Today in History: Albania Declares Its Independence from the Ottoman Empire

November 28 is the 332th day of the year (333th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 33.

Railways

• 28 November 1882 Various competitions were prepared, which could be models for private enterprises that would request the government regarding Nafia affairs in the Empire. The Sultan approved these rewards. These rewards were published in Düstur between the laws of “Railway and Bi't-savings Channel and Port and Construction-Nafia” on this date.
• 28 November 1907 Irrigation privilege of Konya Plain was given to Anadolu Railway Company. Accordingly, the water of Bey-city Lake is 200 km. It would be delivered to areas convenient for irrigation by canal. Thus, 53.000 hectares of land would be opened to irrigated agriculture. The project was completed in 1913 in accordance with the agreement.
• 28 November 1939 The decision of the referee Politis regarding the dispute with the Julius Berger group, which is constructing the Kütahya-Balıkesir railway: The remaining payments of the construction will be completed.
• 28 November 2005 As part of the efforts to revive Hicaz Railway, Jordan Hicaz Railway General Manager Abdul-Razag and his accompanying delegation came to our country at the invitation of TCDD.
• 28 November 2010 A fire broke out on Haydarpaşa Train Station and was soon extinguished.

Events

• 1821 - Panama declared its independence from Spain.
• 1893 - Women vote for the first time in a national election (New Zealand general election).
• 1905 - The Irish political party, Sinn Féin, is founded.
• 1912 - Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
• 1918 – The arrival of Kazım Karabekir Pasha from Kars to Istanbul.
• 1920 – Mehmet Âkif Ersoy and Eşref Edip started to publish the journal “Sebilü'r-Reşad” in Kastamonu.
• 1922 – The liberation of Iznik district of Bursa from Greek occupation.
• 1925 – Adopted Hat Law goes into effect. Now, "everyone will wear a hat," especially the civil servants.
• 1934 – Hâkimiyet-i Milliye newspaper began to be published under the name Ulus.
• 1936 - Japan recognizes Italy's annexation of Abyssinia.
• 1938 – Atatürk's testament, which was dictated on September 5, was opened. Atatürk, in his will; He left his money and his property in Çankaya to the CHP, on the condition that his relatives and his adopted children receive a monthly allowance and İnönü's children receive higher education allowance. He requested that the amount that will remain in profit be shared by the Turkish Language and History institutions every year.
• 1940 – II. In the environment of World War II, it was decided to confiscate more than 500 kilograms of grain stocks by the Ministry of Commerce.
• 1943 - Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Josef Stalin meet in Tehran.
• 1951 – The Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works was accepted. The law went into effect on January 1, 1952.
• 1958 – Financial aid agreements were signed between Turkey-France and Turkey-Belgium.
• 1962 – The United States decided to dismantle the medium-range Jupiter missiles in Turkey.
• 1964 – Süleyman Demirel was elected Chairman of the Justice Party by getting 1072 votes more than his favorite opponent, Saadettin Bilgiç.
• 1967 – NATO Secretary General Manlio Brosio met with Foreign Minister İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil in Ankara and went to Athens. Turkish jets made warning flights over Cyprus.
• 1968 – The arrival of Robert Komer, the former CIA station chief, the new US Ambassador to Turkey, was protested in Istanbul Yesilkoy. Deniz Gezmiş, Rahmi Aydın, Mustafa Zülkadiroğlu, Toygun Erarslan and Mustafa Gürkan were arrested among the protesters.
• 1974 – The students of the Wood and Metal Works Maturation Institute in Ankara started a death fast on the grounds that they were employed as cheap workers under the name of education and training.
• 1977 – CHP leader Bülent Ecevit was greeted in Niğde with the slogan “One way revolution”. Ecevit responded to the community with the words "One way is the vote".
• 1977 – McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 aircraft making round trips between New Zealand's Auckland International Airport and Antarctica; Mount Erebus crashed on Ross Island, Antarctica. 257 people died in the accident.
• 1979 - Pope Pope II, President of the Vatican City. Jean Paul came to Turkey for an official visit.
• 1986 – President Kenan Evren, at the NSC meeting, “Nurcu and Süleymancıs are brainwashing children in dormitories” He gave a warning of reaction to the government.
• 1997 – 2 of the 1993 defendants who were tried in relation to the burning of 35 people on July 99, 33 at the Madımak Hotel in Sivas, were sentenced to death.
• 1998 – A military helicopter crashed near Çukurca district of Hakkari as a result of the shooting of the pilot by terrorists. 16 soldiers died.
• 2002 – 12 people were killed in a suicide attack on an Israeli-owned hotel in Kenya.
• 2002 - Two missiles were fired at an Israeli plane taking off from Mombasa Airport.
• 2010 – As a result of the fire on the roof of Haydarpaşa Train Station, its roof and 4th floor were severely damaged.
• 2015 – Diyarbakir Bar Association President Tahir Elçi died from a bullet hitting his head while he was making a press statement.

