Today in History: The Four-Day Libya-Egypt War Ends

July 24 is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. Number of days remaining until the end of the year160.

Railways

• 24 July 1908 Abdulhamid declared the Constitutional Monarchy by putting the Constitution into effect.
• 24 July 1920 The Government of Ankara has nationalized its budgets by confiscating all of the railways. The civil servants and workers of the railways owned by foreign companies were counted as government officials. An additional budget was made to cover the costs and revenues of the railways in the government budget.

Events

• 1823 - Slavery is banned in Chile.
• 1847 - Salt Lake City begins to be founded under the leadership of Brigham Young, a prophetess of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
• 1866 - Tennessee became the first state to be re-admitted to the union after the American Civil War.
• 1901 – Writer O. Henry is released on good behavior from a three-year prison in Austin, Texas, on charges of embezzlement.
• 1908 – II. Declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy: The Ottoman Constitution, which had been suspended for 29 years, came into force again.
• 1911 - Hiram Bingham III rediscovers Machu Picchu (the lost city of the Incas).
• 1915 – The cruise ship sank in Chicago; 845 people died.
• 1923 – Signing of the Treaty of Lausanne, in which the borders of today's Turkey were drawn to a large extent.
• 1931 – 48 people died in a fire in an old people's home in Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania).
• 1936 – Spanish Civil War: The Spanish Government asked the World for help due to the civil war.
• 1943 – II. World War II: British and Canadian planes bombard Hamburg at night and US planes during the day. When the operation is over in November; 9.000 tons of explosives would have been used, more than 30.000 people would have died, and 280.000 buildings would have been destroyed.
• 1950 - Journalists' Association declared the abolition of censorship as Press Day.
• 1952 – Flooding in Merzifon and Akşehir: 77 houses were destroyed, 500 cattle died and agricultural fields were flooded.
• 1955 – Ekrem Koçak broke the Mediterranean Games record in 800 meters and became the first.
• 1958 – The UK rejects Turkey's offer to send troops to Cyprus.
• 1959 – It was announced that about 1000 Turkmen were killed in Kirkuk, Iraq.
• 1960 – The Press Ethics Act was signed.
• 1963 – The Law on Unions and Collective Bargaining, Strikes and Lockouts were enacted.
• 1967 – 11 cleaning workers from Manisa, who went on strike on 90 May and marched to Ankara to claim their rights, traveled 930 kilometers to Ankara.
• 1967 – Turkish Workers' Party Istanbul Deputy Çetin Altan, whose immunity was lifted, applied to the Constitutional Court for the annulment of the decision.
• 1968 – One of the young people beaten by the police while raiding the Istanbul Technical University Dormitory, Faculty of Law student Vedat Demircioğlu died after being in a coma for eight days.
• 1974 – Seven years of junta rule in Greece came to an end; The exiled Constantine Karamanlis returned to form the Government.
• 1977 – The four-day Libya-Egypt war ends.
• 1985 – Yesilkoy Airport was named Ataturk Airport.
• 1986 – Kartal, Istanbul train accident: 9 dead, 18 injured.
• 2002 – The Independent Republican Party (BCP) was founded under the Chairmanship of Mümtaz Soysal.
• 2016 – The Republican People's Party organized the Taksim Rally.
• 2020 – Hagia Sophia Museum reopened as Hagia Sophia Mosque after 86 years.

Births

• 1783 – Simón Bolívar, South American revolutionary leader (d. 1830)
• 1802 – Alexandre Dumas, père, French writer (d. 1870)
• 1803 – Adolphe Adam, French composer (d. 1856)
• 1827 – Francisco Solano López, eldest son of Carlos Antonio Lopez (d. 1870)
• 1854 – Konstantin Josef Jireček, Czech historian, diplomat, and Slavist (d. 1918)
• 1855 – René Basset, French orientalist (d. 1924)
• 1857 – Henrik Pontoppidan, Danish writer (d. 1943)
• 1860 – Alphonse Mucha, Czech painter and graphic artist (d. 1939)
• 1864 – Juan Vicente Gómez, dictator of Venezuela (1908-1935) (d. 1935)
• 1892 – Alice Ball, American chemist (d. 1916)
• 1897 – Amelia Earhart, American aviator and author (d. 1938)
• 1922 – Namık Kemal Şentürk, Turkish statesman, bureaucrat and politician (d. 2020)
• 1925 – Hulki Saner, Turkish screenwriter, director and film producer (d. 2005)
• 1929 – Gülriz Sururi, Turkish theater actress (d. 2018)
• 1931 – Ermanno Olmi, Italian director (d. 2018)
• 1932 – Yıldız Moran, Turkish photographer, lexicographer and translator (d. 1995)
• 1936 – Dan Inosanto, American martial arts teacher and student of Bruce Lee
• 1938 – Jose Altafini, Italian football player
• 1939 – Walt Bellamy, American basketball player (d. 2013)
• 1940 – Ertuğrul Isinbark (Mandrake), Turkish illusionist (d. 2014)
• 1948 – Gene Zwozdesky, Canadian politician (d. 2019)
• 1950 – Fehmi Koru, Turkish journalist and writer
• 1952 – Gus Van Sant, American director and musician
• 1954 – Erdoğan Arıca, Turkish football player and coach (d. 2012)
• 1954 – Jorge Jesus, Portuguese football player and manager
• 1956 – Mehmet Ali Aydınlar, Turkish businessman and one of the Presidents of the Turkish Football Federation
• 1957 – Şevket Mirziyoyev, Uzbek politician and 2nd President of Uzbekistan
• 1961 – Jale Bekar, Turkish pop music singer
• 1963 – Karl Malone, American basketball player
• 1965 – Süleyman Nevzat Korkmaz, Turkish politician
• 1969 – Jennifer Lopez, American actress, singer, dancer, and fashion designer
• 1969 – Space Hepar, Turkish composer and producer (d. 1994)
• 1972 – Burak Şendağ, Turkish tango composer, bandoneonist and pianist
• 1973 – Evren Duyal, Turkish theater and film actor
• 1975 – Eric Szmanda, American actor
• 1975 Torrie Wilson, American model and wrestler
• 1976 – Tiago Monteiro, Portuguese Formula 1 driver
• 1977 – Mehdi Mahdavikia, Iranian football player
• 1977 – Serkan Kaya, Turkish singer, composer and lyricist
• 1979 – Cristian Rodrigo Zurita, Argentine football player
• 1979 - Rose Byrne, Australian actress
• 1981 – Onur Şan, Turkish singer
• 1981 – Summer Glau, American dancer, film and television actress
• 1982 – Anna Paquin, Canadian actress and Academy Award winner
• 1982 – Vyacheslav Krendelev, football player from Turkmenistan
• 1983 – Daniele De Rossi, Italian football player
• 1984 – Debby Stam, Dutch volleyball player
• 1986 – Vugar Hashimov, Azerbaijani chess player (d. 2014)
• 1987 – Merve Sevi, Turkish actress
• 1989 – Eko Yuli Irawan, Indonesian weightlifter
• 1996 – Fırat Alemdaroğlu, Turkish basketball player
• 1997 – Emre Mor, Turkish football player

