In vitro fertilization, one of the assisted reproductive techniques, has been used quite frequently in recent years. With the development of technology, the success rate of IVF has increased considerably. Couples who are considering in vitro fertilization treatment go into research to understand what kind of process awaits them. The most curious subjects in IVF treatment are Gynecology, Obstetrics and IVF Specialist Prof. Dr. Deniz Ulaş is telling. Who is IVF? What are IVF Treatment Stages? How many times can IVF be done? Do IVF Drugs Cause Cancer? What is IVF Success Rate?
Who is IVF?
While IVF treatment was used in the patient group with certain criteria, it has now become the first-line treatment for couples who cannot conceive. The reason for this is the increase in the success rate of in vitro fertilization, the decrease in in vitro fertilization costs and the fact that in vitro fertilization treatment can be performed in many centers. In case of azoospermia (absence of sperm) in men and occluded bilateral tubes in women, it is impossible to achieve pregnancy except in vitro fertilization treatment. These patients should be treated with IVF immediately.
Apart from this, IVF treatment can be applied to the following patient group;
1- Those with a history of unsuccessful vaccination therapy
2- Advanced age in women
3- Low ovarian reserve
4- Sperm disorders
5- Having a family history that requires genetic research
IVF Treatment Stages
IVF treatment consists of 3 stages.
1- Egg development stage
2- Egg collection stage
3- Embryo transfer stage
The egg development phase begins on the 2nd or 3rd day of menstruation. The patient uses needles that develop eggs every day. These needles are easy to make and can be easily applied by the patient. At 2-3 day intervals, the growth of the egg is checked by ultrasound. When the eggs are of sufficient size, the cracking needle is made. Egg collection is started 36 hours after the cracking needle. This stage lasts an average of 10-12 days. This period may be shorter or longer depending on the patient's response.
The egg collection phase of IVF treatment is performed in the hospital under general anesthesia. All eggs are taken out with the help of a negative pressure instrument under ultrasound guidance and delivered to the embryology laboratory. The process takes about 10-20 minutes. The patient can return to his normal life on the same day.
Sperm is also taken from the patient's partner on the day the egg is collected. These sperm are fertilized with the collected healthy (M2) eggs. This process is called microinjection. The next day it becomes clear how many eggs have been fertilized.
Depending on the number and quality of the embryos, the day of transfer is decided. Embryo transfer is usually done on the 3rd or 5th day. Since embryo transfer is a painless procedure, anesthesia is not required. Depending on the characteristics of the couple, 1 or 2 embryos are transferred. If there are any remaining healthy embryos, these embryos are frozen for later use.
How many times can IVF be done?
Stating that there is no limitation on how many times IVF treatment can be performed, Prof. Dr. Deniz Ulaş emphasized that the chance of pregnancy is the highest in the first 3 attempts. Deniz Ulaş says that the number of times in vitro fertilization can be done depends on the characteristics of the couple. He also underlined that it should not be forgotten that there are patients who became pregnant during IVF treatment.
IVF Success Rate
There are many factors that affect the IVF success rate. The most important of these is the age of the woman. Because after the age of 38-40, egg quality decreases and the chance of pregnancy decreases. Studies have shown that the average success rate of IVF is 40-50%.
Do IVF Drugs Cause Cancer?
Stating that one of the most important concerns about IVF treatment is the risk of in vitro fertilization drugs to increase the risk of cancer, Prof. Dr. Deniz Ulaş underlined that the most important theory of the emergence of ovarian cancer is epithelial damage due to ovulation. In IVF treatment, many eggs are formed at once. Although a slight increase in the risk of ovarian cancer was found in studies based on this logic, this result could not be demonstrated in all studies.
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