Those who hear the meaning of the word Hacer-ül Esved for the first time are looking for an answer to the question of what is Hacer-ül Esved and what does it mean. The compound al-Hajaru'l-esved means "black stone" in Arabic. Muslims who perform Hajj every year circumambulate the Kaaba and it is also known that they greet the Hacerül Esved stone.
Hacerü'l-esved, the black and shiny stone on the wall of the Kaaba and considered sacred by Muslims. During the pilgrimage, pilgrims greet, touch or kiss this stone at each turn while circumambulating. According to the belief, the holiness of Mecca was derived from the Kaaba, and the holiness of the Kaaba was derived from Hacerü'l-esved.
The black stone was the symbol of the goddess El-Lât, also known as Kaab, in the pre-Islamic period. Today, as in history, some religious groups oppose the religious practices performed within the framework of the sacredness of the Kaaba and the black stone.
Karataş was the symbol of the goddess Al-lat, also known as Kaab, in Petra in the pre-Islamic period.
Claims about Hacerü'l-esved
Various researches have been done about Hacerü'l-esved. It is claimed that Hacerü'l-esved is a piece of meteorite measuring approximately 50 centimeters. Today, parts of this stone are kept in a silver frame. This is thought to be related to the damage done by the Umayyads during their capture of Mecca.
Scientific origins
The Black Stone has never been analyzed by modern scientific techniques, and its origins remain the subject of speculation.
History of Hacerü'l-esved
Hacerü'l-esved is a stone considered sacred in pre-Islamic Arabia. prof. Wisdom Tanyu stated that there is a sacred black stone in all religions. It is known that this stone represents El-Lât, an important goddess in the Petra and Kudayd region in the pre-Islamic period. It was also used as the symbol of Cybele in Western Anatolia.
According to rumors, the Kaaba was damaged and rebuilt in the pre-Islamic period. During this construction, the question of who will place the black stone in its place and to whom this honor will belong has been a matter of honor that cannot be shared among the tribes, and this problem has been resolved with the arbitration of Muhammad.
In the internal turmoil that broke out after Muawiya's death, the Kaaba was stoned by Yazid's soldiers using catapults, the hit blackstone was divided into three pieces, and the Kaaba was destroyed. According to Canadian archaeologist and Islamic history researcher Dan Gibson, this destruction did not take place in today's city of Mecca, but in Petra, about 1200 kilometers to the north. Patricia Crone and Michael Cook also advanced the thesis that the “Masjid al-Haram” was not located in Mecca, but in the Northwest Arabian Peninsula, based on text and archaeological research.
Since the qibla walls and mihrab directions of the oldest mosques he reached in his research, Gibson brought together these findings with other clues from verse, hadith and sirah sources, he concluded that Muhammad lived in Petra and migrated to Medina from there. According to him, the "bekke" or "makkah" mentioned in the Qur'an sözcüHis words were also words denoting Petra. According to him, the first qibla of Muslims should have been the Kaaba, which was used as the Al-Lat temple in Petra, not Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. This structure was destroyed by catapults during the Abdullah bin Zubayr uprising, which the Muslims called the Second Fitna, and Ibn Zubayr took the black stone with other sacred objects in the Kaaba and moved it to the location of today's Mecca, away from the Umayyad attacks, and built the new temple here. The new place, which won the support of the Abbasids against the Umayyads, was completely adopted at the end of a transition period of several centuries, and the direction of the newly built mosques began to be built towards Mecca. However, under the influence of the Umayyads, the North African and Andalusian mosques continued to oppose the new qibla by turning their direction in a completely different direction, towards South Africa. However, this claim is opposed on the grounds that in some mosques the direction of the qibla is incorrect, as Muslims could not correctly calculate the location of the Kaaba in the early period. As a matter of fact, it is stated that the qibla direction of some mosques built near the present day is calculated incorrectly. Even in Mecca, where the Kaaba is located, it has been determined that the qibla direction of around 50 mosques, some of which are more than 200 years old, is wrong. The 7th century Assyrian writer named John bar Penkaye does not mention the relocation of the Kaaba or Petra in his chronicles that he wrote while the Abdullah bin Zubayr Rebellion was going on, mentioning the location of the Kaaba as far away from the desert, and the claims that the Kaaba was moved or actually located in Petra. counterclaimed. There is also an opinion that al-Rakîm (الرقيم) mentioned in Surat al-Kahf is Petra (Raqēmō). Ptolemy, the 2nd century (100-200) astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, and geographer, published a list of 50 cities in Arabia, and the list included a city called "Macoraba". Although there have been ongoing speculations since 1646, there are still debates about the connection of this city with Mecca. Recently, researchers using advanced mathematical models to reconstruct ancient maps and translate their location to modern coordinates have been able to confirm that Mecca and the city of Macoraba mentioned by Ptolemy are in the same place.
In 929, the Great Karmat general Abu Tahir captured Mecca and plundered the Kaaba and took Karataş with the Kaaba treasure. A part of the stone was brought back in 1051 and put in its place.
Faith
According to Deylemî's narration from Anas, the Prophet Muhammad said: "Hajar al-Aswad is the right hand of Allah, anyone who touches this stone will have pledged/pledged that he will not rebel against Allah." The metaphor is believed to be an expression.
According to a hadith recorded in Tirmidhi's Sunan, it is stated that the stone descended from heaven, was white at first, but darkened with the sins of the sinners.
The second caliph, Omar bin Khattab, said about this stone, “I know that you are a stone without any benefit or harm. It is reported that he said, "If I had not seen the Messenger of Allah kiss you, I would not have kissed you."
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