Today in History: Japanese Chemist and American Physicist Discovers the Hormone Adrenaline

December 27 is the 361th day of the year (362th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 4.

Railways

• 27 December 1882 Mersin-Adana line request for concession Nafia Ministry again sent to the application.
• 27 December 2019 The domestic car was introduced at a ceremony held in Gebze by TOGG President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.

Events

• 537 – Reconstruction of Hagia Sophia is completed under the personal supervision of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. II. The second Hagia Sophia, built by Theodosius, was burned down during the Nika Revolt in 532.
• 1831 - The expedition ship "Beagle", which was on board the British naturalist Charles Darwin, set sail.
• 1845 - Ether was first used as an anesthetic in obstetrics in Jefferson, Georgia, USA.
• 1901 - Japanese chemist Takamike and American physicist Abel discovered the hormone adrenaline.
• 1907 – Second Young Turk Congress was held in Paris. In the final declaration, the administration of Sultan Abdulhamid was criticized.
• 1919 – Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who gathered the Erzurum and Sivas congresses after the liberation struggle he started in Samsun, came to Ankara from Sivas with the members of the Representative Committee.
• 1921 – Tarsus district of Mersin was liberated from the French occupation.
• 1928 – Istanbul Municipality punished shopkeepers who did not change their signs written in old letters.
• 1934 – Two important works of Turkish opera history (Doll ve Mr. Leader) was premiered in Ankara Community Center.
• 1936 – Poet Nâzım Hikmet was detained.
• 1939 – Erzincan Earthquake: An earthquake measuring 8 on the Richter scale occurred in the Turkish province of Erzincan; 32.962 people lost their lives, about 100 thousand people were injured.
• 1944 – The name of the Capakçur region was changed to Bingöl.
• 1945 – The World Bank was established in line with the principles agreed by 28 states.
• 1949 – After 300 years of Dutch rule, Queen Juliana recognized Indonesian independence.
• 1949 – The Cultural Treaty was signed between Turkey and the United States of America.
• 1965 – Oil rig in the UK's North Sea overturns: 4 dead, 9 missing.
• 1967 – The Turkish Cypriot community established the “Cyprus Provisional Turkish Administration” on the Island. Fazıl Küçük was appointed as the President.
• 1968 - Apollo 8 returns to Earth, making the first manned flight to the moon.
• 1975 – Mine explosion in Bihar, India: 372 dead.
• 1977 – Abdullah Baştürk was elected as the General President of the Confederation of Revolutionary Trade Unions (DİSK).
• 1977 – Istanbul Academy of Economics and Commercial Sciences in Sultanahmet was burned, Hacettepe University in Ankara was closed for one year.
• 1978 - Spain transitioned to democracy after 40 years of dictatorship.
• 1979 – The Afghan Government in Kabul is overthrown after a specially trained Soviet force seizes Kabul Airport. Afghan President Hafizullah Amin was dismissed and killed. The civil war, which would last more than 10 years, began. Babrak Karmal was appointed head of Afghanistan.
• 1979 – The Turkish Armed Forces Command, led by Kenan Evren, gave a warning letter to President Fahri Korutürk.
• 1980 – 68 union members were arrested together with DİSK Chairman Abdullah Baştürk and Secretary General Fehmi Işıklar in Istanbul.
• 1981 – Assoc. Dr. Rıfat Yıldırım, the murder suspect of Bedrettin Cömert, was caught in Berlin.
• 1985 – The offices of Israel Airlines El Al in Rome Fiumicino – Leonardo da Vinci Airport and Vienna International Airport were attacked by the Abu Nidal organization. In the attack at Rome Airport; 16 people died, 99 people were injured, 5 of the 3 organization members were captured dead. In the attack at Vienna Airport, 3 people died, 39 people were injured, 3 of 1 members of the organization was captured dead.
• 1987 – Ankara Cultural Center was opened by President Kenan Evren on the 68th anniversary of Atatürk's arrival in Ankara.
• 1999 – The 4th Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation decided that the headscarf cannot be considered within the scope of the clothing that is considered free in higher education institutions.
• 2002 – A suicide attack was carried out with a truck bomb on Chechnya's pro-Moscow Government Headquarters: 72 people were killed.
• 2004 – Opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko wins the Ukrainian elections.
• 2007 – SBS trials were conducted in pilot schools across the country in Turkey.
• 2008 – Israel launches airstrike around Gaza city: 230 killed, more than 400 injured.

