Today in History: Queen Victoria's Funeral Held

February 2 is the 33nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 332 days left until the end of the year (333 in leap years).

Railways

• 2 February 1922 26 In his report to the US Department of Commerce, Gillespie, the American Assistant Trade Commissioner for Ankara, came to Ankara in December. Ankara The nationalist, the government, wants to establish business relations with the US and seek financial assistance. On the other hand, it could give concession. On the two sides of the railway to be built on the 20 km. Peace negotiations can be negotiated on capitulations. Such a compromise should be written so skillfully that the Assembly and the public can escape.

Events

• 506 – Eighth king of the Visigoths II. Alaric proclaimed Alaric's Prayer Book (Breviarium Alaricianum or Lex Romana Visigothorum), a collection of "Roman law."
• 880 – Battle of the Lüneburg Heath: King of France III. Louis was defeated by the Scandinavian Great Infidel Army on the Lüneburg Heath in Saxony.
• 962 - Translatio empires: Pope XII. John crowned Holy Roman Emperor Otto I, the first Holy Roman Emperor for nearly 40 years.
• 1032 – Holy Roman Emperor II. Conrad became king of Burgundy.
• 1141 – Battle of Lincoln, in which King Stephen of England is defeated and Empress Matilda is captured by her allies.
• 1207 – Terra Mariana, comprising present-day Latvia and Estonia, is founded.
• 1438 – Nine leaders of the Transylvanian peasant revolt are executed in Torda.
• 1461 – Wars of the Roses: The Battle of Mortimer's Cross is fought in Herefordshire, England.
• 1536 - Spanish Pedro de Mendoza founded Buenos Aires, which is now the capital of Argentina.
• 1645 – Wars of the Three Kingdoms: The Battle of Inverlochy is fought in Scotland.
• 1653 - New Amsterdam (later renamed New York) is founded.
• 1709 – Alexander Selkirk is rescued after living alone for 4 years and 4 months on an island 400 miles off the coast of Chile. It was the model for Daniel Defoe's book Robinson Crusoe.
• 1848 – Mexican-American War: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed.
• 1848 - The California gold rush begins. The first ship full of wealth-seeking Chinese immigrants arrived in San Francisco.
• 1850 - Brigham Young declares war on the Timpanogo at the Battle of Fort Utah.
• 1868 - Pro-Imperial forces capture Osaka Castle from the Tokugawa shogunate and burn it.
• 1876 ​​– MLB's National League of Professional Baseball Clubs is founded.
• 1880 – The practice of lighting streets and streets at night was first introduced in Wabash (India).
• 1887 – First Groundhog Day is celebrated in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania.
• 1899 – The Australian Private Persons Conference, held in Melbourne, decides that Canberra, the capital of Australia, be located between Sydney and Melbourne.
• 1901 - Queen Victoria's funeral takes place.
• 1909 - Paris Film Congress opens. An attempt by European manufacturers to create an equivalent to the MPCC cartel in the United States.
• 1913 - Grand Central Terminal opens in New York City.
• 1914 – Electric Tramway Enterprise was opened in Istanbul.
• 1920 – The Tartu Peace Treaty is signed between Estonia and Russia.
• 1922 - James Joyce's most important work Ulysses published. The day the book was published is also the Irish writer's birthday.
• 1924 – Aleksey Ivanovich Rykov was appointed as the Chairman of the Council of Commissars, which was vacated by the death of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin in the Soviet Union.
• 1925 – Serum Run to Nome: Dog sleds arrive in Nome, Alaska with the diphtheria serum that inspired the Iditarod race.
• 1928 – Ankara Cement Factory was opened.
• 1934 – The United States Export-Import Bank is established.
• 1935 - Girls' Technical Higher Teachers' School was established.
• 1935 - First lie detector tested by Leonarde Keeler.
• 1938 – Bursa Merino Factory was opened with a ceremony by Atatürk.
• 1942 – The Osvald Group becomes responsible for the first active anti-Nazi resistance event in Norway to protest Vidkun Quisling's election as president.
• 1943 – II. World War II: After the Battle of Stalingrad, the last German 6th Army units surrender to Soviet troops.
• 1957 – The Istanbul Trade Unions Union issued a statement demanding the right to strike. 47 unions were affiliated to the Istanbul Union of Trade Unions.
• 1958 – Famous soprano Maria Callas left the stage before the concert ended, citing her illness at the premiere of Vincenzo Bellini's opera Norma in Rome.
• 1959 - Indira Gandhi was elected as the leader of the Congress Party in India. Indira Gandhi is the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, the founder of the parliamentary system in India.
