Today in History: Rhodes Island was Conquered by Suleiman the Magnificent

January 2 is the 2nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 363 days left until the end of the year (364 in leap years).

Events

• 1523 – Rhodes Island was conquered by Suleiman the Magnificent.
• 1757 – The United Kingdom captures Calcutta (India).
• 1839 - French photographer Louis Daguerre, one of the inventors of photography, took the first photograph of the Moon.
• 1870 - Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began.
• 1905 – In the Russo-Japanese War, the Russian base Port Arthur in China surrenders to the Imperial Japanese Navy under Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō. A series of defeats began that led to the collapse of the Russian Empire and opened the door to the Revolution of 1905.
• 1924 – Journalists tried in the Istanbul Independence Court were acquitted. Journalists and Istanbul Bar Association President Lütfi Fikri Bey were accused of violating the Law of Treason. While the journalists were acquitted, Lütfi Fikri Bey was sentenced to 5 years of hard labor.
• 1935 – There was an earthquake in Marmara Island and Erdek; 5 people died, 600 buildings were damaged.
• 1935 – Surname Law came into effect in Turkey.
• 1942 – II. World War II: Manila is occupied by Japanese forces.
• 1951 – Turkey, Netherlands and Brazil were elected as new members of the United Nations Security Council.
• 1955 - Panamanian President José Antonio Remón Cantera is assassinated.
• 1959 - Fidel Castro becomes the leader of Cuba.
• 1959 - The USSR launched the spacecraft "Luna 1". “Luna 1” will be the first spacecraft to reach the limits of the Moon and orbit the Sun.
• 1968 – Dr. Christiaan Barnard performed her second heart transplant surgery in Cape Town, South Africa.
• 1971 – Cenan Bıçakçı and his friends, who left the Workers' Party of Turkey (TIP), announced that they had established a new organization called the Independent Socialists of Turkey Union.
• 1975 – Charlie Chaplin (Charlo) is given the title "Sir" in the United Kingdom.
• 1979 – With the joint work of Turkish and American archaeologists for five years, the world's first Islamic shipwreck was found in the Aegean Sea.
• 1980 – The Process Leading to the 12 September 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979 - 12 September 1980): Chief of General Staff Gen. Kenan Evren, to Korkut Özal, who came to meet him, “They are disturbed by Necmettin Erbakan's slippery policy, that religion should not be used as a political tool” told.
• 1980 – The Process Leading to the 12 September 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979 - 12 September 1980): The 27 December Memorandum given by the TAF was announced to the public by the Presidency.
• 1985 – The United States officially left the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
• 1990 – Sinan Kukul, one of the important names of the Revolutionary-Left organization, escaped from Metris Prison.
• 1992 – Twenty people died and fifteen were injured as a result of avalanche in Yüksekova district of Hakkari.
• 1993 – Mehmetçik in Somalia: Turkish Armed Forces set foot on the territory of a foreign country for the second time after 43 years, upon the call of the UN.
• 1995 – Former Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (İSKİ) General Manager Ergun Göknel's 8,5-year prison sentence became final.
• 2001 – Istanbul State Security Court No. 1 decided to arrest Cavit Çağlar, the former owner of Interbank, in absentia as part of the Egebank investigation. (Turkish Interpol issued a red notice about Çağlar on January 5.)
• 2003 – The draft, which envisages amendments in some laws within the framework of compliance with the Copenhagen criteria and the Constitution, was accepted in the Parliament. According to the law, a 5/3 majority will be sought in cases of closure of political parties. Penalties for torture and ill-treatment cannot be converted into fines. The Constitutional Court may decide to deprive the political party of state aid. Community foundations can acquire property. Journalists cannot be compelled to disclose their news sources.
• 2006 – Roof of an ice rink collapsed in Bavaria (Germany): 15 people died.
• 2007 – A funeral ceremony was held for Gerald Ford, one of the former Presidents of the USA, who died at the age of 93, at the Washington National Cathedral.
• 2007 – Six mountaineers of METU Mountaineering Club, Utku Kocabıyık and Seza Bürkan Yüksel, who were stranded on January 1 during the ascent of Demirkazık summit in Niğde Aladağlar, died and four climbers were rescued.

