Today in History: Mustafa Kemal Appointed to Anafartalar Group Command

August 8 is the 220th (221th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 145.

Railways

• 8 August 1903 The bridge between Florina and Kinali stations was destroyed

Events

• 1220 – Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula.
• 1526 – The Siege of Thigh is concluded and the city of Uyluk is annexed to the Ottoman Empire.
• 1588 - The Spanish Armada's campaign to land in England ends in defeat.
• 1648 – To the Ottoman throne, IV. Mehmet (Hunter) is out.
• 1876 ​​- Thomas Edison patented a duplicator called the "mimeograph".
• 1908 - Wilbur Wright makes his first flight on the racetrack in Le Mans, France.
• 1915 – Mustafa Kemal was appointed to the Anafartalar Group Command.
• 1925 – The first congress of the anti-black secret organization Ku Klux Klan was held in the USA.
• 1928 – Taksim Republic Monument, made by Italian sculptor Pietro Canonica, was opened with a ceremony in Istanbul. More than 30.000 people from Istanbul attended the opening.
• 1929 - German airships, one of the most advanced of the Zeppelins LZ NOTHING Graf Zeppelin took off for a world tour.
• 1931 - Workers go on strike at Hoover Dam.
• 1945 – II. World War II: The Soviet Union declares war on Japan.
• 1949 – The Council of Europe held its first meeting in Strasbourg. Turkey was admitted to the Council of Europe.
• 1949 - Bhutan declared its independence.
• 1951 – Law No. 5830 on the closure of the Community Centers and the transfer of their properties to the Treasury was accepted in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1963 – The USA, UK and USSR sign the treaty on the cessation of nuclear tests in the Kremlin.
• 1964 – Pilot Captain Cengiz Topel, whose plane was hit during the operation in Cyprus, died in the hospital in the Greek part.
• 1974 - US President Richard M. Nixon resigns due to the Watergate scandal. Nixon became the first US President to resign.
• 1981 – Dalaman Airport, Turkey's first touristic airport, was opened.
• 1991 – The Warsaw Radio Tower was demolished.
• 1992 – An explosion occurred due to the compression of methane gas in a factory in Çorlu: 29 people died, 86 people were injured.
• 2000 – Confederate HL Hunley The shipwreck of the submarine was unearthed after being on the ocean floor for 136 years.
• 2008 – 29th Olympic Games started in Beijing.