Births

• 1118 – Manuel I, Byzantine emperor (d. 1180)
• 1489 – Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots (d. 1541)
• 1632 – Jean-Baptiste Lully, Italian-born French composer, violinist, and ballet dancer (d. 1687)
• 1757 – William Blake, English poet, painter, and mystical visionary (d. 1827)
• 1772 – Luke Howard, English chemist and meteorologist (d. 1864)
• 1793 – Carl Jonas Love Almqvist, Swedish romantic poet, feminist, realist, composer, social critic, and traveler (d. 1866)
• 1820 – Friedrich Engels, German political thinker (d. 1895)
• 1829 – Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein, Russian composer and pianist (d. 1894)
• 1857 – XII. Alfonso, king of Spain from 1874-1885 (d. 1885)
• 1858 – William Stanley, American physicist and inventor (d. 1916)
• 1866 Henry Bacon, American architect (d. 1924)
• 1881 – Stefan Zweig, Austrian writer (suicide) (d. 1942)
• 1887 – Ernst Röhm, German officer, politician, founder and commander of SAs (d. 1934)
• 1896 – Lilia Skala, Austrian-American architect and actress (d. 1994)
• 1898 – İhap Hulusi Görey, Turkish graphic designer and illustrator (d. 1986)
• 1904 – Nancy Mitford, English novelist and biographer and journalist (d. 1973)
• 1906 Henry Picard, American golfer (d. 1997)
• 1907 – Alberto Moravia, Italian novelist (d. 1990)
• 1908 – Claude Levi-Strauss, French anthropologist (d. 2009)
• 1923 Gloria Grahame, American actress (d. 1981)
• 1925 – József Bozsik, Hungarian football player (d. 1978)
• 1927 – Abdulhalim Muazzam Shah, 14th and current Malaysian His majesty the king (president), as well as the 27th and former sultan of Kedah (d. 2017)
• 1928 – Bano Qudsia, Pakistani female writer (d. 2017)
• 1928 – Arthur Melvin Okun, American economist (d. 1980)
• 1931 – Joan Guinjoan, Spanish composer and pianist (d. 2019)
• 1931 – Tomi Ungerer, Alsatian-French cartoonist, graphic artist, and writer (d. 2019)
• 1932 – Gato Barbieri, Argentine jazz musician, composer, and saxophonist (d. 2016)
• 1933 Hope Lange, American actress (d. 2003)
• 1938 – Lale Belkıs, Turkish singer and actress
• 1941 – Laura Antonelli, Italian actress (d. 2015)
• 1944 – Rita Mae Brown, American writer
• 1945 – John Hargreaves, Australian actor (d. 1996)
• 1946 – Joe Dante, American producer and director
• 1947 – Maria Farantouri, Greek singer and politician
• 1948 – Agnieszka Holland, Polish television and film director, screenwriter
• 1948 – Mine Mutlu, Turkish actress and voice artist (d. 1990)
• 1949 – Victor Ostrovsky, Canadian writer
• 1950 Ed Harris, American actor
• 1950 – Russell A. Hulse, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics
• 1952 – S. Epatha Merkerson, American actress
• 1954 – Necip Hablemitoğlu, Turkish historian and writer (d. 2002)
• 1955 – Alessandro Altobelli, Italian football player
• 1955 – Adem Jashari, founder of the Kosovo Liberation Army (UCK) (d. 1998)
• 1959 – Judd Nelson, American actress
• 1959 – Nancy Charest, Canadian politician (d. 2014)
• 1960 – John Galliano, British-Spanish fashion designer
• 1961 – Alfonso Cuarón, Academy Award-winning Mexican film director
• 1962 – Jon Stewart, American television personality
• 1964 – Michael Bennet, American businessman, lawyer, and politician
• 1964 – Roy Tarpley, American professional basketball player (d. 2015)
• 1966 – Erdinç Erişmiş, Turkish musician, composer and performer
• 1967 – Anna Nicole Smith, American actress (d. 2007)
• 1969 – Sonia O'Sullivan, Irish former athlete
• 1970 – Édouard Philippe, French politician
• 1972 – Paulo Figueiredo, Angolan national football player
• 1972 – Jesper Strömblad, Swedish musician
• 1974 – apl.de.ap, Filipino-American singer and producer
• 1975 – Sigurd Wongraven, Norwegian musician
• 1977 – Doğa Bekleriz, Turkish model, actress and presenter
• 1977 – Fabio Grosso, Italian national football player
• 1978 – Mehdi Nafti, Tunisian former national football player
• 1979 – Chamillionaire, American hip hop singer and songwriter
• 1979 – Hakan Hatipoğlu, Turkish water polo athlete, TV series actor and presenter
• 1980 – Stuart Taylor, English football player
• 1982 – Leandro Barbosa, Brazilian basketball player
• 1982 – Pero Pejic, Croatian football player
• 1983 – Summer Rae, American professional wrestler, model, actress, and retired American football player
• 1983 – Nelson Haedo Valdez, Paraguayan national football player
• 1984 – Trey Songz, American R&B singer and songwriter
• 1984 – Mary Elizabeth Winstead, American actress
• 1984 – Andrew Bogut, Australian basketball player
• 1985 – Álvaro Pereira, Uruguayan football player
• 1986 – Mouhamadou Dabo, French football player of Senegalese descent
• 1987 – Karen Gillan, Scottish actress and former model
• 1990 – Dedryck Boyata, Belgian football player
• 1990 – Edis Görgülü, Turkish singer, songwriter and actor
• 1992 – Adam Hicks, American actor
• 1995 – Chase Elliott, American race car driver

