Today in History: Fidel Castro Lands in Cuba on the Granma Yacht

December 2 is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 29.

Railways

• 2 December 1861 The concession granted for the Rumeli railway was terminated because the provisions of the contract were not fulfilled.

Events

• 1244 – Pope Innocent IV arrives in Lyon for the First Council of Lyon.
• 1409 – The University of Leipzig was founded.
• 1697 – Rebuilt after the Great Fire of London to Sir Christopher Wren's design, St. Paul's Cathedral was consecrated and reopened.
• 1763 - Touro Synagogue in Rhode Island is dedicated for use. (The first known synagogue to operate in the United States.)
• 1766 - The Swedish parliament approves the Swedish Press Freedom Act and implements it as a base law. (Assumed as a world first step towards freedom of speech.)
• 1804 - Napoleon BonaparteHe was crowned Emperor of France at a ceremony attended by the Pope at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris.
• 1805 – War of the Third Coalition – Battle of Austerlitz: French military units under Napoleon decisively defeat a joint Russo-Austrian alliance.
• 1823 – The Monroe Doctrine: In his 'State of the Union' message, US President James Monroe proclaimed US neutrality in future European conflicts and warned European powers not to interfere with America.
• 1848 - Franz Joseph becomes Emperor of Austria.
• 1852 – III. Napoleon was proclaimed Emperor in France.
• 1873 – Considered as Turkey's first stock exchange Dersaadet Bond Exchange opened.
• 1901 - The razor was patented by King Camp Gillette.
• 1908 - Child Emperor Puyi ascended the throne at the age of 2 in China.
• 1909 - Leo Hendrik Baekeland patents the first artificial plastic "bakelite".
• 1909 – French Baron Cathers made the first airplane show in the Ottoman Empire. The plane landed from Şişli Hürriyet Ebediye Hill to the Bulgarian Hospital.
• 1914 – Austria occupied Belgrade.
• 1918 – Armenia declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
• 1918 – Thrace-Pashaeli Defense of Rights Society was founded by Mehmed Talat Pasha in Edirne. The society, which is pro-Turkish National Movement, was supported by Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa, of which Talat Pasha was a member.
• 1920 – Gyumri Treaty signed between Turkey and Armenia. Kars was taken from Armenia.
• 1928 – The Spelling Dictionary prepared by Celâl Sahir Erozan was published.
• 1942 - Chicago scientists perform the first controlled atomic chain reaction.
• 1943 – Taxpayers who could not pay the Wealth Tax, 87 percent of which were non-Muslim minorities, were sent to labor camps to "pay their debts by working physically". It was decided to release those in the camps.
• 1949 – A theater company from Greece performed in Istanbul for Cevat Fehmi Başkut. recess staged his play.
• 1956 - Fidel Castro landed in Cuba on the Granma yacht.
• 1956 – Sarıyar Dam, located 120 km northeast of Ankara, was opened.
• 1961 - Cuban leader Fidel Castro declares himself a Marxist-Leninist who will lead Cuba to communism.
• 1963 – Karadeniz Technical University was opened in Trabzon.
• 1963 – Head of Turkey's first coalition government, İsmet İnönü, resigned from his position as Prime Minister, which he assumed for the first time in 24 years.
• 1965 – Air pollution in Ankara is at dangerous levels: Scientific circles declared that the cancer risk of someone who has lived in Ankara for 20 years is very high.
• 1971 – The United Arab Emirates gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1974 – After the Keban and Gökçekaya Hydroelectric Power Plants and the Seyitömer Thermal Power Plant's three units malfunctioned at the same time, a 1,5-hour electricity restriction was started every day in Turkey.
• 1981 – 450 faculty members from Istanbul Technical University made a statement against the Higher Education Law.
• 1981 – Hülya Koçyiğit received the “Best Actress” award for her role in the movie “Kurbağalar” at the 3 Continents Film Festival in France.
• 1982 – Dr. The first artificial heart developed by Robert K. Jarvik was implanted in a patient named Barney Clark.
• 1988 - Benazir Bhutto was sworn in as Prime Minister of Pakistan.
• 1993 – Colombian drug dealer Pablo Escobar was killed by security forces in Medellín.
• 2002 – Supreme Election Board (YSK) canceled the parliamentary election held in Siirt on 3 November 2002. Concluding that the shortcomings in the election procedures were effective in the election results, YSK unanimously decided to renew the election in Siirt.
• 2003 – The 11th Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court of Appeals unanimously approved the sentence of 2 years and 4 months in prison for Necmettin Erbakan, the Chairman of the Welfare Party, which was closed in the lost trillion case, on charges of “forgery of private documents”.
• 2015 – Russia announced that the oil produced as a result of the oil production of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant was purchased by Turkey. The statement also stated that President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his family are also involved in this trade.

