Today in History: One More Step in Manned Moon Voyages; Apollo 14 Launched

January 31 is the 31nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. There are 334 days left until the end of the year (335 in leap years).

Railways

• 31 January 1927 Ankara Station Hotel and Restaurant Patisserie was opened.
• 31 January 2009 Şişhane and Atatürk Auto Industry extensions started to serve.

Events

• 1729 – The first book in Turkey, the dictionary named Sıhahi Cevheri (Vankulu) written by Mehmet Bin Mustafa (Vanlı) was published. İbrahim Müteferrika had established the first Turkish printing house in his mansion in Sultanselim, Istanbul.
• 1747 – The first venereal diseases clinic opens in London.
• 1790 – Ottoman-Prussian alliance.
• 1865 - The U.S. House of Representatives passes a law outlawing slavery.
• 1876 ​​- In the USA, all Indians in the country were forced to live in special areas reserved for them, called the Indian reservation.
• 1915 – World War I: Germany used poison gas against the Russians.
• 1927 – Allied control over Germany ends; Thereafter, the League of Nations will oversee the rearmament of Germany.
• 1928 – Turkish Education Association (TED) was founded in Ankara.
• 1928 – 30 opposition leaders in the Soviet Union were exiled to Almaty. Among those who went into exile was Leon Trotsky.
• 1930 - The scotch tape was introduced to the market by the 3M company.
• 1931 – The Ministry of Customs and Monopoly was established.
• 1931 – Culture magazine, Illustrated Moon closed.
• 1931 – The Editor-in-Chief Arif Oruç and the Editor-in-Chief of the Yarim newspaper were sentenced to more than one year in prison each in Izmit.
• 1934 – Nâzım Hikmet, Nail Vahtedi, Tosun Ömer and Yonga Ömer were sentenced to five years in prison.
• 1938 – Atatürk opened an artificial silk factory in Gemlik.
• 1942 - Students were banned from smoking and wearing engagement rings.
• 1943 – At the Battle of Stalingrad, Nazi Germany's 6th Army Commander, Generalfeldmarschall Friedrich Paulus, surrenders to the Soviet troops.
• 1946 – According to the new Yugoslav Constitution inspired by the USSR, the country consists of six republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia.
• 1950 - United States President Harry S. Truman announced that they were running a hydrogen bomb development program.
• 1952 – During the official visit of Greek Foreign Minister Sofoklis Venizelos to Turkey, it was decided to establish the Turkish- Greek Friendship Association.
• 1953 - More than 1800 people died in the North Sea floods in the Netherlands alone.
• 1956 – The law on “Registration of non-lineage children” was passed in the Parliament.
• 1956 - Guy Mollet becomes Prime Minister of France.
• 1958 – Explorer 1, the first successful United States satellite, entered orbit around Earth.
• 1961 - Israeli Prime Minister David Ben Gurion resigns.
• 1961 – Ahmet Emin Yalman, Homeland He left the newspaper.
• 1964 – The III. The London Conference broke up without any results after 15 days of work.