Births

• 1459 – John Albert I, king of Poland (d. 1501)
• 1571 – Johannes Kepler, German astronomer (d. 1630)
• 1734 – Nicolaas Laurens Burman, Dutch botanist (d. 1793)
• 1773 – George Cayley, English engineer, inventor, and aviator (d. 1857)
• 1776 – Nikolai Kamensky, Russian general (d. 1811)
• 1793 – Alexander Gordon Laing, Scottish explorer (d. 1826)
• 1794 – Christian Albrecht Bluhme, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1866)
• 1797 – Mirza Esedullah Khan Galib, Mughal Period poet (d. 1869)
• 1821 – Jane Wilde, Irish poet, translator (d. 1896)
• 1822 – Louis Pasteur, French chemist and bacteriologist (d. 1895)
• 1856 – André Gedalge, French composer and teacher (d. 1926)
• 1860 – David Hendricks Bergey, American bacteriologist (d. 1937)
• 1861 – Auguste Vaillant, French anarchist (d. 1894)
• 1867 – Léon Delacroix, Belgian statesman (d. 1929)
• 1867 – Samed Ağa Ağamalıoğlu, Soviet statesman and socialist revolutionary (d. 1930)
• 1869 – Alwin Mittasch, German chemist, historian of science (d. 1953)
• 1875 – Sisowath Monivong, King of Cambodia (d. 1941)
• 1876 ​​– Ōtani Kōzui, Japanese Buddhist monk and historian (d. 1948)
• 1890 – Tibor Szamuely, Hungarian communist politician (d. 1919)
• 1891 – Aleksander Ładoś, Polish diplomat, consular officer, journalist, and politician (d. 1963)
• 1891 – George J. Mead, American aeronautical engineer (d. 1949)
• 1896 – Carl Zuckmayer, German playwright (d. 1977)
• 1898 – Inejiro Asanuma, Japanese politician (d. 1960)
• 1899 – Giorgi Leonidze, Georgian poet and writer (d. 1966)
• 1901 – Marlene Dietrich, German film actress (d. 1992)
• 1902 – Kemalettin Tuğcu, Turkish storyteller (d. 1996)
• 1907 – Asaf Halet Çelebi, Turkish poet (d. 1958)
• 1915 – Gyula Zsengellér, Hungarian football player (d. 1999)
• 1919 – Cahide Sonku, Turkish cinema and theater actress (the first female film director and the first female star of Turkish cinema) (d. 1981)
• 1922 – Derek Piggott, English aviator and pilot (d. 2019)
• 1923 – Andrey Babayev, Azerbaijani composer (d. 1964)
• 1924 – Jean Bartik, American computer engineer (d. 2011)
• 1925 – Michel Piccoli, French actor (d. 2020)
• 1925 – Moshe Arens, Israeli politician (d. 2019)
• 1929 – Elizabeth Edgar, New Zealand botanist (d. 2019)
• 1931 – Scotty Moore, American guitarist (d. 2016)
• 1934 – Larisa Latinina, Soviet gymnast
• 1934 – Akşit Göktürk, Turkish literary critic, translator, writer and linguist (d. 1988)
• 1935 – Mohammed Abid al-Jabiri, Moroccan Islamic thinker (d. 2010)
• 1943 – Cokie Roberts, American journalist, political commentator, presenter, and author (d. 2019)
• 1943 Peter Sinfield, English poet and songwriter
• 1944 – Yalçın Gülhan, Turkish actor (d. 2019)
• 1947 – Osman Pamukoğlu, Turkish soldier, writer and politician
• 1948 – Gerard Depardieu, French film actor
• 1950 - Haris Alexiou, Greek singer
• 1950 – Roberto Bettega, Italian former international football player
• 1951 – Ernesto Zedillo, Mexican economist and politician
• 1952 – David Knopfler, British-Scottish musician and singer
• 1956 Karen Hughes, American politician
• 1961 – Guido Westerwelle, German lawyer, diplomat, and politician (d. 2016)
• 1963 – Gaspar Noé, Argentine director
• 1964 - Theresa Randle, American actress
• 1965 – Salman Khan, Indian actor, presenter and model
• 1966 Bill Goldberg, American football player
• 1966 Eva LaRue, American actress
• 1969 – Chyna, American professional wrestler (d. 2016)
• 1969 - Jean-Christophe Boullion, French racing driver
• 1971 – Guthrie Govan, English musician
• 1971 – Mustafa Kamal, Pakistani politician
• 1974 – Masi Oka, American actress and digital effects specialist
• 1974 – Fumiko Orikasa, Japanese female voice actor and singer
• 1975 – Heather O'Rourke, American actress (d. 1988)
• 1976 – Curro Torres, German-Spanish defender
• 1978 – Pelin Batu, Turkish film actress and historian
• 1979 – Ann Van Elsen, Belgian model
• 1979 – David Dunn, English football player
• 1980 – Antonio Cesaro, Swiss professional wrestler
• 1980 – Dahntay Jones, American professional basketball player
• 1981 – Emilie de Ravin, Australian actress
• 1984 – Nagihan Karadere, Turkish athlete
• 1984 – Pleasure P, American R&B singer
• 1986 - Shelly-Ann Fraser, Jamaican sprinter
• 1988 – Hera Hilmar, Icelandic actress
• 1988 – Ok Taecyeon, South Korean actor, rapper, singer and entrepreneur
• 1988 - Hayley Williams, American musician and songwriter
• 1990 – Milos Raonic, Canadian tennis player
• 1991 – Abdul Rahim Sebah, Ghanaian football player
• 1995 – Timothée Chalamet, American-French actor
• 1995 – Elif Gokalp, Turkish presenter
• 2005 – Kristina Pimenova, Russian child model and actress

