Today in History: The Trojan War, The Looting and Burning of Troy

June 11 is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 203.

Railways

• 11 June 1923 Konya Şimendifer School was opened.

Events 

• 1184 BC – Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned.
• 1509 - King of England VIII. Henry married Catherine of Aragon.
• 1868 – Red Crescent was founded under the name of “Mecruhin ve Marda-yı Askeriyye Help and Auxiliary Society”.
• 1898 - Liberals in China came to power at the invitation of Emperor Guangxu, initiating the period known as the "Hundred Days Reform".
• 1901 - New Zealand annexed the Cook Islands.
• 1913 – Commander of the Movement Army, who suppressed the March 31 rebellion, Grand Vizier and Minister of War Mahmut Şevket Pasha was assassinated.
• 1919 – Mustafa Kemal informed Vahdettin, who called him back to Istanbul, that he would not return. Damat Ferid Pasha went to Paris from Istanbul to attend the Paris Peace Conference.
• 1929 – Turkey-Romania Trade and Navigation Agreement was signed.
• 1930 – The law on the establishment of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey was accepted in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1933 – The Law on Celebrating the 10th Anniversary of the Proclamation of the Republic was enacted.
• 1933 – Iller Bank was established.
• 1937 – Atatürk declared in Trabzon that he donated all his farms and properties to the nation.
• 1940 – II. World War II: British Forces bomb the Italian cities of Genoa and Turin. The Italian Air Force carried out its first attacks on the island of Malta. Norway surrendered to the German Armies after two months of resistance.
• 1945 – The Law on Landing the Farmer, which caused controversy in the Turkish Grand National Assembly, was accepted.
• 1954 – 6 workers died and 16 workers were injured in the firedamp explosion in Zonguldak.
• 1960 – A aid campaign was organized for the treasury in order to correct the deteriorated economic situation before 27 May.
• 1963 – Ankara Martial Law Command Zafer He closed his newspaper. Istanbul University was cordoned off.
• 1970 – Wrestler Ahmet Ayık became the World Champion.
• 1970 – Amendment to the Trade Unions Law was accepted in the Turkish Grand National Assembly with 4 votes, excluding the 230 MPs of the Turkish Workers Party. The amendments made in the law aimed to restrict the activities of the Revolutionary Workers' Unions Confederation, whose short name is DİSK. The Confederation of Revolutionary Trade Unions decided to take action on 15 June.
• 1973 – Clash broke out between tribes in the Kızıltepe district of Mardin. 12 people, including the Justice Party District President, were killed.
• 1973 – 1500 students who wanted a black rector in South Africa were expelled from the university.
• 1978 – With the enactment of the new execution law, which will benefit 3 convicts, evictions began.
• 1979 – The 5th devaluation of the history of the Republic was made; The value of the Turkish lira for 1 dollar was 47 liras and 10 kurus.
• 1981 – Bülent Ersoy was banned from performing.
• 1982 – The movie ET is released in the USA. Steven Spielberg adapted Melissa Mathison's story to the cinema and the film won 4 Oscars. Also, the hero in the movie became an icon for a short time.
• 1982 – Miss Turkey Nazlı Deniz Kuruoğlu was selected as Miss Europe.
• 1987 – The International Labor Organization (ILO) put Turkey on the list of “countries violating workers' rights” again. Reason; was that labor laws and articles of the constitution were contrary to the international conventions that Turkey signed.
• 1997 – Minister of Justice Şevket Kazan opened an investigation against the judges and prosecutors working at the Ankara Courthouse and SSC, who attended the General Staff's briefing.
• 1997 – It was reported that the Western Working Group was formed against reactionism under the General Staff.
• 1998 – The civil servants who reacted to the 20 percent hike given by the government, staged a work stoppage.
• 1999 – The Council of Ministers decided to strip Merve Kavakçı, who was elected as a Member of Parliament from the Virtue Party on 13 May 1999, from citizenship. Merve Kavakçı filed a lawsuit at the Council of State for the annulment of the decision and the stay of execution.
• 2001 – December 5, 1791 Trichinosis was shown as the cause of death of the genius composer Mozart, who died at the age of 35.
• 2001 – The 7th Ilaria Alpi International Special Award was given to Nadire Mater from Turkey and Carmen Gurruchaga from Spain.
• 2004 – Elvan Abeylegesse broke the 5000 meters World record, which has not been broken for 14 years, with a time of 24.68:7 in the 5000 meters race she ran in Bergen, Norway in the Golden League competition, and became the first Turkish athlete to break the World record.
• 2010 – 2010 FIFA World Cup started with South Africa – Mexico match.
• 2017 – Puerto Rico State Referendum held.