Deaths

• 741 – III. Gregory was Pope from 731 to 741 (b. 690)
• 1290 – Eleanor of Castile, Queen of England as first wife of Edward I (b. 1241)
• 1667 – Jean de Thévenot, French traveler to the East (b. 1633)
• 1680 – Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Italian Baroque sculptor (b. 1598)
• 1680 – Athanasius Kircher, German Jesuit priest and scriptwriter (b. 1601)
• 1694 – Matsuo Bashō, Japanese poet of the Edo period (b. 1644)
• 1794 – Cesare Beccaria, Italian lawyer, philosopher, economist, and man of letters (b. 1738)
• 1820 – Mütercim Asım, Ottoman writer, translator and scholar (b. 1755)
• 1852 – Emmanuil Xanthos, Greek merchant (b. 1772)
• 1859 – Washington Irving, American author (b. 1783)
• 1861 – Manuel Antônio de Almeida, Brazilian writer (b. 1831)
• 1870 – Frédéric Bazille, French impressionist painter (b. 1841)
• 1893 – Alexander Cunningham, English archaeologist and army engineer (b. 1814)
• 1894 – Charles Thomas Newton, English archaeologist (b. 1816)
• 1914 – Johann Wilhelm Hittorf, German physicist (b. 1824)
• 1921 – AbdulBaha, eldest son of Bahaullah, the founder of the Baha'i religion (b. 1844)
• 1930 – VI. Constantine served as the 262nd Ecumenical Patriarch (b. 1859)
• 1937 – Magnús Guðmundsson, Icelandic politician (b. 1879)
• 1938 – William McDougall, English psychologist (b. 1871)
• 1939 – James Naismith, creator of Canadian basketball, American Football and inventor of the Helmet (b. 1861)
• 1945 – Dwight F. Davis, American tennis player and politician (b. 1879)
• 1947 – Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, II. French general during World War II (b. 1902)
• 1954 – Enrico Fermi, Italian physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1901)
• 1960 – Richard Wright, African-American writer of short stories, novels, and essays, poet (b. 1908)
• 1962 – Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 until abdication in 1948 (b. 1880)
• 1964 – Jimmy McMullan, Scottish former football player and manager (b. 1895)
• 1967 – Léon M'ba, first president of independent Gabon (b. 1902)
• 1968 – Enid Blyton, English writer (b. 1897)
• 1976 – Rosalind Russell, American actress (b. 1907)
• 1988 – Nuri Boytorun, Turkish wrestler (b. 1908)
• 1992 – Sidney Nolan, Australian painter (b. 1917)
• 1994 – Jeffrey Dahmer, American serial killer (b. 1960)
• 1994 - Buster Edwards was a British criminal in the Great Train Robbery. Also boxer and nightclub owner (b. 1931)
• 1995 – Aziz Çalışlar, Turkish translator, researcher, essayist and dramatist (b. 1942)
• 1995 – Rakım Çalapala, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1906)
• 2001 – Grigori Chuhrai, Soviet director and screenwriter (b. 1921)
