Today in History: Volkswagen Automobile Company Established

May 28 is the 148st day of the year (149nd in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 217.

Railways

• 28 May 1857 A company named Ottoman Railway was established from İzmir to Aydın by the British group that received the Izmir-Aydın line concession.

Events

• 585 BC - Alyattis and Cyaxares were fighting at the Battle of the Halys River when an eclipse occurred, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales. Thanks to the eclipse, a ceasefire was achieved. Knowing this date exactly enabled the calculation of the dates of many other events.
• 622 – Migration was completed with the reaching of Quba, which is 3 km away from Medina.
• 1812 – The Treaty of Bucharest was signed between the Ottoman Empire and Russia, and the Ottoman-Russian War of 1806-1812 ended.
• 1830 - U.S. President Andrew Jackson signs the Native Settlement Act, which allows for the removal and deportation of American Indians.
• 1862 – The Court of Accounts was established.
• 1871 - The Paris Commune fell.
• 1902 - Scientist Thomas Edison invented the battery.
• 1913 – Teali-i Nisvan, which can be considered as a feminist organization in the Ottoman Empire, was founded.
• 1913 – Ottoman feminists founded the Ottoman Defense of Rights Society to defend women's rights.
• 1918 – Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was declared by the Azerbaijan National Council in Tbilisi.
• 1919 – Mustafa Kemal Pasha informed civil and military high officials and commands that rallies be held against the occupations from Havza.
• 1919 – The notables of the Union and Progress, who were arrested in Istanbul, were exiled to Malta. There were 66 people in this first convoy, which was called Maltese exiles. The exiles lasted until November 20, 1920.
• 1930 – The Chrysler Building, one of the most important symbols of New York, was officially opened.
• 1933 - National socialists confiscate all the property of the Communist Party of Germany.
• 1937 - Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• 1937 - Volkswagen automobile company was founded.
• 1940 - Belgium and the Netherlands surrender to the Nazis.
• 1953 – The Turkish Brigade lost 28 martyrs in the battles that took place on 29-155 May in the Korean War.
• 1952 – Women were given the right to vote in Greece.
• 1954 – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) included Turkish as one of the most spoken languages.
• 1958 – Akis Magazine Editor-in-Chief Yusuf Ziya Ademhan was sentenced to 3 years, Editor-in-Chief Metin Toker was sentenced to 1 year in prison; The magazine was also closed for 3 months.
• 1959 - Two monkeys sent into space by the USA returned alive to Earth.
• 1960 – The National Unity Committee gave General Cemal Gürsel the duties of Prime Minister, Ministry of National Defense and Commander-in-Chief, in addition to the Chairmanship of the MBK. General Gürsel announced the Council of Ministers, which consists of military and civilian members, on the same day. Prime Minister Adnan Menderes was arrested on the way to Kütahya. It was announced that President Celal Bayar and seven ministers are under the supervision of the Armed Forces.
• 1961 – Amnesty International is founded in London.
• 1981 – President of the Revolutionary Workers' Unions Confederation (DİSK) Abdullah Baştürk and the Members of the Executive Board began to stand trial at the Istanbul Martial Law Military Court on the grounds that they incited and incited the workers to crime.
• 1983 – Orhan Pamuk received the Orhan Kemal Novel Award for his novel “Cevdet Bey and His Sons”.
• 1984 – President Kenan Evren spoke in Manisa for the “intellectual” debate: “When the country was occupied at the end of the First World War, when Atatürk started the War of Independence, he said in Istanbul, 'This war is madness. The cure for salvation is either the American mandate or the British mandate.' There were intellectuals who insisted. What should I do with such intellectuals?"
• 1984 – Five people escaped from Bayrampaşa Prison, four of them from the Revolutionary Left and one of them the manager of the Workers Peasants Liberation Army of Turkey (TİKKO).
• 1987 - West German pilot Mathias Rust pierced the Soviet air corridor and landed on Red Square in his small plane. Koldunov, Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, was dismissed.
• 1992 – Bridge of Hope connecting Turkey and Nakhchivan was put into service.
• 1999 – The 57th Government was established. Bülent Ecevit became the Prime Minister in the Coalition Government, which consisted of MHP, DSP and Motherland Party.
• 1999 – Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece Last dinner The painting, named after 22 years of restoration work, has started to be exhibited again in Milan, Italy.
• 2002 – NATO declared Russia a limited partner.
• 2004 – President Ahmet Necdet Sezer partially returned the “Law on Making Amendments to the Higher Education Law and the Higher Education Personnel Law”, known as the “YÖK Law”, to the Parliament on the grounds that it was aimed to encourage young people to be directed to imam hatip high schools.
• 2013 – Taksim Gezi Park events started.

