Today in History: The Founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Died at the Age of 57

November 10 is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 51.

Railways

• 10 November 1923 An agreement was signed by Huguenin on the Anatolian Railways and the Mukhtar's representative.

Events

• 1444 – Battle of Varna: The Crusader Army under King Ulászló I and II. The war between the Ottoman Army under the leadership of Murat, near the city of Varna in today's Bulgaria, resulted in the victory of the Ottomans.
• 1775 - A military service unit called the US Marine Corps is established within the US Navy.
• 1908 – Cemiyet-i Hayriye-i Nisvaniye, which will work for the education of girls, was founded by Zekiye Hanım in Thessaloniki.
• 1918 – The first female students were admitted to Darülbedayi. The students' names are: Badire, Memduha, Beyza, Refika and Afife (Jale).
• 1922 – Ottoman Sultan VI. Mehmet Vahdettin attended the last Selamlık ceremony.
• 1922 – Liberation of Kırklareli.
• 1924 – Upon the news that the name of the party to be founded by the deputies who resigned from the People's Party would be "Republican Party," the name of the People's Party was changed to the Republican People's Party.
• 1928 – Michinomiya Hirohito is crowned as the 124th Emperor of Japan.
• 1938 – The founding president of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, died at 9.05:57 Turkish time in Dolmabahçe Palace at the age of XNUMX. National mourning was declared in Turkey.
• 1940 - Walt Disney began working as an informant for the Los Angeles office of the FBI. His job was to report people in Hollywood he thought were anti-American.
• 1944 – The Allies recognize the Government led by Enver Hoxha in Albania.
• 1951 – Direct telephone service begins in the United States between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts for the first time.
• 1953 – Atatürk's body was transferred to Anıtkabir with a magnificent ceremony attended by President Celal Bayar and the public.
• 1961 – Stalingrad was renamed Volgagrad.
• 1965 – The "Cultural Revolution" begins in China.
• 1969 – On the occasion of the 31st anniversary of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's death, the broadcast of the Soviet Union-made documentary called Ankara, the Heart of Turkey, on TRT, was cut off on the grounds that “Communist propaganda is being made”.
• 1970 – Lunar vehicle of the Soviet Union Lunokhod 1 was thrown. The vehicle was the first robot to be moved by remote control on a ground other than Earth.
• 1975 - Portugal declared its freedom to Angola, which had been a colony since the 16th century.
• 1980 – Solidarity Union, founded in Poland on 31 August 1980 under the leadership of Lech Walesa, was registered and became legal.
• 1981 – “The Law on the State Cemetery” came into effect. It was declared that the graves of anyone other than Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and İsmet İnönü could not be preserved in Anıtkabir.
• 1988 – President Kenan Evren spoke at the Atatürk Commemoration Ceremony: “You were happy to be Turkish. Turkishness is even happier with you.”
• 1989 – Bulgarian President Todor Zhivkov was forced to resign as a result of the democratization movement sweeping Eastern Europe.
• 2020 – 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War concluded. Armenia lost and Nagorno-Karabakh Republic was destroyed, Nagorno-Karabakh was re-incorporated into Azerbaijan.

