Today in History: Volvo Car Company Founded in Gothenburg, Sweden

April 14 is the 104nd (105rd in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 261.

Railways

• 14 April 1894 Belova-Vakarel line was leased to Bulgarians. It was decided that the Bulgarians would pay 2.250 francs annually, with 104.146 Frank per kilometer.

Events

• 1205 – Battle of Hadrianapolis between the Bulgarians under the command of Bulgarian Tsar Kaloyan and the Crusaders under the command of Latin Emperor Baudouin I. The battle was won by the Bulgarians, who, with the support of the Cumans and Byzantine Greeks, successfully set up an ambush.
• 1828 - Noah Webster, the first English dictionary An American Dictionary of the English Language'I published.
• 1865 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln died the next morning.
• 1894 - Thomas Edison made the first demonstration of his device called the "kinetoscope", which can be considered a pioneer of cinema.
• 1900 - Paris International Fair opened. The Ottoman Pavilion also took place in the fair.
• 1912 – Galata Bridge, which was commissioned for a German company in 1910, was put into service. Crossing the bridge was provided as a toll until 1930. Collectors wearing aprons collected the pass called 'Müruriye'.
• 1912 - RMS Titanic, the largest cruise ship of the time, collided with an iceberg at around 23:40 before midnight and began to sink.
• 1927 – Volvo vehicle company is founded in Gothenburg, Sweden.
• 1928 – Former Trade Minister Ali Cenani was handed over to the Supreme Court on the grounds that he had made irregularities in the use of the Ministry's budget.
• 1931 – King XIII of Spain. Alfonso abdicated and a republic was proclaimed.
• 1944 – A massive explosion in Mumbai Harbor, India, kills 300 people.
• 1947 – Wrestler Yaşar became the Eastern European Champion, and the Turkish national team won the third place in Europe.
• 1956 - Video was first introduced to the public in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1963 – Turkish Sports Writers and Sports Club Association was established.
• 1979 – The Process Leading to the September 12, 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979- September 12, 1980): In Beykoz, 2 police officers and the former manager of Şekerbank were killed. At the head of the murdered principal, “The expected day has come. Another public enemy is gone. Either freedom or death, the way of revolution, the way of the Cayans.” A written paper was found.
• 1981 – Bülent Ersoy changed gender after surgery in London.
• 1987 – Turkey officially applied for full membership to the European Economic Community. Turkey's application for full membership to the EEC was submitted by the Minister of State Ali Bozer to the Belgian Foreign Minister and EEC Term President Leo Tindemans.
• 1992 – Kartal Demirağ, who committed an armed attack on Prime Minister Turgut Özal and was sentenced to 20 years in prison, was released on parole.
• 1994 - US jets shot down two helicopters, including three Turkish officers, in northern Iraq.
• 1994 – About the group speech of Necmettin Erbakan, Chairman of the Welfare Party; The State Security Court, Ankara Chief Public Prosecutor's Office and the Supreme Court of Appeals opened three separate investigations.
• 1999 – NATO warplanes bombard a convoy of Kosovo Albanian refugees; 75 people died.
• 2000 - Russia ratifies the START II agreement, which envisages reduction in the number of nuclear warheads.
• 2007 – The Republic Meeting was held in Ankara's Tandoğan Square.
• 2010 – An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.1 occurred in the Chinese province of Qinghai. At least 2698 people were killed and more than 12.000 injured.
• 2020 – US President Donald Trump announces that the US is suspending funding from the World Health Organization (WHO), pending an investigation into its handling of the coronavirus pandemic and its relationship with China.