• 1959 - Nine experienced skiers die under mysterious circumstances in the Ural Mountains in the northern Soviet Union.
• 1962 – Neptune and Pluto align for the first time in 400 years.
• 1966 – Pakistan proposes a six-point agenda with Kashmir after the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War.
• 1967 – The American Basketball Association (ABA) was founded. The ABA ended its activities in 1976, when it was included in the NBA league.
• 1967 – Turgut Özal, Special Technical Advisor to the Prime Ministry, was appointed as the Undersecretary of the State Planning Organization.
• 1971 – Idi Amin seizes power in Uganda in a coup.
• 1971 – The international Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands is signed in Mazandaran, Ramsar, Iran.
• 1974 – The F-16 Fighting Falcons made its first flight in the United States.
• 1980 – The Process Leading to the September 12, 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979 - September 12, 1980): Infantry Private Zekeriya Önge, one of the soldiers who intervened in an armed group in Ankara, was shot dead by the left-wing militant Erdal Eren. Eren, who was hiding among the planks, was caught with his gun.
• 1980 – Reports reveal that the FBI targeted Members of Congress allegedly corrupt in Operation Abscam.
• 1981 – The National Security Council decided to refer Hilmi İşgüzar, one of the former social security ministers, to the Supreme Court for the investigation of the allegations against him.
• 1982 – A major operation was carried out against the Muslim Brotherhood in Hama, one of the largest cities in Syria. Thousands of people died in the operation. This event went down in history as the Hama Massacre.
• 1984 – The law on tax refund came into effect. Thus, starting from January 1, 1984, expenditures made by wage earners, civil servants, retirees, their spouses and children, and their dependents for household goods, food and clothing, and education and health expenditures, excluding rental expenses, will be subject to tax refunds.
• 1987 – After the 1986 People Power Revolution, the Philippines enacted a new constitution.
• 1989 – The last USSR military contingent also leaves Kabul. Thus ended the nine-year Russian occupation of Afghanistan.
• 1990 - South African President De Klerk lifts the 30-year ban on the African National Congress. He said political prisoners, including Nelson Mandela, would be released as soon as possible.
• 1991 – Journalists were banned from entering Silopi and Cizre.
• 1995 – Istanbul State Security Court, Freedom of Expression and Turkey He decided to collect the book.
• 1995 – The Privatization Administration sold the Meat and Fish Institution to Öz Tobacco, Muskirat, Food Industry and Auxiliary Workers Union of Hak-İş for 2 trillion with no payment for 1,5 years.
• 1997 – The “Jerusalem Night” organized by the Welfare Party municipality in Ankara Sincan sparked a reaction. Turkey officially protested Iran's Ambassador to Ankara Mohammad Reza Bagheri for his speech in Xinjiang.
• 2000 – When the Ivory Coast national football team was eliminated in the first round of the Africa Cup, the country's dictator imprisoned all the football players in a military camp.
• 2000 – The first digital cinema projection in Europe (Paris) by Philippe Binant with DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments.
• 2002 – Wedding of Prince of Orange Willem-Alexander and Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti.
• 2004 – The 11-storey Zümrüt Apartment Building in the Selçuklu district of Konya collapsed due to a construction error: 92 people died.
• 2004 – Swiss tennis player Roger Federer becomes the #237 men's singles player, a position he will hold for 1 weeks, a new record.
• 2005 – The Canadian Government enacts the Civil Marriage Act. This law would become law on July 20, 2005, legalizing same-sex marriage.
• 2007 – The United Nations “Climate Report” was announced. It has been warned that global warming threatens human life.
• 2007 – In the Sicilian derby between Catania and Palermo in Serie A, the highest level of Italian football, police officer Filippo Raciti lost his life. This event led to major changes in stadium regulations in Italy.
• 2009 – Testifying at the 41th hearing of the trial where 86 defendants, 46 of whom were detained, were tried within the scope of the Ergenekon case, Sami Hoştan said, “I have the missing bag in the Susurluk accident.” said.
• 2012 – The MV Rabaul Queen ferry sank off the coast of Papua New Guinea, near the Finschhafen district, killing an estimated 146-165 people.