• 2002 – Bülent Tanör, Turkish academic and writer (b. 1940)
• 2002 – Melih Cevdet Anday, Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, essayist and article writer (b. 1915)
• 2005 – Hatice Alptekin, Turkish writer (Backward Flowing Volga acclaimed for his book) (b. 1923)
• 2010 – Leslie Nielsen, Canadian actress and comedian (b. 1926)
• 2010 – Samuel T. Cohen, American physicist and inventor of the neutron bomb (b. 1921)
• 2013 – Danny Wells, Canadian film and television actor and voice actor (b. 1941)
• 2014 – Kirsten Lundsgaardvig, Danish painter (b. 1942)
• 2015 – Gerry Byrne, English former international football player (b. 1938)
• 2015 – Tahir Elçi, Kurdish-born Turkish lawyer, activist and President of Diyarbakır Bar Association (b. 1966)
• 2015 – Doug Lennox, Canadian actor, writer and radio host (b. 1938)
• 2016 – Ailton Canela, Former Brazilian football player (b. 1994)
• 2016 – Mateus Caramelo, Brazilian football player (b. 1994)
• 2016 – Matheus Biteco, Brazilian former football player (b. 1995)
• 2016 – Dener, Brazilian former football player (b. 1991)
• 2016 – Gil, Brazilian former football player (b. 1987)
• 2016 – Josimar, Brazilian former football player (b. 1986)
• 2016 – Caio Júnior, Brazilian former football player and manager (b. 1965)
• 2016 – Kempes, Brazilian former football player (b. 1982)
• 2016 – Filipe Machado, Brazilian former football player (b. 1984)
• 2016 – Arthur Maia, Brazilian former football player (b. 1992)
• 2016 – Marcelo, Brazilian former football player (b. 1991)
• 2016 – Ananias Eloi Castro Monteiro, Brazilian former football player (b. 1989)
• 2016 – Bruno Rangel, Brazilian former football player (b. 1981)
• 2016 – Cléber Santana, Brazilian former football player (b. 1981)
• 2016 – Mário Sérgio, Brazilian football player and manager (b. 1950)
• 2016 – Lucas Gomes da Silva, Brazilian former football player (b. 1990)
• 2016 – Guilherme Gimenez de Souza, Brazilian former football player (b. 1995)
• 2016 – Sérgio Manoel Barbosa Santos, Brazilian former football player (b. 1989)
• 2016 – Tiaguinho, Brazilian former football player (b. 1994)
• 2016 – Thiego, Brazilian former football player (b. 1986)
• 2017 – Şadiye, Egyptian actress and singer (b. 1931)
• 2018 – Nicanor de Carvalho, Brazilian former football player (b. 1947)
• 2018 – Robert Morris, American sculptor, conceptual artist, and author (b. 1931)
• 2019 – Endel Taniloo, Estonian sculptor (b. 1923)
• 2019 – Pim Verbeek, Dutch football player and manager (b. 1956)
• 2020 – David Prowse, English actor and bodybuilder (b. 1935)
• 2021 – Mustafa Cengiz, Turkish businessman, sports manager, former bureaucrat and 37th President of Galatasaray. (b. 1949)