Births

• 869 – Yōzei, 57th Emperor of Japan (d. 949)
• 1642 – IV. Mehmed, 19th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1693)
• 1699 – III. Osman, 25th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1757)
• 1727 James Wolfe, British officer (d. 1759)
• 1752 – Philip Freneau, American poet, nationalist, polemicist, ship captain, and newspaper editor (d. 1832)
• 1767 – II. Beşir Şihab, Ottoman Emir of Lebanon (d. 1850)
• 1822 – Rudolf Clausius, German physicist (d. 1888)
• 1824 – Atiye Sultan, II. Mahmud's daughter (d. 1850)
• 1827 – Nükhetseza Hanım, ninth wife of Abdülmecid (d. 1850)
• 1834 – Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, German dog breeder (d. 1894)
• 1834 – Vasily Perov, Russian painter (d. 1882)
• 1852 – Abdulhak Hamit Tarhan, Turkish poet and diplomat (Makber ve Eshber known for his works such as) (d. 1937)
• 1866 – Emsalinur Kadınefendi, II. Abdulhamid's seventh wife (d. 1952)
• 1870 – Ernst Barlach, German expressionist sculptor and writer (d. 1938)
• 1873 – Antonie Pannekoek, Dutch astronomer, Marxist theorist, and revolutionary (d. 1960)
• 1873 – Teresa of Lisieux, French Discalted Carmelite nun and mystic (d. 1897)
• 1880 – Louis Charles Bréguet, French pilot, aircraft designer, and industrialist (founder of Air France) (d. 1955)
• 1880 – Vasily Degtyaryov, Russian weapons designer (d. 1949)
• 1882 Benjamin Jones, British cyclist (d. 1963)
• 1884 – Jack Greenwell, English football player and manager (d. 1942)
• 1886 Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel, German officer (d. 1944)
• 1891 – Giovanni Michelucci, Italian architect, urban planner, and engraver (d. 1990)
• 1895 – Folke Bernadotte, Swedish soldier, human rights activist, and diplomat (d. 1948)
• 1896 – Dziga Vertov, Russian film director and film theorist (d. 1954)
• 1897 – Gaston Monnerville, French politician (d. 1991)
• 1899 – Burhan Belge, Turkish diplomat, politician and journalist (d. 1967)
• 1900 – Józef Klotz, Polish football player (d. 1941)
• 1902 – Safiye Erol, Turkish writer (d. 1964)
• 1903 – Kane Tanaka, world's oldest person (d. 2022)
• 1904 – Walter Heitler, German physicist (d. 1981)
• 1904 – Walther Hewel, German diplomat (d. 1945)
• 1920 – Isaac Asimov, American author and biochemist (d. 1992)
• 1920 – Nobuyuki Kato, Japanese football player
• 1922 – Blaga Dimitrova, Bulgarian poet (d. 2003)
• 1922 – Maurice Faure, French politician and resistance activist (d. 2014)
• 1924 – Guillermo Suárez Mason, Argentine general (d. 2005)
• 1924 – Sacit Seldüz, Turkish basketball player, volleyball player and trainer (d. 2018)
• 1925 – Michael Tippett, British opera and western classical composer (d. 1998)
• 1926 – Gino Marchetti, American football player (d. 2019)
• 1928 – Tamio Ōki, Japanese actor, voice actor, and storyteller (d. 2017)
• 1929 – Yılmaz Gündüz, Turkish basketball player, football player, director, producer, screenwriter and actor (d. 1997)
• 1931 – Jaroslav Weigel, Czech actor, playwright, comic artist and painter (d. 2019)
• 1937 – Afet Ilgaz, Turkish writer (d. 2015)
• 1938 – Robert Smithson, American land artist (d. 1973)
• 1940 – Saud al-Faisal, Saudi politician and prince (d. 2015)
• 1942 – Thomas Hammarberg, Swedish diplomat and human rights activist
• 1943 – Barış Manço, Turkish musician, composer and singer (d. 1999)
• 1943 – Filiz Akin, Turkish actress
• 1943 – Janet Akyüz Mattei, American astronomer (d. 2004)
• 1944 – Baykal Kent, Turkish theater and film actor (d. 2012)
• 1944 – Siraj Sikder, Bangladeshi communist politician (d. 1975)
• 1946 – Ersin Burak, Turkish cartoonist and comics artist
• 1948 – Akin Birdal, Turkish politician
• 1957 – Fehmi Demir, Turkish politician and Chairman of the Rights and Freedoms Party (d. 2015)
• 1961 – Gabrielle Carteris, an American actress
• 1964 – Pernell Whitaker, American professional boxer (d. 2019)
• 1968 – Cuba Gooding, Jr., American actor and winner of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
• 1969 – Yavuz Seçkin, Turkish radio-TV programmer and actor
• 1970 – Raymond Ebanks, Finnish musician and rapper
• 1976 – Hrysopiyi Devetzi, Greek athlete
• 1976 – Paz Vega, Spanish actor
• 1977 – Ahu Türkpençe, Turkish actress
• 1979 – Mahir Bayrak, Turkish basketball player
• 1979 – Jonathan Greening, English football player
• 1979 – Çağla Şikel, Turkish actress, presenter and model
• 1981 – Maxi Rodriguez, Argentine football player
• 1983 - Kate Bosworth, American actress
• 1986 – Ediz Bahtiyaroğlu, Turkish-Bosnian football player (d. 2012)
• 1987 – Lauren Storm, American actress
• 1987 – Loui Batley, English actor
• 1987 – Shelley Hennig, American actress and model
• 1991 – Luis Pedro Cavanda, Angolan footballer
• 1991 – Ömer Alimoğlu, Turkish shooter
• 1992 – Paulo Gazzaniga, Argentine football player
• 1993 – Bryson Tiller, American singer-songwriter
• 1997 – Melis Sezen, Turkish actress
• 1998 – Ragnhild Valle Dahl, Norwegian handball player
• 1998 – Timothy Fosu-Mensah, Dutch football player
• 1999 – Sina Ulbe, Turkish basketball player

