Today in History: Erzurum Congress Started

July 23 is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 161.

Railways

• 23 July 1939 The French soldiers in Hatay withdrew and the Payas-İskenderun line was delivered.

Events

• 1784 – In the earthquake that took place in Erzincan, Turkey, 5 thousand people lost their lives.
• 1821 – The Greeks, who captured the city of Monemvasia during the Peloponnese Revolt, massacred 3.000 Turks.
• 1829 - William Austin Burt invented the typography machine, the first version of the typewriter.
• 1881 – The International Gymnastics Federation, the world's oldest sports federation, was founded in Liège, Belgium.
• 1888 – The International Anthem was sung for the first time by workers in Lille, France.
• 1894 - Japanese forces occupy the Seoul Royal Palace and dethrone the King of Korea.
• 1903 - Ford company sells its first car.
• 1911 – Nearly 300 houses were damaged in the big fire in Aksaray Yeşil Tulumba in Istanbul.
• 1911 – Hürriyet-i Ebediye Hill, the work of Architect Muzaffer Bey, was opened.
• 1919 – Erzurum Congress started. What are the Erzurum Congress Decisions?
• 1926 - The Fox Film Company patents the "Movietone" sound system, which makes it possible to record sound on filmstrip.
• 1929 – Fascist Government in Italy, foreign sözcübanned the use of clarinet.
• 1932 – The master plan, called the Jansen plan, prepared by German architect Hermann Jansen for Ankara was approved.
• 1939 – Following the Hatay Assembly's decision to join Turkey on June 29, 1939, the French Forces left the Hatay State.
• 1951 – Treaty of Paris enters into force.
• 1952 – The Free Officers Movement in Egypt led by Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew King Farouk and put an end to the monarchy.
• 1960 – Turkish Literary Unions held an extraordinary meeting. At the meeting; Peyami Safa, Samet Ağaoğlu and Faruk Nafız Çamlıbel were expelled from the Union on the grounds that they were supporters of the repression regime before the 27 May Coup.
• 1961 – The Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) is founded in Nicaragua.
• 1963 - France refuses to join the "Test Ban Treaty" made in Moscow to limit nuclear tests.
• 1967 - One of the bloodiest riots in US history begins in Detroit, Michigan. When the events are over; 43 dead, 342 injured and approximately 1400 burned buildings remained.
• 1974 – In the three-day campaign in Cyprus; There were 57 martyrs, 184 injured and 242 casualties.
• 1976 – The Seismic-1 research vessel (Hora) was launched into the Aegean Sea with a ceremony from İstinye Shipyard.
• 1983 – The Buddhist majority in Sri Lanka massacres about 3.000 Tamils. Around 400.000 Tamils ​​fled to neighboring countries. The event went down in Sri Lankan history as the "Black July".
• 1986 - Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson got married.
• 1993 – Agdam was occupied by Armenian separatists.
• 1995 - Discovery of comet Hale-Bopp.
• 1996 – Aydın Administrative Court; Gökova accepted the request to stop the activities of Yeniköy and Yatağan thermal power plants on the grounds that they harm the environment.
• 2000 – Yasemin Dalkılıç, underwater sports; He broke two world records with 120 meters in unlimited diving and 100 meters in limited variable weight freediving.
• 2005 – Bombs exploded at three different points in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, killing 88 people.
• 2010 - One Direction band formed.

