, Swedish musician
1978 – Stephen Clemence, English football player and manager
1978 – Jérôme Rothen, French football player
1980 – Matias Concha, Swedish national football player
1980 – Kate Micucci, American actress, comedian, singer, songwriter, and artist
1980 – Maaya Sakamoto, Japanese voice actor, actress, and singer
1982 – Paşhan Yılmazel, Turkish actor
1982 – Ambroise Michel, French actress and comedian
1982 – Tal Ben Haim, former Israeli football player
1983 – Ashleigh Ball, Canadian voice actor and musician
1984 – Alberto Rodríguez, Peruvian football player
1987 – Nordin Amrabat, Moroccan football player
1987 – Hugo Ayala, Mexican football player
1987 – Georg Listing, German musician and bass guitarist of Tokio Hotel
1990 – Lyra McKee, Northern Irish journalist (d. 2019)
1991 – Rodney Sneijder, Dutch football player
1996 – Liza Koshy, American YouTuber, actor, television presenter and comedian
1999 – Brooke Scullion, Irish singer
1999 – Japhet Tanganga, English football player

Deaths

1340 – Ivan I, Grand Prince of Moscow (b. 1288)
1461 – Metropolitan Jonah, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia from 1448 to 1461 (b. 1390)
1547 – Francis I, King of France from 1515 to 1547 (b. 1494)
1621 – III. Felipe, king of Spain, Portugal, Naples (as Felipe II), Sicily, Sardinia, and duke of Milan (b. 1578)
1631 – John Donne, English poet (b. 1572)
1671 – Anne Hyde, Duchess of York and Albany as the first wife of James, Duke of York (later King James II) (b. 1637)
1727 – Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist (b. 1643)
1751 – Frederick, Prince of Wales, heir to the British throne (b. 1707)
1763 – Marco Foscarini, 117th Duke of the Republic of Venice (b. 1696)
1797 – Olaudah Equiano, slave known as Gustavus Vassa, who bought his freedom through trade (b. 1745)
1837 – John Constable, English painter (b. 1776)
1850 – John C. Calhoun, American statesman (b. 1782)
1855 – Charlotte Brontë, English novelist (famous for Jane Eyre) (b. 1816)
1869 – Allan Kardec, French author and founder of Experimental Spiritualism (b. 1804)
1870 – Thomas Cooke, Canadian Catholic priest and missionary (b. 1792)
1898 – Eleanor Marx, Marxist writer and political activist (b. 1855)
1907 – Léo Taxil, French journalist and author (b. 1854)
1910 – Jean Moreas, Greek-French poet (b. 1856)
1917 – Emil Adolf von Behring, German physician and Nobel Prize laureate in Medicine or Physiology (b. 1854)
1943 – Pavel Milyukov, Russian historian and liberal politician (b. 1859)
1945 – Anne Frank, Jewish writer (famous for her diaries, icon of the Holocaust) (b. 1929)
1945 – Hans Fischer, German chemist (b. 1881)
1970 – Semyon Tymoshenko, Soviet commander (b. 1895)
1975 – Munis Faik Ozansoy, Turkish poet and writer (b. 1911)
1976 – Paul Strand, American photographer (b. 1890)
1980 – Jesse Owens, American athlete (b. 1913)
1981 – Enid Bagnold, English writer (b. 1889)
1986 – Jerry Paris, American actor (b. 1925)
1993 – Brandon Lee, Chinese-American actor (b. 1965)
1995 – Selena, American singer-songwriter (b. 1971)
2001 – Clifford Shull, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1915)
2008 – Jules Dassin, American film director (b. 1911)
2008 – Pippa Bacca, Italian artist and activist (b. 1974)
2009 – Atilla Konuk, Turkish politician and athlete (b. 1923)
2009 – Aydın Babaoğlu, Turkish film actor (b. 1953)
2009 – Raúl Alfonsín, Argentine lawyer and politician (b. 1927)
2010 – Ana Novac, Romanian writer (b. 1929)