Deaths

• 1862 – Martin Van Buren, 8th President of the United States (b. 1782)
• 1885 – Baldwin Martin Kittel, German botanist (b. 1797)
• 1927 – Ryunosuke Akutagava, Japanese writer (b. 1892)
• 1930 – Šatrijos Ragana, Lithuanian humanist writer and educator (b. 1877)
• 1941 – Afife Jale, the first Turkish actress (b. 1902)
• 1957 – Sacha Guitry, French actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1885)
• 1959 – Abdullah Shaik, Azerbaijani writer, poet and teacher (b. 1881)
• 1968 – Vedat Demircioğlu, Turkish revolutionary (ITU student and the first deceased of the 68 Generation in Turkey) (b. 1943)
• 1974 – James Chadwick, English physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1891)
• 1980 – Peter Sellers, English actor (b. 1925)
• 1984 – Jose Mauro de Vasconcelos, Brazilian writer (b. 1920)
• 1986 – Fritz Albert Lipmann, German-American biochemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1899)
• 1988 – Ilona Elek, Hungarian fencer (b. 1907)
• 1990 – Agah Hün, Turkish theater and film actress (b. 1918)
• 1991 – Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish-American author and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904)
• 1992 – Arletty, French actress and singer (b. 1898)
• 1995 – Sadik Ahmet, Western Thrace Turkish medical doctor and politician (known for his struggle for the rights of Western Thrace Turks) (b. 1947)
• 2002 – Adnan Yücel, Turkish poet (b. 1953)
• 2004 – Bob Azzam, Egyptian-born French singer of Lebanese descent (b. 1925)
• 2007 – Albert Ellis, American psychotherapist (b. 1913)
• 2010 – Theo Albrecht, German entrepreneur (b. 1922)
• 2011 – Didem Madak, Turkish poet (b. 1970)
• 2011 – GD Spradlin, American actress (b. 1920)
• 2012 – Nevin Çokay, Turkish painter (b. 1930)
• 2012 – Chad Everett, American actor (b. 1937)
• 2012 – Sherman Hemsley, American singer, actor, and comedian (b. 1938)
• 2012 – John Atta Mills, third president of the Fourth Republic of Ghana (b. 1944)
• 2013 – Mohammed Al-Brahmi, Tunisian opposition politician (b. 1955)
• 2013 – Garry Davis, American activist (b. 1921)
• 2016 – Marni Nixon, American female soprano, actress, and singer (b. 1930)
• 2017 – Luis Gimeno, Uruguay-born Mexican actor (b. 1927)
• 2017 – Udupi Ramachandra Rao, Indian scientist (b. 1932)
• 2019 – Claes Andersson, Swedish-speaking Finnish politician, psychiatrist, writer, poet and jazz musician (b. 1937)
• 2019 – Günay Tuncel, Turkish organizer and operator (b. 1940)
• 2019 – Margaret Fulton, Scottish-born Australian-British gourmet, food chef, author, commentator and journalist (b. 1924)
• 2019 – Sergio Di Giulio, Italian actor and voice actor (b. 1945)
• 2020 – Nina Andreyeva, Russian chemist, educator, writer, political activist, critic (b. 1938)
• 2020 – Benjamin Mkapa, Tanzanian journalist, diplomat and politician (b. 1938)
• 2020 – Amala Shankar, Indian female dancer, actress and artist (b. 1919)

Holidays and special occasions

• Anniversary of the abolition of censorship in the Turkish press (Press Day)