Deaths

• 1109 – Bertrand de Blanchefort was the sixth Grand Master of the Templars from 1156 until his death in 1169 (d. 1169)
• 1184 – Theodora Komnene, daughter of Andronikos Komnenos and Irene (?Aineiadissa) (b. ?)
• 1557 – Pontormo, Mannerist painter (b. 1494)
• 1819 – Maria Luisa of Parma, Queen of Spain (b. 1751)
• 1853 – Nesrin Hanım, the eleventh wife of Abdülmecid (b. 1826)
• 1861 – IV. Friedrich Wilhelm, King of Prussia (b. 1795)
• 1891 – Alexander William Kinglake, English statesman and historian (b. 1809)
• 1896 – Walthère Frère-Orban, Belgian politician and statesman (b. 1812)
• 1915 – Armand Peugeot, French industrialist (b. 1849)
• 1917 – Edward Burnett Tylor, English anthropologist (b. 1832)
• 1920 – Paul Adam, French writer‎ (b. 1862)
• 1924 – Sabine Baring-Gould, English Anglican priest and novelist (b. 1834)
• 1939 – Roman Dmowski, Polish statesman (b. 1864)
• 1953 – Guccio Gucci, Italian businessman and fashion designer (b. 1881)
• 1955 – José Antonio Remón Cantera, President of Panama (b. 1908)
• 1963 – Dick Powell, American actor (b. 1904)
• 1963 – Jack Carson, Canadian-American film actor (b. 1910)
• 1974 – Neva Gerber, American actress (b. 1894)
• 1980 – Mustafa Nihat Özön, Turkish literary historian, writer, educator and translator (b. 1896)
• 1981 – Eflatun Cem Güney, Turkish folklore researcher and storyteller (b. 1896)
• 1986 – Una Merkel, American theater, film, radio and television actress (b. 1903)
• 1995 – Siad Barre, President of the Democratic Republic of Somalia (b. 1919)
• 1995 – Nancy Kelly, American actress (b. 1921)
• 1996 – Karl Rappan, Austrian football player and manager (b. 1905)
• 2001 – William P. Rogers, American politician, diplomat, and lawyer (b. 1913)
• 2003 – Melih Birsel, Turkish architect (b. 1920)
• 2005 – Maclyn McCarty, American geneticist (b. 1911)
• 2006 – Juan Ambou, Spanish communist revolutionary and politician, member of the Spanish Communist Party (b. 1910)
• 2007 – Teddy Kollek, Israeli politician (b. 1911)