Births

• 137 – Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor (d. 193)
• 1208 – Jaime I (Jaime the Conqueror), King of Aragon (d. 1276)
• 1455 – Johan, king of Denmark (d. 1513)
• 1487 – János Zápolya, Voivode of Erdel and King of Hungary (d. 1540)
• 1503 - Katherine Tudor, VII. Eighth and last child (d. ?) of Henry and Elizabeth of York
• 1522 – Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician (d. 1565)
• 1526 – Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski, Orthodox prince of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (d. 1608)
• 1649 – XIII. Benedict, Italian Pope (d. 1730)
• 1650 – VIII. Alexander, Pope (d. 1691)
• 1700 – Johann Christoph Gottsched, German writer (d. 1766)
• 1717 – Ernst Gideon von Laudon, Austrian soldier (d. 1790)
• 1754 – Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, French politician (d. 1838)
• 1766 – William Townsend Aiton, English botanist (d. 1849)
• 1767 – Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link, German naturalist and botanist (d. 1851)
• 1791 – William Elford Leach, English ethnomologist, zoologist, and encyclopedist (d. 1836)
• 1802 – Jean Baptiste Boussingault, French chemist (d. 1887)
• 1818 – Joseph Weydemeyer, Prussian and US army officer, journalist, politician, and Marxist revolutionary (d. 1866)
• 1827 – Oswald Achenbach, German nature painter (d. 1905)
• 1838 – Vasily Vasilievsky, Russian historian (d. 1899)
• 1844 – William Arnson Willoughby, American physician and politician (d. 1908)
• 1849 – William Jay Gaynor, American politician (d. 1913)
• 1865 – Ćiro Truhelka, Croatian archaeologist and historian (d. 1942)
• 1866 – Enrique Simonet, Spanish painter (d. 1927)
• 1871 – Joe Roberts, American silent actor (d. 1923)
• 1873 – Konstantin von Neurath, Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany (d. 1956)
• 1882 – James Joyce, Irish writer (d. 1941)
• 1882 – Friedrich Dollmann, Nazi Germany general (d. 1944)
• 1882 – Marigo Posio, activist of the Albanian National Awakening and Independence Movement (d. 1932)
• 1885 – Mikhail Frunze, Soviet military theorist and co-founder of the Red Army (d. 1925)
• 1885 – Henry Hugh Gordon Stoker, English film and stage actor (d. 1966)
• 1886 – Frank Lloyd, British film director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1960)
• 1887 – Ernst Hanfstaengl, foreign press secretary for Adolf Hitler (d. 1975)
• 1887 – Noah Young, American actor (d. 1958)
• 1889 – Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, French Field Marshal (d. 1952)
• 1891 – Antonio Segni, President of Italy (d. 1972)