Births

• 1649 – XI. Clemens, Pope (d. 1721)
• 1821 – August Wilhelm Malm, Swedish zoologist (d. 1882)
• 1854 – Ernest Belfort Bax, English socialist journalist and philosopher (d. 1926)
• 1856 – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian scholar, lawyer, mathematician, philosopher, and nationalist leader (d. 1920)
• 1870 – Frederick Alexander Macquisten, British lawyer and politician (d. 1940)
• 1878 – Sadri Maksudi Arsal, Turkish-Tatar statesman, lawyer, academic, thinker and politician (d. 1957)
• 1882 – Kazım Karabekir, Turkish soldier and politician (d. 1948)
• 1884 – Emil Jannings, German film actor (d. 1950)
• 1888 – Raymond Chandler, American author (d. 1959)
• 1892 – Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (d. 1975)
• 1894 – Alfred Kinsey, American biologist, professor of entomology and zoology (d. 1956)
• 1897 – Ali Mümtaz Arolat, Turkish poet (d. 1967)
• 1899 – Gustav Heinemann, 3rd President of Germany (d. 1976)
• 1906 – Vladimir Prelog, Croatian-Swiss chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (d. 1998)
• 1908 – Behçet Kemal Çağlar, Turkish poet (d. 1969)
• 1920 – Amalia Rodrigues, Portuguese fado singer and actress (d. 1999)
• 1924 – Gazanfer Bilge, Turkish wrestler and businessman (d. 2008)
• 1925 – Arif Damar, Turkish poet (d. 2010)
• 1930 – Roger Hassenforder, French professional cyclist (d. 2021)
• 1931 – Jan Troell, Swedish screenwriter and filmmaker
• 1933 – Richard Rogers, Italian architect
• 1934 – Héctor de Bourgoing, Argentine-French former football player (b. 1993)
• 1942 – Anne Aaserud, Norwegian art historian (d. 2017)
• 1943 – Tony Joe White, American rock-funk-blues musician, songwriter, and singer (d. 2018)
• 1950 – Namık Korhan, Turkish Cypriot diplomat
• 1951 – Edie McClurg, American actress, comedian, and voice actor
• 1953 – Kazım Akşar, Turkish theater and film actor
• 1953 – Necip Razak, Malaysia's sixth prime minister
• 1953 – Ahmet Sezerel, Turkish film actor
• 1956 – Atilla Sertel, Turkish journalist and politician
• 1957 – Theo van Gogh, Dutch film director, producer, screenwriter, author, and journalist (d. 2004)
• 1959 – Mauro Zuliani, Italian athlete
• 1961 – Martin Gore, English musician, songwriter and composer (Depeche Mode)
• 1961 – Woody Harrelson, American actor and Emmy Award winner
• 1964 – Bekir Ilıcalı, Turkish businessman and President of Erzurumspor
• 1964 – Nick Menza, German musician and drummer (d. 2016)
• 1965 – Slash, English guitarist (Guns N' Roses)
• 1965 – Jörg Stubner, German former professional football player (d. 2019)
• 1967 – Philip Seymour Hoffman, American actor and Academy Award winner (d. 2014)
• 1968 - Gary Payton, American basketball player
• 1969 – Marco Bode, German national football player
• 1970 - Charisma Carpenter, American actress
• 1971 – Alison Krauss, American bluegrass-country singer, songwriter, and violinist
• 1972 – Élber Giovane, Brazilian football player
• 1972 – Élber Giovane, Brazilian football player
• 1972 – Marlon Wayans, American actor, producer, and comedian
• 1972 – Suat Kılıç, Turkish lawyer and politician
• 1973 – Monica Lewinsky, American public servant and former White House intern
• 1975 – Alessio Tacchinardi, Italian former international football player
• 1976 – Jonathan Gallant, Canadian guitarist (Billy Talent band)
• 1976 – Öztürk İlmaz, Turkish rock music singer
• 1976 – Judit Polgár, Hungarian chess master
• 1979 – Mehmet Akif Alakurt, Turkish actor
• 1979 – Sotiris Kiryakos, Greek football player
• 1980 – Michelle Williams, American gospel and R&B singer, songwriter, actress, and dancer
• 1981 - Susan Hoecke, German actress
• 1981 – Dmitriy Karpov, Kazakh athlete
• 1982 – Gokhan Unal, Turkish football player
• 1982 – Ömer Aysan Barış, Turkish football player
• 1982 – Paul Wesley, American actor
• 1983 - Aaron Peirsol, American swimmer
• 1984 – Walter Gargano, Uruguayan football player
• 1984 – Brandon Roy, American basketball player
• 1985 – Anna Maria Mühe, German actress
• 1987 – Serdar Kurtuluş, Turkish football player
• 1987 – Julian Nagelsmann, German coach
• 1989 – Burcu Kıratlı, Turkish actress
• 1989 – Daniel Radcliffe, English actor
• 1992 – Konstantinos Tzortziou, Greek e-athlete
• 1996 – Danielle Bradbery, American country music singer
• 1996 – Sinan Kurt, Turkish-German football player