Births

• 1170 – Dominic Nuñez de Guzman, founder of the Dominican order (d. 1221)
• 1748 – Johann Friedrich Gmelin, German naturalist, entomologist, and botanist (d. 1804)
• 1833 – Karl Klaus von der Decken, German explorer (d. 1865)
• 1879 – Emiliano Zapata, Mexican resistance fighter and leader of the Mexican Revolution (d. 1919)
• 1901 – Ernest Lawrence, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
• 1902 – Paul Dirac, English physicist and mathematician (d. 1984)
• 1910 – Sylvia Sydney, American actress (d. 1999)
• 1919 – Dino De Laurentiis, Italian filmmaker (d. 2010)
• 1919 – George Gerbner, Hungarian-American professor of communication science (d. 2005)
• 1921 – Esther Williams, American film actor and swimmer (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Aliya Izetbegovic, Bosnian politician (d. 2003)
• 1928 – Edip Cansever, Turkish poet (d. 1986)
• 1929 – Yılmaz Duru, Turkish actor, producer, director and screenwriter (d. 2010)
• 1936 – Çolpan İlhan, Turkish theater and cinema artist (d. 2014)
• 1936 – Erol Büyükburç, Turkish pop music artist (d. 2015)
• 1937 - Dustin Hoffman, American actor
• 1938 – Dave Godfrey, Canadian author and publisher (d. 2015)
• 1942 – Aziz Çalışlar, Turkish translator, researcher, essayist and dramatist (d. 1995)
• 1943 – Dengir Mir Mehmet Fırat, Turkish lawyer and politician (d. 2019)
• 1944 – Michael Johnson, American pop, country and folk singer, guitarist (d. 2017)
• 1950 – Jamie O'Hara, American country singer, songwriter, and guitarist (d. 2021)
• 1951 – Louis van Gaal, Dutch former football player and manager
• 1951 – Mohammed Morsi, Egyptian politician (d. 2019)
• 1951 – Mamoru Oshii, Japanese animator, director and screenwriter
• 1952 – Jostein Gaarder, Norwegian writer
• 1953 – Seynan Levent, Turkish program producer, television director and reporter
• 1955 – Herbert Prohaska, Austrian national football player and manager
• 1956 – Cecilia Roth, Argentine actress
• 1960 – Mustafa Balbay, Turkish journalist
• 1964 – Giuseppe Conte, Italian lawyer, academic and politician
• 1964 – Nuray Ağırtaş, Turkish singer and composer (d. 2018)
• 1967 – Uche Okafor, Nigerian football player (d. 2011)
• 1970 – José Francisco Molina, Spanish football player and manager
• 1972 – Joely Collins, Canadian producer and actor
• 1973 – Cem EĞİRIR, Turkish presenter and reporter
• 1976 – JC Chasez, American singer, songwriter, dancer, record producer, and actor
• 1976 – Tawny Cypress, American television actress
• 1977 Lindsay Sloane, American actress
• 1977 – Ebru Yaşar, Turkish singer
• 1978 – Alan Maybury, Irish former international footballer
• 1978 – Louis Saha, French football player
• 1981 – Vanessa Amorosi, Australian singer and musician
• 1981 – Roger Federer, Swiss tennis player
• 1981 – Simge Sağın, Turkish pop music singer
• 1981 – Harel Skaat, Israeli singer-songwriter and actress
• 1983 – Bade Iscil, Turkish actress
• 1985 – Anita Włodarczyk, Polish hammer thrower
• 1988 - Beatrice, member of the British royal family
• 1988 – Danilo Gallinari, Professional Italian basketball player
• 1988 - Katie Leung, Scottish actress
• 1990 – Vladimír Darida, Czech national football player
• 1991 – Nélson Oliveira, Portuguese-born young football player
• 1992 – Casey Cott, American actress
• 1992 – Josip Drmic, Swiss national football player
• 1994 - Cameron Payne, American professional basketball player
• 1998 – Shawn Mendes, Canadian singer-songwriter