Births

• 1524 – II. Selim, 11th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1574)
• 1660 – George I, Elector of Hanover and King of England (d. 1727)
• 1738 – Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, French physician (d. 1814)
• 1740 – Jean-André Venel, Swiss physician (d. 1791)
• 1759 – William Pitt, youngest prime minister in British history (d. 1806)
• 1779 – Thomas Moore, Irish poet, writer, and composer (d. 1852)
• 1789 – Bernhard Severin Ingemann, Danish novelist and poet (d. 1862)
• 1807 – Louis Agassiz, American zoologist, glaciologist, and geologist (d. 1873)
• 1888 – Jim Thorpe, American athlete (d. 1953)
• 1893 – Mina Witkojc, German writer (d. 1975)
• 1908 – Ian Fleming, English newspaper writer and novelist (creator of the character James Bond) (d. 1964)
• 1912 – Patrick White, Australian author and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
• 1921 – Heinz G. Konsalik, German novelist (d. 1999)
• 1925 – Bülent Ecevit, Turkish statesman, journalist and politician (d. 2006)
• 1925 - Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, German baritone, conductor and World War II. The most important lied artist after World War II (d. 2012)
• 1930 – Frank Drake, American astronomer and astrophysicist
• 1931 - Carroll Baker, American actor
• 1933 – Zelda Rubinstein, American actress (d. 2010)
• 1938 – Jerry West, American former basketball player
• 1940 – Maeve Binchy, Irish journalist, short story writer, and novelist (d. 2012)
• 1944 – Rudy Giuliani, American politician and lawyer
• 1944 – Sondra Locke, American actress (d. 2018)
• 1947 – Firengiz Alizade, outstanding Azerbaijani composer
• 1947 – Mehmet Ulay, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor
• 1947 – Zahi Hawass, Egyptian archaeologist, scholar, author, and researcher
• 1954 – João Carlos de Oliveira, Brazilian athlete (d. 1999)
• 1959 – Steve Strange, Welsh pop singer (d. 2015)
• 1961 – Ömer Asan, Turkish writer, producer and publisher
• 1963 – Zemfira Meftahaddinova, Azerbaijani shooter
• 1964 – İskender Över, Turkish poet, writer and critic (who wrote under the pen name Küçük İskender) (d. 2019)
• 1964 – Phil Vassar, American country music artist
• 1966 – Cemil Özeren, Turkish musician (d. 2012)
• 1968 – Kylie Minogue, Australian singer
• 1971 - Isabelle Carré, French actress
• 1971 – Yekaterina Gordeeva, Russian figure skater
• 1971 – Marco Rubio, American politician and US Senator for the State of Florida
• 1972 – Metin Arolat, Turkish singer
• 1972 Kate Ashfield, English actress
• 1974 – Hans-Jörg Butt, German former goalkeeper
• 1976 – Zaza Enden, Turkish basketball player and professional wrestler
• 1981 – Uğur İnceman, Turkish football player
• 1981 – Gábor Talmácsi, Hungarian motorcycle racer
• 1983 – Metin Akan, Turkish football player
• 1983 – Matthias Lehmann, German football player
• 1985 – Colbie Caillat, American pop singer, musician, songwriter, and guitarist
• 1985 – Carey Mulligan, English actress
• 1985 – Sebastian Urzendowsky, German actor
• 1986 – Sami Allagui, German-born Tunisian national football player
• 1986 – Colby Lopez, American professional wrestler
• 1988 – Ufo361, Turkish-German rapper and songwriter
• 1990 – Kyle Walker, English international football player
• 1991 – Ji Dong-Won, South Korean national football player
• 1991 – Alexandre Lacazette, French national football player
• 1992 – Koichi Maeda, Japanese football player
• 1994 – Son Yeon-jae, South Korean rhythmic gymnast
• 1999 – Cameron Boyce (d. 2019)
• 2000 - Phil Foden, English football player