Deaths

• 1160 – al-Fa'iz became the thirteenth Fatimid Caliph during 1154 -1160 (b. 1149)
• 1373 – Brigitte of Sweden, a Catholic Saint, Mystic and cult founder. (b. 1303)
• 1497 – Barbara Fugger, German businessman and banker (b. 1419)
• 1596 - Henry Carey, King VIII. Henry's son by Mary Boleyn (b. 1526)
• 1645 – Michael I, Tsar of Russia (b. 1596)
• 1756 – Erik Brahe, Swedish noble count (b. 1722)
• 1757 – Domenico Scarlatti, Italian composer (b. 1685)
• 1802 – María Cayetana de Silva, one of the popular models of Spanish aristocrat and painter Francisco de Goya (b. 1762)
• 1875 – Isaac Singer, American inventor, actor, and businessman (b. 1811)
• 1885 – Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President of the United States (b. 1822)
• 1916 – William Ramsay, Scottish chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
• 1926 – Viktor Vasnetsov, Russian painter (b. 1848)
• 1932 – Alberto Santos-Dumont, Brazilian aviator (b. 1873)
• 1941 – Kamil Akdik, Turkish calligrapher (b. 1861)
• 1942 – Nikola Vaptsarov, Bulgarian poet (b. 1909)
• 1942 – Valdemar Poulsen, Danish engineer and inventor (b. 1869)
• 1944 – Eduard Wagner, II. Nazi Germany army general who served in World War II (b. 1894)
• 1944 – Hans von Sponeck, German general, gymnast, and football player (b. 1888)
• 1948 – DW Griffith, American film director (b. 1875)
• 1951 – Philippe Pétain, French field marshal and President of Vichy France (b. 1856)
• 1951 – Robert Joseph Flaherty, American film director and producer (b. 1884)
• 1955 – Cordell Hull, Tennessee-American politician (b. 1871)
• 1966 – Montgomery Clift, American actor (b. 1920)
• 1967 – Ahmet Kutsi Tecer, Turkish poet, writer and educator (b. 1901)
• 1968 – Henry Hallett Dale, English pharmacologist and physiologist (b. 1875)
• 1971 – Van Heflin, American actor (b. 1910)
• 1972 – Suat Derviş, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1903)
• 1973 – Eddie Rickenbacker, American Medal of Honor as a World War I Ace pilot (b. 1890)
• 1976 – Mehmet Ertuğruloğlu, Turkish Cypriot politician and diplomat
• 1979 – Joseph Kessel, French writer and journalist (b. 1898)
• 1981 – Ivan Eklind, Swedish football referee (b. 1905)
• 1983 – Georges Auric, French composer (b. 1899)
• 1989 – Cevat Dereli, Turkish painter (b. 1900)
• 1989 – Donald Barthelme, American short story and novelist (b. 1931)
• 1991 – Ertan Anapa, Turkish composer and singer (b. 1939)
• 1996 – Aliki Vuyuklaki, Greek actress (b. 1934)
• 1997 – Chūhei Nambu, Japanese athlete (b. 1904)
• 1999 – II. Hassan, King of Morocco (b. 1929)
• 2000 – Cenk Koray, Turkish writer and journalist (b. 1944)
• 2003 – Sinan Erdem, Turkish volleyball player and President of the Turkish National Olympic Committee (b. 1927)
• 2004 – Serge Reggiani, Italian-French actor and singer (b. 1922)
• 2007 – Ernst Otto Fischer, German chemist and Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry (b. 1918)
• 2007 – Zahir Shah, Shah of Afghanistan (b. 1914)
• 2007 – Ziya Demirel, Turkish theater artist and director (b. 1919)
• 2008 – Fethi Naci, Turkish writer and critic (b. 1927)
• 2011 – Amy Winehouse, English singer and composer (b. 1983)
• 2012 – Sally Ride, American astronaut and astrophysicist (b. 1951)
• 2013 – Rona Anderson, Scottish actress (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Djalma Santos, Brazilian football player (b. 1929)
• 2014 – Dora Bryan, English actress (b. 1923)
• 2016 – Hüseyin Altın, Turkish singer and composer (b. 1958)
• 2016 – Thorbjörn Fälldin, Swedish politician (b. 1926)
• 2017 – Elliott Castro, Puerto Rican sports commentator, sports historian, and author (b. 1949)
• 2017 – John Kundla, American former NBA and college basketball coach (b. 1916)
• 2017 – Mehmet Nuri Nas, Turkish Agricultural Engineer and academic (b. 1969)
• 2017 – Bob DeMoss, Former American football player and coach (b. 1927)
• 2017 – Flo Steinberg, American comics writer and publisher (b. 1939)
• 2018 – Maryon Pittman Allen, American journalist, author, and politician (b. 1925)
• 2018 – Oksana Shachko, Ukrainian artist and activist (b. 1987)
• 2018 – Giuseppe Tonutti, Italian politician (b. 1925)
• 2019 – Prince Ferdinand von Bismarck, German lawyer, businessman, and noble (b. 1930)
• 2019 – Gabe Khouth, Canadian actor and voice actor (b. 1972)
• 2019 – Danica McGuigan, Irish actress (b. 1986)
• 2019 – Lois Wille, American journalist, editor, and columnist (b. 1931)
• 2020 – Lamine Bechichi, Algerian politician (b. 1927)
• 2020 – Hassan Brijany, Swedish actor (b. 1961)
• 2020 – Leida Rammo, Estonian actress and theater director (b. 1924)
• 2020 – Tamilla Sait kizi Rustemova-Krastinsh, Azerbaijani origin Soviet and Russian actress and pianist (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Jacqueline Scott, American actress (b. 1931)
• 2020 – Stuart Wheeler, English financier, businessman, politician, activist and lawyer (b. 1935)
• 2021 – Steven Weinberg, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1933)
• Toshihide Maskawa, Japanese Theoretical physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1940)

Holidays and special occasions

• Egypt – Revolution day (1952)
• Libya – Revolution day