• 1893 – Damdin Sühbatur, founder of the Mongolian People's Party and communist leader (d. 1923)
• 1893 – Dick Pym, English national goalkeeper (d. 1988)
• 1894 – Safiye Ali, Turkish medical doctor (d. 1952)
• 1894 – Evelyn Ellis, American actress (d. 1958)
• 1895 – Friedrich Jeckeln, SS-Obergruppenführer and SS and police leader (d. 1946)
• 1895 – George Halas, American football player, coach, and owner (d. 1983)
• 1896 – Kazimierz Kuratowski, Polish mathematician and logician (d. 1980)
• 1902 – Alvarez Bravo, Mexican photographer (d. 2002)
• 1905 – Ayn Rand, Russian-American writer (d. 1982)
• 1911 – Alfred Preis, Austrian architect (d. 1993)
• 1926 – Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, French politician (d. 2020)
• 1928 – Ciriaco de Mita, Italian politician (d. 2022)
• 1932 – Şekip Ayhan Özışık, Turkish composer (d. 1981)
• 1936 – Metin Oktay, Turkish football player (d. 1991)
• 1937 – Zacharie Noah, Cameroonian football player (d. 2017)
• 1938 – Ayla Gürses, Turkish singer (wife of Yıldırım Gürses) (d. 2015)
• 1939 – Dale T. Mortensen, American economist (d. 2014)
• 1942 – Graham Nash, English musician, singer and songwriter
• 1943 – Özden Örnek, Turkish soldier and 20th Commander of the Turkish Naval Forces (d. 2018)
• 1945 – Kerem Yılmazer, Turkish theater actor (d. 2003)
• 1946 – Salih Kalyon, Turkish actor
• 1947 – Farrah Fawcett, American actress (d. 2009)
• 1952 – Carol Ann Susi, American actress (d. 2014)
• 1952 - Park Geun-hye, President of South Korea
• 1956 – Adnan Oktar, Turkish writer
• 1958 – George Grigore, Romanian writer, translator, researcher and orientalist
• 1961 – Kenan Çamurcu, Turkish national weightlifter, journalist and politician
• 1962 – Philippe Claudel, French writer, screenwriter and film director
• 1962 – Andy Fordham, English professional darts player
• 1963 – Eva Cassidy, American singer (d. 1996)
• 1963 – Andrej Kiska, Slovakian philanthropist, entrepreneur and politician
• 1969 – Dana International, Israeli singer-songwriter
• 1970 – Jennifer Westfeldt, American actress and screenwriter
• 1971 - Arly Jover was a Spanish actress and dancer.
• 1972 – Nilgul Badakal, Turkish singer
• 1977 – Shakira, Colombian singer
• 1977 – Libor Sionko is a Czech former international football player.
• 1979 – Fani Halkia, Greek athlete
• 1981 – Emre Aydın, Turkish pop rock artist
• 1983 – Eypio, Turkish rap artist
• 1986 – Gemma Arterton, English actress, activist and filmmaker
• 1987 – Gerard Piqué, Spanish football player
• 1987 – Victoria Song Chinese singer
• 1996 – Paul Mescal, Irish actor