• 1965 – Ministry of Health made a statement; The average human lifespan in Turkey is 33 years.
• 1966 – 2400 workers went on strike at Paşabahçe Bottle and Glass Factory.
• 1968 – Vietcong launches a major offensive; The American Embassy in Saigon was occupied for 6 hours.
• 1968 – TRT Ankara Television started trial broadcasting.
• 1971 – Another step in manned lunar voyages; Apollo 14 was launched. Mission astronauts: Alan Shepard, Edgar Mitchell and Stuart Roosa.
• 1973 – Cetin Altan was asked to be imprisoned for 4,5 years; 3 police officers who beat cartoonist Turhan Selçuk were sentenced to prison.
• 1973 – The law on the establishment of State Security Courts was passed.
• 1974 – Halil Tunç was elected as the Chairman of Türk-İş, which was vacated by the death of Seyfi Demirsoy.
• 1976 – Progressive Women's Association (İKD) organized the “End the child's suffering” rally in Ankara. 5 thousand people attended the rally.
• 1978 – 20 thousand unpaid miners in Zonguldak started resistance.
• 1980 – Tariş events: The resistance in Tariş ended, the workers returned to work. On January 22, security forces tried to enter Tariş enterprises on the grounds of making a search, and 600 workers were detained.
• 1985 – Prime Minister Turgut Özal announced that a thermal power plant would be established in Gökova.
• 1986 – Police officer Sedat Caner, who confessed to torture, surrendered to Ankara Public Prosecutor's Office.
• 1986 – Social-Democratic Populist Party (SHP) İçel Deputy Fikri Sağlar said that more than 5 people were “missing” in 800 years in Turkey.
• 1990 – Muammer Aksoy, President of Atatürkist Thought Association and Turkish Law Institution, was shot dead in front of his house in Ankara at the age of 73.
• 1990 – USSR chess champion Gary Kasparov defeats compatriot Anatoli Karpov to become world chess champion.
• 1990 – The first McDonald's was opened in Moscow.
• 1996 – A truck loaded with explosives explodes after slamming into the doors of the Central Bank of Colombo (Sri Lanka): at least 86 people are killed and 1400 injured.
• 2000 – A passenger plane belonging to Alaska Airlines crashes into the Pacific Ocean: 88 people are killed.
• 2004 – 6 zeros from TL and Turkish State currency New Turkish Lira The law, which envisages that, was published in the Official Gazette.
• 2005 – A lawsuit was filed against the world-famous pop star, Michael Jackson, for molesting a 13-year-old boy.
• 2005 – Turkish troops in Afghanistan take charge of the international airport in Kabul.
• 2006 – İrfan Dündar, one of Abdullah Öcalan's lawyers, stated that he submitted his client's petition for a retrial to the Ankara 11th High Criminal Court, which is authorized in this regard.
• 2008 – In the incident that occurred when sparklers burned and exploded the natural gas boiler in an unlicensed building in Zeytinburnu district of Istanbul, 23 people died and 120 people were injured.
• 2019 – Wrapped Bitcoin is launched.
• 2020 – The United Kingdom leaves the European Union.