Deaths

• 117 – Trajan, Roman Emperor (b. 53)
• 869 – II. Lothar, king of Lotharingiya from 855 to his death (b. 835)
• 1545 – Injong, 12th king of the Joseon Kingdom (b. 1515)
• 1553 – Girolamo Fracastoro, Italian physicist (b. 1478)
• 1555 – Oronce Finé, French mathematician and cartographer (b. 1494)
• 1719 – Christoph Ludwig Agricola, German painter (b. 1667)
• 1746 – Francis Hutcheson, Irish philosopher (b. 1694)
• 1827 – George Canning, English statesman (b. 1770)
• 1828 – Carl Peter Thunberg, Swedish naturalist (b. 1743)
• 1897 – Jacob Burckhardt, Swiss art historian (b. 1818)
• 1897 – Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, Spanish Prime Minister (b. 1828)
• 1898 – Eugène Boudin, French painter (b. 1824)
• 1902 – Jacques Joseph Tissot, French painter who spent most of his career in England (b. 1836)
• 1902 – John Henry Twachtman, American painter (b. 1853)
• 1944 – Erwin von Witzleben, German soldier and marshal of Nazi Germany (b. 1881)
• 1944 – Michael Wittmann, German soldier (nicknamed “The Black Baron”, tank commander in World War II) (b. 1914)
• 1947 – Anton Ivanovich Denikin, Russian general (b. 1872)
• 1959 – Albert Namatjira, Aboriginal artist (b. 1902)
• 1961 – Avram Galanti from Bodrum, Turkish educator, politician (b. 1873)
• 1964 – Cengiz Topel, Turkish Pilot Captain (b. 1934)
• 1973 – Dean Corll, American serial killer (b. 1939)
• 1974 – Baldur von Schirach, German politician and Hitler Youth leader in Nazi Germany (b. 1907)
• 1974 – Galip Arcan, Turkish theater artist, playwright and actor (b. 1894)
• 1975 – Cannonball Adderley, American jazz alto saxophonist (b. 1928)
• 1985 – Louise Brooks, American actress and dancer (b. 1906)
• 1985 – Abdulkadir Bulut, Turkish poet (b. 1943)
• 1985 – Leo Weisgerber, German linguist (b. 1899)
• 1991 – James Irwin, American astronaut (b. 1930)
• 1992 – Ebu'l-Kasım Hoyî, Iranian-Iraqi Shiite authority (b. 1899)
• 1996 – Nevill Mott, English physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1905)
• 1998 – Bekir Yıldız, Turkish short story writer (b. 1933)
• 2004 – Fay Wray, Canadian-American actress (b. 1907)
• 2005 – Ahmed Deedat, Muslim writer and speaker (b. 1918)
• 2005 – Barbara Bel Geddes, American actress (b. 1922)
• 2007 – Melville Shavelson, American film director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1917)
• 2008 – Orville Moody, American golfer (b. 1933)
• 2009 – Dani Jarque, Spanish football player (b. 1983)
• 2009 – Aram Tigran, Armenian musician (b. 1934)
• 2010 – Patricia Neal, American actress (b. 1926)
• 2010 – Massamasso Tchangai, Togolese national football player (b. 1978)
• 2011 – Cem Erman, Turkish actor (b. 1947)
• 2012 – Kemal Suman, Turkish tourism professional and writer (b. 1942)
• 2013 – Karen Black, American actress (b. 1939)
• 2014 – Charles Keating, English actor and voice actor (b. 1941)
• 2015 – Gönül Ceylan Ece, Turkish film actress and singer (b. 1936)
• 2015 – Sean Price, American rap artist and producer (b. 1972)
• 2017 – Arleta, Greek musician (b. 1945)
• 2017 – Glen Campbell, American singer, actor, and musician (b. 1936)
• 2017 – Barbara Cook, American singer and actress (b. 1927)
• 2017 – Arlene Gottfried, American photographer (b. 1950)
• 2017 – Ken Roberts, English professional rugby player (b. ?)
• 2017 – Gonzague Saint Bris, Award-winning French novelist, biographer and journalist (b. 1948)
• 2017 – Janet Seidel, Australian female singer, pianist and educator (b. 1955)
• 2017 – Emerenciana Ortiz Santos, Filipino actress (b. 1937)
• 2017 – Mattlan Zackhras, Marshall Islands politician who served as Secretary of State (b. 1970)
• 2018 – Nicholas Bett, Kenyan athlete (b. 1992)
• 2018 – Ronald Crawford, Australian former Olympic long jumper (b. 1936)
• 2018 – Arthur Davies, Welsh male opera singer (b. 1941)
• 2018 – Willie Dille, Dutch politician (b. 1965)
• 2018 – Jarrod Lyle, Australian professional golfer (b. 1981)
• 2018 – Linda Mkhize, South African rapper, singer and DJ (b. 1981)
• 2018 – Takeshi Onaga, Japanese politician (b. 1950)
• 2018 – Mikhail Shahov, Ukrainian wrestler (b. 1931)
• 2019 – Mazhar Krasniqi, New Zealand Muslim community leader and human rights activist (b. 1931)
• 2019 – Manfred Max Neef, Chilean politician and economist (b. 1932)
• 2020 – V. Balakrishnan, Indian politician (b. 1939)
• 2020 – Buruji Kashamu, Nigerian politician (b. 1958)
• 2020 – Alfredo Lim, Filipino politician (b. 1929)
• 2020 – Chica Xavier, Brazilian actress (b. 1932)
• 2020 – Nandi Yellaiah, Indian politician (b. 1942)

Holidays and special occasions

• Independence Day: Liberation of Bitlis from Russian and Armenian occupation 1916