• 2009 – Ryuzo Hiraki, Japanese football player (b. 1931)
• 2011 – Anne Francis, American actress (b. 1930)
• 2011 – Pete Postlethwaite, English stage and film actor (b. 1946)
• 2012 – Anatoli Kolesov, Soviet Greco-Roman wrestler and coach (b. 1938)
• 2012 – Ioan Drăgan, Romanian football player (b. 1965)
• 2012 – Otto Scrinzi, Austrian neurologist, journalist and far-right politician (b. 1918)
• 2012 – Tuncer Sevi, Turkish theater and film actor (b. 1942)
• 2013 – Ladislao Mazurkiewicz, Uruguayan football player and manager (b. 1945)
• 2013 – Stephen Resnick, American economist (b. 1938)
• 2014 – Bernard Glasser, American film producer and director (b. 1924)
• 2014 – Dirk Sager, German journalist and author (b. 1940)
• 2014 – Jeanne Brabants, Belgian dancer, choreographer and teacher (b. 1920)
• 2015 – Abu Anas al-Libi, chief of Libyan al-Qaeda (b. 1964)
• 2015 – Lam Po-chuen, Hong Kong actor (b. 1951)
• 2015 – Little Jimmy Dickens, American country singer (b. 1920)
• 2015 – Noel Cobb, American-British philosopher, psychiatrist, and author (b. 1938)
• 2015 – Roger Kitter, English actor and stand up comedian (b. 1949)
• 2016 – Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan, Indian communist politician (b. 1924)
• 2016 – Brad Fuller, American composer and sound engineer (b. 1953)
• 2016 – Faris ez-Zehrani, Saudi al-Qaeda member (b. 1977)
• 2016 – Frances Cress Welsing, American female Africanist and psychiatrist (b. 1935)
• 2016 – Gisela Mota Ocampo, Mexican female politician (b. 1982)
• 2016 – Nimr Baqir al-Nimr, Saudi Arabian Shiite cleric, sheikh, and ayatollah (b. 1959)
• 2016 – Marcel Barbeau, Canadian artist (b. 1925)
• 2016 – Maria Garbowska-Kierczyńska, Polish actress (b. 1922)
• 2016 – Matt Hobden, English cricketer (b. 1993)
• 2016 – Michel Delpech, French singer, composer and actor (b. 1946)
• 2016 – Sabri twentybeşoğlu, Turkish soldier (b. 1928)
• 2017 – Albert Brewer, American politician (b. 1928)
• 2017 – Enzo Benedetti, Italian football player and manager (b. 1931)
• 2017 – François Chérèque, French executive and labor rights activist (b. 1956)
• 2017 – John Berger, English writer and art critic (b. 1926)
• 2017 – René Ballet, French journalist and author (b. 1928)
• 2017 – Richard Machowicz, American documentary filmmaker, presenter, actor, stuntman, and author (b. 1965)
• 2017 – Viktor Tsaryov, Russian-born Soviet national football player (b. 1931)
• 2017 – Jean Vuarnet, French skier (b. 1933)^[1]
• 2018 – Alan Roy Deakin, English football player (b. 1941)
• 2018 – Ferdinando Imposimato, Italian lawyer, activist, judge and politician (b. 1936)
• 2018 – Frank Buxton, American actor, voice actor, writer, and television director (b. 1930)
• 2018 – Giovanni Di Clemente, Italian filmmaker and director (b. 1948)
• 2018 – Michael Pfeiffer, German football player and manager (b. 1925)
• 2018 – Thomas S. Monson, American Mormon (16th President and Prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) (b. 1927)
• 2019 – Bob Einstein, American comedian and actor (b. 1942)
• 2019 – Daryl Dragon, American musician songwriter and record producer (b. 1942)
• 2019 – Gene Okerlund, American Professional Wrestling host (b. 1942)
• 2019 – Gu Fangzhou, Chinese medical scientist (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Jerzy Turonek, Polish-Belarusian historian and writer (b. 1929)
• 2019 – Malcolm Beard, American politician (b. 1919)
• 2019 – Marko Nikolić, Serbian actor (b. 1946)
• 2019 – Paulien van Deutekom, Dutch female speed skater (b. 1981)
• 2019 – Ramakant Achrekar, Indian cricketer and coach (b. 1932)
• 2019 – Salvador Martínez Pérez, Mexican Catholic Bishop (b. 1933)
• 2020 – Bogusław Polch, Polish comics artist (b. 1941)
• 2020 – Élisabeth Rappeneau, French film director and screenwriter (b. 1940)
• 2020 – Fazilatunnesa Bappy, Bangladeshi lawyer and politician (b. 1970)
• 2020 – John Baldessari, American artist (b. 1931)
• 2020 – Mohamed Salah Dembri, Algerian politician and diplomat (b. 1938)
• 2020 – Nick Fish, American politician and lawyer (b. 1958)
• 2020 – Shen Yi-ming, Taiwanese soldier and politician (b. 1957)
• 2020 – Veronika Fitz, German actress (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Yukiko Miyake, Japanese female politician (b. 1965)
• 2021 – Alex Asmasoebrata, Indonesian politician and speedway driver (b. 1951)
• 2021 – Arsenio Lope Huerta, Spanish lawyer, politician, writer and economist (b. 1943)
• 2021 – Aylin Özmenek, Turkish radio and TV presenter (b. 1942)
• 2021 – Bernadette Isaac-Sabille, French woman politician (b. 1930)
• 2021 – Buta Singh, Indian politician (b. 1934)
• 2021 – Cléber Eduardo Arado, Brazilian football player (b. 1972)
• 2021 – Guadalupe Grande, Spanish poet, writer, educator, and critic (b. 1965)
• 2021 – Lady Mary Colman, English noble and philanthropist (b. 1932)
• 2021 – Marco Formentini, Italian politician (b. 1930)
• 2021 – Mary Catherine Bateson, American cultural anthropologist, educator, and author (b. 1939)
• 2021 – Mike Reese, American politician (b. 1978)
• 2021 – Modibo Keita, Malian politician (b. 1942)
• 2021 – Vladimir Korenev, Soviet-Russian actor and educator (b. 1940)
• 2021 – Wahit Hamed, Egyptian screenwriter (b. 1944)
• 2021 – Yuri Sauh, Soviet-Russian football player and manager (b. 1951)
• 2022 – Charles Njonjo, Kenyan lawyer and politician (1920)
• 2022 – Richard Leakey, Kenyan paleoanthropologist (b.1944)