Births

• 1543 – Tokugawa Ieyasu, one of the most important shōguns (military rulers) of medieval Japan (d. 1616)
• 1620 – Georg Friedrich, German and Dutch field marshal (d. 1692)
• 1624 – Arnold Geulincx, French Cartesian thinker (d. 1669)
• 1763 – Jens Esmark, Danish-Norwegian professor of mineralogy (d. 1839)
• 1769 – André-Jacques Garnerin, French aviator and inventor of the rimless parachute (d. 1823)
• 1797 – Franz Schubert, Austrian composer (d. 1828)
• 1799 – Rodolphe Töpffer, Swiss author, teacher, painter, cartoonist, and comic (d. 1846)
• 1858 – André Antoine, French actor, film director, writer, critic (d. 1943)
• 1865 – Henri Desgrange, French racing cyclist and sportscaster (d. 1940)
• 1868 – Theodore Richards, American chemist (d. 1928)
• 1869 – Henri Carton de Wiart, 23rd Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1951)
• 1869 Wilhelm Heye, German soldier (d. 1947)
• 1881 – Irving Langmuir, American Nobel Prize-winning chemist (d. 1957)
• 1884 – Mehmed Emin Resulzade, founder of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (d. 1955)
• 1884 – Theodor Heuss, first President of West Germany (d. 1963)
• 1892 – Eddie Cantor, American singer, comedian, dancer, and actor (d. 1964)
• 1893 – Arkady Plastov, Russian Soviet painter, one of the pioneers of the socialist realism movement (d. 1972)
• 1894 – Kurt Blome, Nazi scientist (d. 1969)
• 1896 – Sofia Yanovskaya, Soviet mathematician and historian (d. 1966)
• 1907 – John O'Hara, American author (d. 1970)
• 1910 – Faruk Kenç, Turkish film director (d. 2000)
• 1911 – Baba Vanga, Bulgarian female priest (d. 1996)
• 1918 – Kerim Korcan, Turkish writer (d. 1990)
• 1923 – Norman Mailer, American novelist and Pulitzer Prize winner (d. 2007)
• 1923 – Adela Forestello, Argentine human rights activist
• 1929 – Jean Simmons, English-American actress and voice actor (d. 2010)
• 1929 – Rudolf Mössbauer, German physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (d. 2011)
• 1933 – Bernardo Provenzano, Italian crime lord (d. 2016)
• 1934 – Mohammed Taki Misbah Yazdi, Iranian politician (d. 2021)
• 1935 – Kenzaburo Oe, Japanese novelist and Nobel Prize laureate
• 1936 – Can Bartu, Turkish football player (Fenerbahce legendary football player) (d. 2019)
• 1937 – Philip Glass, American composer
• 1937 – Suzanne Pleshette, American actress (d. 2008)
• 1938 – Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands
• 1942 – Derek Jarman, English film director (d. 1994)
• 1942 – Zeynep Kerman, Turkish literature researcher and academic
• 1945 – Temel Gürsu, Turkish director, producer, screenwriter, actor and voice actor
• 1947 – Bernard Guignedoux, French football player and manager (d. 2021)
• 1951 – Selma Güneri, Turkish cinema and sound artist
• 1961 – Fatih Kısaparmak, Turkish composer and performer
• 1961 – Filiz Kerestecioğlu, Turkish lawyer and politician
• 1961 – Latif Demirci, Turkish cartoonist
• 1963 – Ergün Poyraz, Turkish research writer
• 1964 – Jeff Hanneman, American musician and guitarist of the band Slayer (d. 2013)
• 1966 – Anne Berge, Norwegian skier
• 1970 – Minnie Driver, English actress and singer
• 1971 – Patricia Velásquez, Venezuelan actress and model
• 1973 – Amanda Lee Rogers, Austrian former actress
• 1975 – Preity Zinta, One of the Bollywood (Indian Cinema) actors
• 1977 – Kerry Washington is an American actress.
• 1980 – James Adomian, British-born American actor
• 1981 – Justin Timberlake, American pop singer and actor
• 1982 - Salvatore Masiello, Italian football player
• 1982 – Allan James McGregor, Scottish goalkeeper
• 1982 – Elena Paparizou, Greek singer