Births 

• 1572 – Ben Jonson, English writer (d. 1637)
• 1659 – Yamamoto Tsunetomo, Japanese samurai (d. 1719)
• 1776 – John Constable, English painter (d. 1837)
• 1811 – Vissarion Belinski, Russian critic and journalist (d. 1848)
• 1815 Julia Margaret Cameron, English photographer (d. 1879)
• 1842 - Karl von Linde, German inventor (d. 1934)
• 1847 – Millicent Fawcett, English feminist (d. 1929)
• 1864 – Richard Strauss, German composer (d. 1949)
• 1874 Helen Bradford Thompson Woolley, American psychologist (d. 1947)
• 1876 ​​Alfred Louis Kroeber, American anthropologist (d. 1960)
• 1880 – Jeannette Rankin, American feminist politician (d. 1973)
• 1881 – Mordecai Kaplan, American rabbi, educator, and theologian (d. 1983)
• 1884 – Werner Issel, German architect (d. 1974)
• 1888 – Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian immigrant American anarchist (d. 1927)
• 1899 – Yasunari Kavabata, Japanese novelist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)
• 1910 – Jacques-Yves Cousteau, French explorer, scientist, and filmmaker (d. 1997)
• 1923 – Özdemir Asaf, Turkish poet (d. 1981)
• 1928 – Fabiola, former queen of Belgium (d. 2014)
• 1929 – Ayhan Şahenk, Turkish businessman (d. 2001)
• 1931 – Enzo Benedetti, Italian football player and manager (d. 2017)
• 1933 – Erol Pekcan, Turkish jazzman and drummer (d. 1994)
• 1939 – Jackie Stewart, Scottish Formula 1 driver
• 1948 – Lynsey de Paul, English rock singer, composer, pianist and songwriter (d. 2014)
• 1957 – Müfit Erkasap, Turkish coach
• 1959 Hugh Laurie, English actor
• 1960 – Mehmet Öz, Turkish cardiovascular surgeon
• 1964 – Jean Alesi, Italian-French Formula 1 racer
• 1966 Greg Grunberg, American actor
• 1969 – Peter Dinklage, American film, television and stage actor
• 1977 – Ryan Dunn, American stunt performer, actor, and comedian (d. 2011)
• 1978 – Joshua Jackson, Canadian-American actor
• 1979 - Danilo Gabriel de Andrade, Brazilian professional football player
• 1981 – Emiliano Moretti, Italian football player
• 1982 – Marco Arment, American web developer
• 1983 – Ekaterina Iourieva, Russian athlete
• 1984 – Vágner Love, Brazilian football player
• 1985 – Dzmitry Koldun, Belarusian singer
• 1986 – Shia LaBeouf, American actor
• 1987 – Gonzalo Castro, German football player
• 1987 – Marsel İlhan, Turkish national tennis player of Uzbek descent
• 1988 – Claire Holt, Australian actress and model
• 1988 – Marcos Antônio Nascimento Santos, Brazilian former football player
• 1989 - Lorenzo Ariaudo, Italian football player
• 1991 – Dan Howell, English YouTuber
• 1992 – Julian Alaphilippe, French road cyclist and cyclocross racer
• 1999 - Kai Havertz, German football player