Births

• 1433 – Charles I, last duke of Burgundy's Valois (1467-1477) (d. 1477)
• 1483 – Martin Luther, leader of the Protestant Reformation (d. 1546)
• 1620 – Ninon de Lenclos, cosmetologist (d. 1705)
• 1697 – William Hogarth, English painter (d. 1764)
• 1730 – Oliver Goldsmith, Irish writer and poet (d. 1774)
• 1759 – Friedrich von Schiller, German writer (d. 1805)
• 1801 Vladimir Dal, Russian scientist (d. 1872)
• 1835 – Teodor Kasap, Ottoman journalist, writer and translator of Greek origin (d. 1897)
• 1834 – José Hernández, Argentine poet (d. 1886)
• 1868 – Gichin Funakoshi, Japanese karate master (d. 1957)
• 1880 – Jacob Epstein, British and American sculptor (d. 1959)
• 1887 – Arnold Zweig, German writer (d. 1968)
• 1888 – Andrei Tupolev, Russian aircraft designer (d. 1972)
• 1893 – John P. Marquand, American author (d. 1960)
• 1895 – Jack Northrop, American aircraft manufacturer (d. 1981)
• 1906 – Josef Kramer, SS Officer in Nazi Germany and commandant of Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp (d. 1945)
• 1909 – Paweł Jasienica, Polish historian, journalist, essayist, and soldier (d. 1970)
• 1914 Edmund Conen, German football player (d. 1990)
• 1916 – Louis le Brocquy, Irish painter (d. 2012)
• 1916 – Billy May, American composer, arranger, and trumpet player (d. 2004)
• 1918 – Ernst Otto Fischer, German chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2007)
• 1919 – Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov, Russian weapons designer and inventor (d. 2013)
• 1919 – Andrija Konc, Croatian singer (d. 1945)
• 1919 – Moise Tshombe, Congolese politician (d. 1969)
• 1920 – Maurice Clavel, French writer, philosopher, and journalist (d. 1979)
• 1921 – Ninón Sevilla, Cuban actor (d. 2015)
• 1925 – Richard Burton, English actor (d. 1984)
• 1927 – Vedat Ali Dalokay, Turkish politician and former Mayor of Ankara (d. 1991)
• 1927 – Sabah, Lebanese singer and actress (d. 2014)
• 1928 – Ennio Morricone, Italian composer (d. 2020)
• 1932 – Paul Bley, Canadian jazz pianist (d. 2016)
• 1932 – Roy Scheider, American actor (d. 2008)
• 1932 – Necmettin Hacıeminoğlu, Turkish linguist and writer (d.1996)
• 1933 – James Haynes, British sociologist and author (d. 2021)
• 1938 – Ogün Altiparmak, Turkish former national football player, sports writer and manager
• 1939 – Ali Sirmen, Turkish lawyer, journalist, writer, film and TV actor
• 1939 – Russell Means, American activist, actor, and author (d. 2012)
• 1941 – Rudolf Raff, Canadian-American biologist and academic (d. 2019)
• 1942 – Hans-Rudolf Merz, Swiss politician
• 1942 – Robert F. Engle, American economist and Nobel Prize laureate in Economics
• 1944 – Askar Akayev, Kyrgyz politician
• 1944 – Tim Rice, English songwriter and author
• 1946 – Fikret Kızılok, Turkish composer and music interpreter (d. 2001)
• 1947 – Bashir Gemayel, President of Lebanon (d. 1982)
• 1947 – Allee Willis, American songwriter, set designer, writer, collector, and director (d. 2019)
• 1948 – Aaron Brown, American journalist
• 1948 – Nur Serter, Turkish academic and politician
• 1949 – Mustafa Denizli, Turkish football player and coach
• 1949 – Ann Reinking, American actress, dancer, and choreographer (d. 2020)
• 1950 – Debra Hill, American screenwriter and film producer (d. 2005)
• 1955 – Roland Emmerich, German-born director, screenwriter, and producer
• 1956 – Memduh Abdulalim, Egyptian actor (d. 2016)
• 1956 – David Adkins, American comedian
• 1957 – Zafer Caglayan, Turkish businessman and politician
• 1959 – Sahrap Soysal, Turkish food expert and writer
• 1960 – Neil Gaiman, English writer
• 1962 – Daniel Waters, American screenwriter and director
• 1963 – Hugh Bonneville, English actor
• 1963 – Tanju Çolak, Turkish former national football player and manager
• 1963 – Mike Powell, American former athlete
• 1965 – Eddie Irvine, former Northern Irish racer
• 1966 – Vanessa Angel, English film and TV actress
• 1968 – Tracy Morgan, American comedian, actress, and voice actor
• 1969 - Faustino Asprilla, former Colombian football player
• 1969 – Jens Lehmann, German goalkeeper
• 1969 - Ellen Pompeo, American actress
• 1970 – Sergey Ovchinnikov, Russian national football player and manager
• 1970 – Warren G, rap artist and producer
• 1971 - Walton Goggins, American actor
• 1971 – Big Pun, American rapper (d. 2000)
• 1973 – Patrik Berger, Czech former international football player
• 1973 – Marco Rodríguez, Mexican football referee
• 1975 – Markko Martin, Estonian rally driver
• 1976 – Sergio González, Spanish national football player and manager
• 1976 – Steffen Iversen, Norwegian former football player
• 1977 – Brittany Murphy, American actress and voice actor
• 1978 – Eve, Grammy-winning rapper, musician, and actress
• 1979 – Anthony Réveillère, French former international football player
• 1981 – Ryback, American professional wrestler
• 1982 – Ahmet Kural, Turkish actor
• 1983 – Dinko Felić, Bosnian-Norwegian football player
• 1983 - Miranda Lambert, American country music artist
• 1983 – Marius Žaliūkas, Lithuanian national football player (d. 2020)
• 1984 – Ludovic Obraniak, French-Polish football player
• 1984 – Kendrick Perkins, American former basketball player
• 1985 – Aleksandar Kolarov, Serbian national football player
• 1985 – İnanç Konukçu, Turkish actress
• 1986 – Josh Peck, American actor
• 1986 – Samuel Wanjiru, Kenyan athlete (d. 2011)
• 1988 - Massimo Coda, Italian football player
• 1989 – Daniel Agyei, Ghanaian national football player
• 1989 - Brendon Hartley, former Formula 1 driver from New Zealand
• 1990 – Mireia Belmonte Garcia, Spanish swimmer
• 1992 – Anne Dsane Andersen, Danish rower
• 1992 – Dimitri Petratos, Australian national football player
• 1992 – Rafał Wolski, Polish national football player
• 1992 – Wilfried Zaha, Ivory Coast-born English football player
• 1994 - Zoey Deutch, American actress
• 1997 – Daniel James, Welsh national football player