2010 – Alp Can, Turkish journalist (b. 1961)
2012 – Dale R. Corson, American physicist and academic (b. 1914)
2013 – Yaşar Güner, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor (b. 1943)
2015 – Mehmet Selim Kiraz, Turkish prosecutor (b. 1969)
2016 – Ronnie Corbett, Scottish actor and comedian (b. 1930)
2016 – Georges Cottier, Swiss cardinal (b. 1922)
2016 – Hans-Dietrich Genscher, German politician (b. 1927)
2016 – Zaha Hadid, British architect (b. 1950)
2016 – Imre Kertész, Hungarian writer and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1929)
2016 – Denise Robertson, British show host (b. 1932)
2017 – Halit Akçatepe, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor (b. 1938)
2017 – Gilbert Baker, American LGBT rights activist and flag designer (b. 1951)
2017 – William Thaddeus Coleman, Jr., American lawyer and politician (b. 1920)
2017 – Mike Hall, British racing cyclist and promoter (b. 1981)
2017 – Radley Metzger, American pornographic filmmaker (b. 1929)
2017 – Roland W. Schmitt, American business physicist (b. 1923)
2018 – Frank Aendenboom, Belgian actor (b. 1941)
2018 – Margarita Carrera, Guatemalan writer, academic, and philosopher (b. 1929)
2018 – Luigi De Filippo, Italian actor, theater director and playwright (b. 1930)
2018 – Mükerrem Kemertaş, Turkish singer (b. 1938)
2019 – Peter Coleman, Australian author, journalist and politician (b. 1928)
2019 – Cesare Dujany, Italian politician (b. 1920)
2019 – Ralph S. Greco, American surgeon and sculptor (b. 1942)
2019 – Nipsey Hussle, American Hip-Hop artist (b. 1985)
2019 – Eva Moser, Austrian chess player (b. 1982)
2019 – Yves Préfontaine, Québec-born Canadian poet and writer (b. 1937)
2019 – Hedi Türki, Tunisian artist and educator (b. 1922)
2020 – Mark Azbel, Soviet-Israeli physicist (b. 1932)
2020 – Jim Bailey, Australian middle-distance runner (b. 1929)
2020 – Julie Bennett, American actress and voice actor (b. 1932)
2020 – Cristina, American singer (b. 1959)
2020 – Viktar Dashkevich, Belarusian actor (b. 1945)
2020 – Pape Diouf, former Senegalese journalist and sports administrator (b. 1951)
2020 – Rafael Gómez Nieto, Spanish soldier (b. 1921)
2020 – James Stuart Gordon, Baron Gordon of Strathblane, Scottish businessman, politician and executive (b. 1936)
2020 – Andrew Jack, English dubbing artist, educator and actor (b. 1944)
2020 – Abdulhalim Haddam, Syrian politician (b. 1932)
2020 – Eva Kríziková, Slovak actress (b. 1934)
2020 – Vincent Marzello, American actor (b. 1951)
2020 – Gita Ramjee, Ugandan-South African scientist and research physician (b. 1956)
2020 – Wallace Roney, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1960)
2020 – Kiyoshi Sasabe, Japanese film director (b. 1958)
2020 – Peter JN Sinclair, British economist and professor (b. 1946)
2020 – Michael Wakelam, British molecular biologist, professor (b. 1955)
2021 – Anzor Erkomaishvili, Georgian singer, composer, folk music researcher and politician (b. 1940)
2021 – Kemal Ganzuri, Egyptian politician (b. 1933)
2021 – Cleve Hall, American special effects artist, make-up artist, and actor (b. 1959)
2021 – Jadwiga Wysoczanská, Czech opera singer (b. 1927)
2021 – Carlos Pedro Zilli, Brazilian-born bishop of the Roman Catholic Church of Guinea-Bissauan (b. 1954)
2022 – Georgi Atanasov, Bulgarian politician (b. 1933)
2022 – Rıdvan Bolatlı, Turkish former national football player (b. 1928)

Holidays and special occasions

Genocide of Azerbaijanis