Births

• 1612 – Janusz Radziwiłł, Grand Duke of Lithuania (d. 1655)
• 1710 – Carlo Antonio Bertinazzi, Italian actor and writer (d. 1783)
• 1816 – Amedeo Preziosi, Maltese painter (d. 1882)
• 1817 – Heinrich von Sybel, German scientist and politician (d. 1895)
• 1825 – II. Pedro, second and last ruler of the Empire of Brazil (d. 1891)
• 1842 – Charles William Alcock, English athlete, journalist, author, and sports administrator (d. 1907)
• 1846 René Waldeck-Rousseau, French politician (d. 1904)
• 1859 – Georges Seurat, French painter (d. 1891)
• 1876 ​​– Yusuf Akçura, Turkish writer and politician (d. 1935)
• 1884 – Yahya Kemal Beyatlı, Turkish writer, politician and diplomat (d. 1958)
• 1885 – George Minot, American medical researcher and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1950)
• 1891 – Otto Dix, German painter and engraver (d. 1969)
• 1894 – Warren William, American actor (d. 1948)
• 1897 – Ivan Bagramyan, USSR soldier of Armenian descent and Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1982)
• 1901 – Raimundo Orsi, Argentine-Italian former international football player (d. 1986)
• 1901 - Angel Planells, Spanish Catalan surrealist painter
• 1915 – Takahito, prince of Japan (d. 2016)
• 1923 – Maria Callas, Greek soprano (d. 1977)
• 1924 – Jonathan Frid, Canadian actor (d. 2012)
• 1924 – Vilgot Sjöman, Swedish screenwriter and filmmaker (d. 2006)
• 1925 – Julie Harris, American theater and film actress (d. 2013)
• 1925 – William Lacy Carter, American politician and businessman (d. 2017)
• 1930 – Gary Becker, American sociologist and economist (d. 2014)
• 1931 – Masaaki Hatsumi, founder of the Bujinkan Organization and former Togakure-ryū Sōke
• 1934 – Tarciso Bertone, Catholic Archbishop of Genoa and cardinal
• 1944 – Ibrahim Rugova, President of Kosovo (d. 2006)
• 1944 - Cathy Lee Crosby, American actress
• 1945 – Zihni Göktay, Turkish actor and voice actor
• 1946 – Ahmet Telli, Turkish teacher and writer
• 1946 – Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer and businessman (d. 1997)
• 1948 – TC Boyle, American writer
• 1948 – Antonín Panenka, former Czech football player
• 1950 - Paul Watson, Canadian environmental activist
• 1954 – Ahmet Uluçay, Turkish writer and director (d. 2009)
• 1956 – Steven Bauer, Cuban actor
• 1960 – Rick Savage, English bass guitarist
• 1965 – Ioan Drăgan, Romanian football player (d. 2012)
• 1968 – Lucy Liu, American actress
• 1968 Nate Mendel, American musician
• 1968 – Rena Sofer, American actress
• 1970 – Yang Hyun-suk, South Korean music manager, rapper, dancer, and producer
• 1971 - Francesco Toldo, Italian football player
• 1972 – Gökçe Özyol, Turkish actress
• 1972 – Sergejs Žoltoks, Russian-born Latvian professional ice hockey player (d. 2004)
• 1973 – Monica Seles, Hungarian-American tennis player
• 1973 – Jan Ullrich, Retired German road cyclist
• 1974 – Sermiyan Midyat, Turkish actor, director and screenwriter
• 1974 - Reina Leone, American pornographic film actress
• 1976 – Erik Everhard, Canadian actor and director
• 1978 - Nelly Furtado, Canadian singer-songwriter
• 1978 - Maëlle Ricker, Canadian former female snowboarder
• 1978 – Christopher Wolstenholme, English musician and singer
• 1979 – Yvonne Catterfeld, German female singer, songwriter, actress and TV presenter
• 1980 – Benjamin Mako Hill, American computer scientist and author
• 1981 – Danijel Pranjic, Croatian football player
• 1981 – Britney Spears, American singer, dancer, and actress
• 1982 – Christos Karipidis, Greek football player
• 1983 - Ana Lucia Dominguez, Colombian actress
• 1983 – Daniela Ruah, Portuguese television presenter
• 1984 – Natalya Mammadova, Azerbaijani volleyball player
• 1985 - Dorell Wright, American professional basketball player
• 1986 - Adam le Fondre, English football player
• 1986 – Claudiu Keşerü, Romanian national football player
• 1986 – Tal Wilkenfeld, Australian bassist who plays in rock, jazz, funk and jazz-funk genres.
• 1988 - Alfred Enoch, English actor
• 1989 – Matteo Darmian, Italian football player
• 1990 – Emmanuel Agyemang-Badu, Ghanaian national football player
• 1990 – Gastón Ramírez, Uruguayan national football player
• 1991 – Charlie Puth, American singer
• 1993 – Kübra Demirel Öztürk, Turkish architect
• 1993 – Kostas Stafilidis, Greek football player
• 1995 – Inori Minase, Japanese voice actor and singer
• 1998 – Juice Wrld, American rapper (d. 2019)