Deaths

• 461 – Pope Leo I, first Italian aristocrat to become Pope – Doctor of the Church (b. 400)
• 893 – Theophano, Byzantine Emperor VI. Leon's first wife
• 901 – Adélaïde of Paris, second wife of Louis the Stutter, king of the West French Kingdom (b. 850/853)
• 1241 – IV. Celestinus, pope from 25 October 1241 until his death on 10 November of the same year
• 1284 – Siger of Brabant, philosopher (b. 1240)
• 1290 – Kalavun, the seventh ruler of the Mamluk State from the Bahri Dynasty of Turkish origin who ruled in Egypt between 1279 and 1290 (b. 1222)
• 1444 – III. Władysław, king of Poland, Hungary and Croatia (b. 1434), who ruled for 1444 years from 10 until his death in 1424
• 1549 – III. Paul, Pope (b. 1468)
• 1605 – Safiye Sultan, Ottoman Sultan III. Murad's wife (b. 1550)
• 1673 – Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, reigning from September 29, 1669 to 1673 (b. 1640)
• 1848 – Kavalalı İbrahim Pasha, Governor of Egypt and Sudan (b. 1789)
• 1887 – Louis Lingg, German anarchist (b. 1864)
• 1891 – Arthur Rimbaud, French poet (b. 1854)
• 1911 – Félix Ziem, French painter and traveler (b. 1821)
• 1916 – Glenn Scobey Warner, American geneticist and medical doctor (b. 1877)
• 1938 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and first president of the Turkish Republic (b. 1881)
• 1981 – Abel Gance, French director, actor and writer (b. 1889)
• 1982 – Leonid Brezhnev, Soviet Union leader (b. 1906)
• 1983 – Osman Yüksel Serdengeçti, Turkish politician and journalist (b. 1917)
• 1984 – Emin Kalafat, Turkish politician and former Minister of Customs and Monopoly (b. 1902)
• 1992 – Chuck Connors, American actor (b. 1921)
• 1995 – Ken Saro-Wiwa, Nigerian writer, television producer, environmentalist, and Goldman Environmental Award winner (b. 1941)
• 1998 – Mary Millar, British actress (b. 1936)
• 2000 – Adamandios Andruçopoulos, lawyer and professor (b. 1919)
• 2000 – Jacques Chaban-Delmas, French politician, Prime Minister and Speaker of the Parliament (b. 1915)
• 2001 – Ken Kesey, American author (b. 1935)
• 2002 – Michel Boisrond, French director and writer (b. 1921)
• 2003 – Canaan Banana, Zimbabwean politician and President (b. 1936)
• 2004 – Şeref Görkey, Turkish football player and coach (b. 1914)
• 2005 – Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1918)
• 2006 – Jack Palance, American actor (b. 1919)
• 2007 – Laraine Day, American actress (b. 1920)
• 2007 – Norman Mailer, American author and Pulitzer Prize winner (b. 1923)
• 2008 – Miriam Makeba, South African singer and civil rights activist (b. 1932)
• 2009 – Robert Enke, German football player (b. 1977)
• 2010 – Dino De Laurentiis, Italian filmmaker (b. 1919)
• 2013 – Atilla Karaosmanoğlu, Turkish academic and politician (b. 1932)
• 2015 – Helmut Schmidt, German Social Democratic politician who served as Chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982 (b. 1918)
• 2015 – Michael Wright, US-born Turkish former basketball player (b. 1980)
• 2017 – Ray Lovelock, Italian actor and singer (b. 1950)
• 2018 – Raffaele Baldassarre, Italian politician (b. 1956)
• 2018 – Joel Barcellos, Brazilian actor (b. 1936)
• 2018 – Erdoğan Karabelen, Turkish former national basketball player and athlete (b. 1935)
• 2018 – Liz J. Patterson, American politician (b. 1939)
• 2020 – Hanane El-Barassi, Libyan activist (b. 1974)
• 2020 – Charles Corver, Dutch professional football referee (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Isidro Pedraza Chávez, Mexican politician (b. 1959)
• 2020 – Juan Sol, Former Spanish international football player (b. 1947)
• 2020 – Mila del Sol, Filipino actress, entrepreneur, and philanthropist (b. 1923)
• 2020 – Tony Waiters, English football player and manager (b. 1937)
• 2020 – Sven Justus Fredrik Wollter, Swedish actor, writer, and political activist (b. 1934)
• 2020 – Mahmud Yaveri, Iranian football player and manager (b. 1939)

Holidays and special occasions

• 10 November Atatürk Commemoration Day and Atatürk Week