Deaths

• 1398 – Sukō, third Northern Claimant during the Nanboku-chō period in Japan (b. 1334)
• 1435 – Xuande, fifth emperor of China's Ming Dynasty (b. 1399)
• 1606 – Guy Fawkes, English rebel soldier (b. 1570)
• 1644 – Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha, Ottoman statesman (b. ?)
• 1788 – Charles Edward Stuart, second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland (b. 1720)
• 1828 – Alexandros Ipsilantis, Greek commander (b. 1792)
• 1854 – Silvio Pellico, Italian patriot, poet, and playwright (b. 1788)
• 1882 – James Spriggs Payne, Liberian politician (b. 1819)
• 1888 – Giovanni Bosco, Italian educator, author, and Catholic priest (b. 1815)
• 1914 – Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem, Turkish writer (b. 1847)
• 1915 – ‎Alan Lomax‎‎, American historian, author, and academic‎ (b. 2002)
• 1945 – Eddie Slovik, American privateer (the only US soldier executed for desertion during World War II) (b. 1920)
• 1946 – İsmail Hakkı İzmirli, Turkish philosopher and historian of Islamic philosophy (b. 1869)
• 1954 – Edwin Armstrong, American electrical engineer and inventor (b. 1890)
• 1956 – AA Milne, English writer (b. 1882)
• 1969 – Stoyan Zagorchinov, Bulgarian writer (b. 1889)
• 1973 – Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch, Norwegian economist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
• 1974 – Samuel Goldwyn, American filmmaker (b. 1882)
• 1974 – Ekrem Cemilpaşa, Kurdish politician (b. 1891)
• 1982 – Melih Vassaf, Turkish critic and playwright (b. 1927)
• 1984 – Pembe Marmara, Turkish Cypriot poet (b. 1925)
• 1990 – Muammer Aksoy, Turkish lawyer and politician (b. 1917)
• 2005 – İsmail Hakkı Şen, Turkish actor (b. 1927)
• 2006 – Moira Shearer, Scottish actress and ballerina (b. 1926)
• 2006 – George Koval, American spy, scientist, and candidate (b. 1913)
• 2013 – Hassan Habibi, Iranian politician, lawyer, and academic (b. 1937)
• 2014 – Miklós Jancsó, Hungarian film director (b. 1921)
• 2015 – Tomás Bulat, Argentine economist, journalist and writer (b. 1964)
• 2016 – Celal Aliyev, Azerbaijani academician, biologist and politician (b. 1928)
• 2016 – Ülkü Ülker, Turkish actress and singer (b. 1950)
• 2016 – Terry Wogan, Irish radio and television actor (b. 1938)
• 2017 – Thomas Barlow, American politician (b. 1940)
• 2017 – John Wetton, English singer, musician, bassist and guitarist (b. 1949)
• 2017 – Tokitenkū Yoshiaki, Mongolian sumo wrestler (b. 1979)
• 2018 – Rasual Butler, American basketball player (b. 1979)
• 2018 – Erwin de Vries, Surinamese painter and sculptor (b. 1929)
• 2018 – Ann Gillis, American actress (b. 1927)
• 2018 – Leonid Kadenyuk, test pilot, first astronaut of Independent Ukraine (b. 1951)
• 2018 – Olavi Mäenpää, Finnish politician and former party chairman (b. 1950)
• 2019 – Candice Earley, American actress (b. 1950)
• 2019 – A. Ernest Fitzgerald, American engineer and author (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Kálmán Ihász, Hungarian former football player (b. 1941)
• 2019 – Ron Joyce, Canadian billionaire businessman and philanthropist (b. 1930)
• 2019 – Johnny Lion, Dutch singer, journalist and actor (b. 1941)
• 2019 – Pierre Nanterme, French executive and businessperson (b. 1959)
• 2019 – Georges Sarre, French politician (b. 1935)
• 2020 – Mary Higgins Clark, American short story writer and novelist (b. 1927)
• 2020 – Khaled Bishara, Egyptian executive and businessman (b. 1971)
• 2020 – Mirza Hazar, Azerbaijani writer, political analyst, announcer, radio broadcaster, broadcaster (b. 1947)
• 2020 – Dalip Kaur Tiwana, Indian novelist, scholar and short story writer (b. 1935)
• 2021 – Zoila Águila Almeida, Cuban revolutionary and political convict (b. 1939)
• 2021 – Douglas Bravo, Venezuelan politician and leader of the resistance organization (b. 1932)
• 2021 – Alejandro Gómez, Spanish long-distance runner (b. 1967)
• 2021 – Andrej Hryc, Slovak actor (b. 1949)
• 2021 – Tozama Mantashe, South African politician (b. 1960)
• 2021 – Michel Murr, Lebanese businessman and politician (b. 1932)
• 2021 – Yitzchok Scheiner, United States-born Israeli rabbi (b. 1922)
• 2021 – Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik, Belarusian-born Israeli Haredi rabbi and rosh yeshiva (b. 1921)
• 2021 – Abraham J. Twerski, United States-born Hasidic rabbi and scholar (b. 1930)
• 2022 – Ekkehardt Belle, German actor (b. 1954)
• 2022 – Pierre Bellon, French billionaire businessman (b. 1930)
• 2022 – Onésimo Cepeda Silva, Mexican Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1937)

Holidays and special occasions

• Storm: Fish Storm