Deaths

• 537 – Silverius, Pope from 8 June 536 to 19 March 537 (b. ?)
• 1348 – Hanazono, 95th emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 1297)
• 1510 – Shibani Khan, Uzbek khan of the Shaybani Khanate (b. 1451)
• 1547 – Hernán Cortés, Spanish navigator and explorer (b. 1485)
• 1594 – Gerardus Mercator, Belgian cartographer and mathematician (b. 1512)
• 1694 – Pierre Puget, French painter, sculptor, architect, and engineer (b. 1622)
• 1814 – Marquis de Sade, French novelist (b. 1740)
• 1849 – Adelaide, King IV. Queen of the United Kingdom and Queen of Hanover as William's consort (b. 1792)
• 1859 – John Brown, American abolitionist rebel (b. 1800)
• 1881 – Jenny von Westphalen, wife of Karl Marx (b. 1814)
• 1888 – Namık Kemal, Turkish poet, politician and intellectual (b. 1840)
• 1918 – Edmond Rostand, French playwright (b. 1868)
• 1923 – Tomás Bretón, Spanish composer, violinist, and piano virtuoso (b. 1850)
• 1926 – Gérard Cooreman, Belgian politician (b. 1852)
• 1941 – Edward Rydz-Śmigły, Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces, politician, painter and poet (b. 1886)
• 1944 – Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Italian poet (b. 1876)
• 1969 – Kliment Voroshilov, Soviet soldier and politician (b. 1881)
• 1980 – Roza Eskenazi, Turkish-Greek singer (b. 1890s)
• 1980 – Romain Gary, French writer and politician (b. 1914)
• 1981 – Wallace Harrison, American architect (b. 1895)
• 1982 – Marty Feldman, English comedian, actor, and writer (b. 1933)
• 1982 – Giovanni Ferrari, Former Italian football player (b. 1907)
• 1985 – Philip Larkin, English poet and author (b. 1922)
• 1987 – Luis Leloir, Argentine physician and biochemist (b. 1906)
• 1990 – Robert Cummings, American actor (b. 1908)
• 1990 – Aaron Copland, American classical pioneer and composer (b. 1900)
• 1993 – Pablo Escobar, Colombian drug lord (b. 1949)
• 1994 – Orhan Şaik Gökyay, Turkish literary history and language researcher and poet (b. 1902)
• 1995 – Kemal Sülker, Turkish trade unionist, journalist and investigative writer (b. 1919)
• 2002 – Ivan Illich, Austrian philosopher and social critic (b. 1926)
• 2002 – Mehmet Emin Toprak, Turkish actor (b. 1974)
• 2004 – Mona Van Duyn, American poet (b. 1921)
• 2008 – Henry Molaison, American patient (b. 1926)
• 2009 – Eric Woolfson, Scottish musician, songwriter, producer and pianist (b. 1945)
• 2011 – Howard Tate, American Soul singer and songwriter (b. 1939)
• 2013 – Pedro Rocha, Uruguayan former professional football player and manager (b. 1942)
• 2013 – Christopher Evan “Chris” Welch, American actor (b. 1965)
• 2015 – Ferenc Juhasz, Hungarian poet (b. 1928)
• 2015 – Luz Marina Zuluaga, Colombian model (b. 1938)
• 2016 – Coral Atkins, English actress (b. 1936)
• 2016 – Gisela May, German actress and musician (b. 1924)
• 2017 – Necdet Levent, Turkish composer (b. 1923)
• 2017 – Mekkavi Said, Egyptian female short story writer and novelist (b. 1956)
• 2017 – Hannes Schiel, Austrian actor (b. 1914)
• 2018 – Perry Robinson, American jazz clarinetist and composer (b. 1938)
• 2018 – Paul Sherwen, English professional racing cyclist and sports journalist (b. 1956)
• 2019 – George Atkinson III, American football player (b. 1992)
• 2019 – Francesco Janich, Italian national football player (b. 1937)
• 2019 – Johann Baptist Metz, German Catholic theologian (b. 1928)
• 2020 – Mohamed Abarhoun, Moroccan football player (b. 1989)
• 2020 – Warren Berlinger, American actor (b. 1937)
• 2020 – Hugh Keays-Byrne, British-Australian actor and film director (b. 1947)
• 2020 – Zaferullah Khan Jamali, Pakistani politician and sports administrator (b. 1944)
• 2020 – Pierre Clermont aka Pat Patterson, Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1941)
• 2020 – Boris Plotnikov, Soviet-Russian actor (b. 1949)
• 2020 – Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, centre-right politician (1974-1981) in France, third president of the Fifth Republic (b. 1926)
• 2020 – Pamela Tiffin Wonso, American actress and model (b. 1942)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Slavery Abolition Day
• Storm: Pleiades Turning Storm