Deaths

• 1750 – Sakuramachi, 115th emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 1720)
• 1787 – Leopold Mozart, Austrian composer (father of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) (b. 1719)
• 1847 – William Herbert, English botanist, plant painter, poet, and cleric (b. 1778)
• 1849 – Anne Brontë, English writer (b. 1820)
• 1910 – Emil Zuckerkandl, Austro-Hungarian anatomist, anthropologist and scientist (b. 1849)
• 1915 – Yenovk Şahen, Armenian actor and theater actor (b. 1881)
• 1916 – Albert Lavignac, French teacher, music theorist, and composer (b. 1846)
• 1937 – Alfred Adler, Austrian psychiatrist (b. 1870)
• 1952 – Sermet Muhtar Alus, Turkish journalist, writer and cartoonist (b. 1887)
• 1963 – Ion Agârbiceanu, Romanian writer (b. 1882)
• 1971 – Audie Murphy, American actor (b. 1924)
• 1972 – VIII. Edward, King of the United Kingdom from 20 January 1936 until his resignation on 11 December of the same year (b.
• 1978 – Orhan Peker, Turkish painter (b. 1927)
• 1983 – Çiğdem Talu, Turkish songwriter (b. 1939)
• 1984 – İbrahim Şevki Atasagun, Turkish politician and doctor (b. 1899)
• 1986 – Edip Cansever, Turkish poet (b. 1928)
• 1990 – Taiichi Ohno, Japanese industrial engineer and businessman (b. 1912)
• 2003 – Ilya Prigogine, Belgian chemist, physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1917)
• 2010 – Gary Coleman, American actor (b. 1968)
• 2013 – Viktor Kulikov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (b. 1921)
• 2014 – Ertuğrul Işınbark, Turkish illusionist and magician (b. 1940)
• 2014 – Maya Angelou, African-American writer, poet, and singer (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Malcolm Glazer, American business manager (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Mandrake, Turkish illusionist and magician (b. 1940)
• 2015 – Reynaldo Rey, American actor, comedian, and television host (b. 1940)
• 2016 – Giorgio Albertazzi, Italian actor, singer, screenwriter and film director (b. 1923)
• 2016 – Bryce Dejean-Jones, American basketball player (b. 1992)
• 2016 – David Cañada, Spanish racing cyclist (b. 1975)
• 2016 – Harambe, Gorilla (b. 1999)
• 2017 – John Noakes, British TV personality, presenter and actor (b. 1934)
• 2018 – Pippo Caruso, Italian composer, arranger and conductor (b. 1935)
• 2018 – Neale Cooper, Scottish former football player and coach (b. 1963)
• 2018 – Paulette Coquatrix, French female fashion designer (b. 1916)
• 2018 – Serge Dassault, French executive, businessman and politician (b. 1925)
• 2018 – Semavi Eyice, Turkish Byzantium and art historian (b. 1922)
• 2018 – Cornelia Frances, British-born Australian actress (b. 1941)
• 2018 – María Dolores Pradera, Spanish singer and actress (b. 1924)
• 2018 – Dick Quax, Dutch-born New Zealand athlete and politician (b. 1948)
• 2018 – Jens Skou, Danish chemist and Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry (b. 1918)
• 2018 – Michel Stolker, former Dutch racing cyclist (b. 1933)
• 2018 – Ola Ullsten, Swedish politician and diplomat (b. 1931)
• 2019 – Freddy Buache, Swiss journalist, film critic, and historian (b. 1924)
• 2019 – Carmine Caridi, American actress (b. 1934)
• 2020 – Gracia Barrios, Chilean painter (b. 1927)
• 2020 – Guy Bedos, French actor, comedian, screenwriter and stage performer (b. 1934)
• 2020 – Celine Fariala Mangaza, Congolese disability activist (b. 1967)
• 2020 – Claude Goasguen, French right-wing politician (b.1945)
• 2020 – Robert M. Laughlin, American anthropologist, linguist, and curator (b. 1934)
• 2020 – Jaroslav Švach, Czech professional football player (b. 1973)
• 2021 – Zehra Abdullayeva, Azerbaijani singer (b. 1952)
• 2021 – Resurreccion Acop, Filipino politician and physician (b. 1947)
• 2021 – Mark Eaton, American professional basketball player (b. 1957)
• 2021 – Barbara Ossenkopp, German nightclub dancer, actress, and animal rights activist (b. 1943)
• 2021 – Benoît Sokal, Belgian comics artist, writer and video game developer (b. 1954)

Holidays and special occasions

• Azerbaijan Republic Day