Deaths

• 1218 – Constantine of Rostov, prince of Vladimir (b. 1186)
• 1250 – XI. Erik, King of Sweden (b. 1216)
• 1449 – Ibn Hajar al-Askalani, Arabic hadith, fiqh and tafsir scholar (b. 1372)
• 1594 – Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Italian sacred music composer and musical composer (b. 1525)
• 1704 – Guillaume de l'Hôpital, French mathematician (b. 1661)
• 1769 – XIII. Clemens, Pope (b. 1693)
• 1793 – William Aiton, Scottish botanist (b. 1793)
• 1805 – Thomas Banks, English sculptor (b. 1735)
• 1836 – Letizia Ramolino, Italian nobleman, mother of Napoleon I (b. 1750)
• 1891 – Kostaki Musurus Pasha, Ottoman pasha of Greek origin (b. 1807)
• 1893 – Carl Christoffer Georg Andræ, Danish politician and mathematician (b. 1812)
• 1907 – Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist (b. 1834)
• 1917 – Zaynulla Rasulev, Bashkir religious leader (b. 1833)
• 1918 – ‎John L. Sullivan‎‎, American boxer ‎(b. 1858)
• 1940 – Vsevolod Meyerhold, Russian stage actor, producer and director (b. 1874)
• 1945 – Hüseyngulu Sarabski, Azerbaijani opera singer, actor and director (b. 1879)
• 1956 – Robert McAlmon, American author, poet, and publisher (b. 1896)
• 1957 – Grigori Landsberg, Soviet physicist (b. 1890)
• 1961 – Hovsep Orbeli, Soviet orientalist and academic (b. 1887)
• 1966 – Hacı Ömer Sabancı, Turkish businessman and one of the founders of Sabancı Holding (b. 1906)
• 1966 – Henry Hugh Gordon Stoker, English film and stage actor (b. 1885)
• 1969 – Boris Karloff, English actor (b. 1887)
• 1970 – Bertrand Russell, English mathematician, philosopher, and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1872)
• 1974 – Imre Lakatos, Hungarian philosopher (b. 1922)
• 1974 – Orhan Avşar, Turkish musician (b. 1917)
• 1979 – Sid Vicious, British musician (b. 1957)
• 1980 – William Howard Stein, American chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
• 1980 – Zekeriya Önge, Turkish soldier (b. 1960)
• 1987 – Alistair MacLean, Scottish novelist (b. 1922)
• 1988 – Marcel Bozzuffi, French film actor (b. 1928)
• 1989 – Ondrej Nepela, Slovak ice skater (b. 1951)
• 1995 – Donald Pleasence, English actor (b. 1919)
• 1996 – Gene Kelly, American actor (b. 1912)
• 1996 – Müfide İlhan, Turkish teacher and politician (b. 1911)
• 1998 – Haroun Tazieff, French volcanologist and geoscientist (b. 1914)
• 2000 – Teruki Miyamoto, Japanese former international football player (b. 1940)
• 2005 – Max Schmeling, German boxer and World heavyweight champion (b. 1905)
• 2011 – Defne Joy Foster, Turkish TV actress, presenter and DJ (b. 1975)
• 2013 – John Kerr, American actor (b. 1931)
• 2013 – Chris Kyle, American sniper (b. 1974)
• 2014 – Eduardo Coutinho, Brazilian film director, screenwriter, and actor (b. 1933)
• 2014 – Philip Seymour Hoffman, American actor, director, and winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor (b. 1967)
• 2014 – Rüştü Kazım Yücelen, Turkish politician (b. 1948)
• 2015 – Andriy Kuzmenko, Ukrainian singer (b. 1968)
• 2016 – İbrahim Arıkan, Turkish businessman (b. 1941)
• 2016 – Bob Elliott, American actor and comedian (b. 1923)
• 2016 – Luiz Felipe Lampreia, Brazilian diplomat and sociologist (b. 1941)
• 2017 – José Antonio Alonso, Spanish socialist politician, former minister (b. 1960)
• 2017 – Angelo Bissesarsingh, Trinidad and Tobago historian and author (b. 1982)
• 2017 – Predrag Matvejević, Bosnian writer and professor of French language and literature (b. 1932)
• 2017 – Shunichiro Okano, Japanese former international football player and manager (b. 1931)
• 2017 – Miltos Papapostolu, Ancient Greek football player and manager (b. 1935)
• 2017 – Jeff Sauer, American former ice hockey player and coach (b. 1943)
• 2017 – Ruan Posheng, Chinese politician and bureaucrat (d. 1916)
• 2018 – Dave Barrett, Canadian politician (b. 1930)
• 2018 – John Huntsman Sr., American Businessman and philanthropist (b. 1937)
• 2018 – Ole Thestrup, Danish actor (b. 1948)
• 2019 – Catherine Burns, American stage, film, radio and television actress (b. 1945)
• 2019 – Walter James Edyvean, American Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1938)
• 2019 – Carol Emshwiller, American author (b. 1921)
• 2020 – Bernard Ebbers, Canadian-American businessman and convict (b. 1941)
• 2020 – Mad Mike Hoare, Irish soldier, adventurer, and mercenary (b. 1919)
• 2020 – Mike Moore, New Zealand politician, trade unionist and author (b. 1949)
• 2021 – Cecilia Guimarães, Portuguese actress (b. 1927)
• 2021 – Millie Hughes-Fulford, American medical researcher, molecular biologist, and NASA upload specialist (b. 1945)
• 2021 – Tom Moore, veteran of the British Army (b. 1920)
• 2021 – Fausta Morganti was one of two regents of San Marino (b. 1944)
• 2022 – Monica Vitti, Italian film and TV actress (b. 1931)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Wetlands Day