Deaths

• 683 – Gaozong, third emperor of China's Tang Dynasty (b. 628)
• 1805 – Isabelle de Charrière, Dutch author, playwright, and composer (b. 1740)
• 1834 – Charles Lamb, English essayist (b. 1775)
• 1849 – Jacques-Laurent Agasse, Swiss painter (b. 1767)
• 1891 – Alexander Chodzko, Polish poet, researcher, diplomat (b. 1804)
• 1894 – II. Francis, last king of the Two Sicilies (b. 1836)
• 1914 – Charles Martin Hall, American chemist (b. 1863)
• 1915 – Remy de Gourmont, French poet (b. 1858)
• 1923 – Gustave Eiffel, French engineer and architect (b. 1832)
• 1924 – Léon Bakst, Russian artist (b. 1856)
• 1925 – Anna Kuliscioff, Jewish-Russian revolutionary, feminist, anarchist, one of the first women to study medicine in Italy (b. 1857)
• 1936 – Mehmet Âkif Ersoy, Turkish poet (b. 1873)
• 1938 – Émile Vandervelde, Belgian Social Democrat, Politician, President of the Second Socialist International (b. 1866)
• 1941 – Mustafa Çokay, member of Turkestan Alas Orda government, journalist and writer (b. 1890)
• 1953 – Şükrü Saracoğlu, Turkish politician and prime minister (former president of Fenerbahçe) (b. 1886)
• 1958 – Mustafa Merlika-Kruja, Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1887)
• 1966 – Guillermo Stábile, Argentine football player (b. 1905)
• 1968 – Nugent Slaughter, American musician (b. 1888)
• 1972 – Lester Pearson, Canadian politician and diplomat, who served as prime minister 1963-1968 (b. 1897)
• 1974 – Vladimir Fock, Soviet physicist (d. 1898)
• 1978 – Huari Boumedien, President of Algeria (b. 1932)
• 1978 – Bob Luman, American country and rockabilly singer and songwriter (b. 1937)
• 1979 – Hafizullah Emin, second head of state of the socialist regime in Afghanistan (b. 1929)
• 1988 – Reha Yurdakul, Turkish film actress (b. 1926)
• 1988 – Hal Ashby, American film director (b. 1929)
• 2002 – George Roy Hill, American director and winner of the Academy Award for Best Director (b. 1921)
• 2003 – Alan Bates, English actor (b. 1934)
• 2007 – Benazir Bhutto, Pakistani political leader (b. 1953)
• 2008 – Robert Graham, Mexican-born American sculptor (b. 1938)
• 2011 – Meral Menderes, Turkish first female opera singer and soprano (b. 1933)
• 2012 – Norman Schwarzkopf, American commander (b. 1934)
• 2012 – Noriko Sengoku, Japanese film and television actress (b. 1922)
• 2014 – Tomaž Šalamun, Slovenian poet (b. 1941)
• 2014 – Karel Poma, Belgian bureaucrat (b. 1920)
• 2015 – Hüseyin Başaran, Turkish sports announcer (b. 1958)
• 2015 – Aidan Higgins, Irish writer (b. 1927)
• 2015 – Alfredo Pacheco, El Salvadoran national football player (b. 1982)
• 2016 – Carrie Fisher, American actress, screenwriter, and author (b. 1956)
• 2016 – Claude Gensac, French film and theater actor (b. 1927)
• 2016 – Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, former prime minister of Sri Lanka (b. 1933)
• 2017 – Ben Barres, American scientist and neurobiologist (b. 1954)
• 2017 – Fernando Birr, Argentine filmmaker, director, screenwriter and critic (b. 1925)
• 2017 – Thomas Hunter, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1932)
• 2018 – Juan Bautista Agüero, Paraguayan former international football player (b. 1935)
• 2018 – Miúcha, Brazilian singer and composer (b. 1937)
• 2018 – Richard Arvin Overton, American veteran who is among the longest living people in the world (b. 1906)
• 2018 – Tadeusz Pieronek, Polish co-bishop, academic and law professor (b. 1934)
• 2019 – Takehiko Endo, Japanese politician and former minister (b. 1938)
• 2019 – Don Imus, American radio voice actor, writer, actor, and comedian (b. 1940)
• 2020 – Mustafa Kandıralı, Turkish clarinettist (b. 1930)
• 2020 – Mohamed El Ouafa, Moroccan diplomat and politician (b. 1948)
• 2021 – Defao, Democratic Congolese singer-songwriter (b. 1958)
• 2021 – Keri Hulme, New Zealand novelist, poet, and short story writer (b. 1947)