Deaths 

• 323 BC – Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia (b. 356)
• 1183 - Young King Henry II. He is the eldest surviving child of Henry and Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine (b.
• 1216 – Henri I, second emperor of the Latin Empire at Constantinople from 1206 to 1216 (b. 1174)
• 1345 – Alexios Apokaukos, Byzantine statesman and soldier (b. ?)
• 1488 – III. James was king of Scotland from 1460 to 1488 (b. 1451)
• 1557 – III. João, King of Portugal (b. 1502)
• 1727 – George I, King of England and Elector of Hanover (b. 1660)
• 1816 – Pierre Augereau, French field marshal and member of the High Council (b. 1757)
• 1847 – Afonso, heir apparent to the Brazilian Empire (b. 1845)
• 1852 – Karl Briullov, Russian painter (b. 1799)
• 1903 – Nikolai Vasilievich Bugaev, Russian mathematician (b. 1837)
• 1909 – Simon Newcomb, Canadian-American astronomer and mathematician (b. 1835)
• 1913 – Mahmud Şevket Pasha, Ottoman soldier and statesman (d. 1856)
• 1928 – Pekka Aakula, Finnish politician (b. 1866)
• 1936 – Robert E. Howard, American author (b. 1906)
• 1942 – Selahattin Enis Atabeyoğlu, Turkish novelist and short story writer (b. 1892)
• 1956 – Corrado Alvaro, Italian novelist and poet (b. 1895)
• 1963 – Thich Quang Duc, Vietnamese Buddhist monk (b. 1897)
• 1964 – Plaek Phibunsongkhram was a Thai military officer and politician who served as Prime Minister of Thailand from 1938 to 1944 and 1948 to 1957 (b.
• 1970 – Alexander Kerensky, Russian politician (b. 1881)
• 1971 – Roland Rohn, German architect (b. 1905)
• 1974 – Julius Evola, Italian writer of politics, philosophy, history, and religion from a traditionalist perspective (b. 1898)
• 1979 – John Wayne, American actor (b. 1907)
• 1984 – Enrico Berlinguer, General Secretary of the Italian Communist Party (b. 1922)
• 1988 – Giuseppe Saragat, Italian socialist politician (b. 1898)
• 1990 – Oldřich Nejedlý, Czech former international football player (b. 1909)
• 1993 – Friedrich Thielen, German politician (b. 1916)
• 1999 - DeForest Kelley, American actor
• 2004 – Jorge Martínez Boero, Argentine speedway (b. 1937)
• 2005 – Vasco Gonçalves, Portuguese general and politician (b. 1922)
• 2007 – Mala Powers, American actress (b. 1931)
• 2011 – Eliyahu M. Goldratt, Israeli businessman (b. 1947)
• 2012 – Ann Rutherford, Canadian-American actress (b. 1917)
• 2012 – Teófilo Stevenson, Cuban amateur boxer (b. 1952)
• 2013 – Robert Fogel, American economist (b. 1926)
• 2014 – Ruby Dee, American actress, author, and Human Rights activist (b. 1922)
• 2015 – Ornette Coleman, American jazz musician (b. 1930)
• 2015 – Ron Moody, English actor (b. 1924)
• 2015 – Dusty Rhodes, American former professional wrestler (b. 1945)
• 2016 – Rudi Altig, German professional cyclist (b. 1937)
• 2016 – Christina Grimmie, American singer-songwriter (b. 1994)
• 2017 – Errol Christie, Former professional English boxer and boxing trainer (b. 1963)
• 2017 – David Fromkin, American author, lawyer, and historian (b. 1932)
• 2017 – Jim Graham, Scottish-born American politician (b. 1945)
• 2018 – Oscar Furlong, Argentine tennis and basketball player, coach (b. 1927)
• 2018 – Yvette Horner, French accordionist (b. 1922)
• 2018 – Roman Kłosowski, Polish actor (b. 1929)
• 2019 – Carl Bertelsen, former Danish football player (b. 1937)
• 2019 – Gabriele Grunewald, American female middle-distance runner (b. 1986)
• 2019 – Valeria Valeri, Italian female dubbing artist, theater, film and TV actress (b. 1921)
• 2020 – Kraisak Choonhavan, Thai politician and musician (b. 1947)
• 2020 – Katsuhisa Hattori, Japanese classical composer and lawyer (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet, Gabonese diplomat and politician (b. 1961)
• 2020 – Rosa Maria Sardà, Spanish actress, comedian, and political activist (b. 1941)

Holidays and special occasions 

• "St. Barnabas Day" in Christianity