Births

• 1126 – Ibn Rushd, Andalusian Arab philosopher and physician (d. 1198)
• 1527 – Abraham Ortelius, Flemish cartographer and geographer (d. 1598)
• 1578 – III. Felipe, king of Spain (d. 1621)
• 1629 – Christiaan Huygens, Dutch astronomer, mathematician, and physicist (d. 1695)
• 1857 – Beatrice, British princess (d. 1944)
• 1866 – Anne Sullivan, Irish-American teacher (d. 1936)
• 1886 – Edward William Charles Noel, British intelligence officer (d. 1974)
• 1889 – Arnold Joseph Toynbee, English historian (d. 1975)
• 1891 – Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, Indian politician, philosopher, and lawyer (d. 1956)
• 1892 – Gordon Childe, Australian archaeologist (d.1957)
• 1904 – John Gielgud, English actor (d. 200)
• 1906 – Faisal bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia (d. 1975)
• 1907 – François Duvalier, President of Haiti (d. 1971)
• 1921 – Thomas C. Schelling, American economist (d. 2016)
• 1925 – Rod Steiger, American actor (d. 2002)
• 1926 – Arif Sami Toker, Turkish composer and vocalist (d. 1997)
• 1927 – David Akers-Jones, British politician (d. 2019)
• 1930 – Marco Formentini, Italian politician (d. 2021)
• 1932 - Loretta Lynn, American singer
• 1935 – Erich von Däniken, Swiss writer
• 1936 – Hilmi Yavuz, Turkish writer
• 1938 – Mahmud Esad Coşan, Turkish academic, writer and clergyman (d. 2001)
• 1940 - Julie Christie, English actress
• 1942 – Valeri Brumel, Russian high jumper (d. 2003)
• 1943 – Fuad Signora, Lebanese politician and former Interim President of Lebanon
• 1945 – Ritchie Blackmore, English guitarist, founding member of Deep Purple and Rainbow
• 1945 – Besim Tibuk, Turkish politician and businessman, founder and honorary chairman of the Liberal Democrat Party
• 1947 – Dominique Baudis, French politician (d. 2014)
• 1948 – Berry Berenson, American singer and model (d. 2001)
• 1951 – Gregory Winter, English biochemist
• 1952 – Ahmet Hossoyler, Turkish director and screenwriter
• 1957 – Ülkü Duru, Turkish actress
• 1958 – Tarık Tarcan, Turkish actor and model
• 1958 – Peter Capaldi, Scottish actor and director
• 1961 – Robert Carlyle, Scottish actor
• 1964 – Gina McKee, English actress
• 1965 – Ümit Ünal, Turkish film director and screenwriter
• 1967 – Julia Zemiro, French-Australian presenter
• 1968 – Anthony Michael Hall, American actor
• 1970 – Emre Altuğ, Turkish singer and actor
• 1973 – Adrien Brody, American actor
• 1973 – Roberto Ayala, Argentine football player
• 1974 – Da Brat, American rapper
• 1975 – Lita, American wrestler
• 1976 – Ali Lukunku, Congolese national football player
• 1976 – Serkan Çınar, Turkish referee
• 1977 – Serkan Altunigne, Turkish cartoonist
• 1977 – Sarah Michelle Gellar, American actress
• 1979 – Kerem Tunceri, Turkish basketball player
• 1981 - Willy William, French musician
• 1981 – Jacques Houdek, Croatian singer-songwriter
• 1982 – Uğur Boral, Turkish football player
• 1982 - Claudia Romani, Italian model
• 1983 – James McFadden, Scottish former international footballer
• 1987 – Erwin Hoffer, Austrian national football player
• 1995 – Melike Pekel, Turkish female football player
• 1996 - Abigail Breslin, American actress
• 1997 – Ante Ćorić, Croatian football player

Deaths

• 911 – Pope Paul III. Sergius was Pope from 29 January 904 until his death in 911 (860)
• 1759 – George Frideric Handel, German composer (b. 1685)
• 1860 – Eduard Friedrich Eversmann, German biologist and explorer (b. 1794)
• 1897 – Émile Levassor, French engineer (b. 1843)
• 1915 – Süleyman Askerî, Ottoman soldier (b. 1884)
• 1917 – Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof, Polish ophthalmologist and philologist (creator of the artificial language Esperanto) (b. 1859)
• 1925 – John Singer Sargent, American painter (b. 1856)
• 1930 – Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian writer (b. 1893)
• 1935 – Amalie Emmy Noether, German mathematician (b. 1882)
• 1947 – Salvador Toscano, Mexican film producer, director, and distributor (b. 1872)
• 1950 – Ramana Maharshi, Hindu mystic (b. 1879)
• 1951 – Ernest Bevin, British statesman (b. 1881)
• 1961 – Émile Henriot, French poet, novelist, essayist, and literary critic (b. 1889)
• 1963 – Arthur Jonath, German athlete (b. 1909)
• 1964 – Rachel Carson, American author (b. 1907)
• 1975 – Fredric March, American actor (b. 1897)
• 1980 – Gianni Rodari, Italian writer and journalist (b. 1920)
• 1981 – Faik Kurdoğlu, Turkish politician (b. 1892)
• 1981 – Suavi Süalp, Turkish humorist (b. 1926)
• 1986 – Simone de Beauvoir, French feminist writer (b. 1908)
• 1995 – Burl Ives, American actor and singer (b. 1909)
• 1997 – Seniye Fenmen, Turkish ceramic artist
• 1999 – Ellen Corby, 3 Emmy Award-winning American actress (b. 1911)
• 2002 – Abdurrahman Palay, Turkish theater and film actor, voice actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1923)
• 2005 – Esen Ünür, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1942)
• 2009 – Maurice Druon, French novelist (b. 1918)
• 2010 – Peter Steele, American musician, singer, and songwriter (b. 1962)
• 2011 – William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr., American chemist (b. 1919)
• 2012 – Jonathan Frid, Canadian actor (b. 1924)
• 2012 – Piermario Morosini, Italian football player (b. 1986)
• 2013 – Colin Rex Davis, British conductor (b. 1927)
• 2015 – Percy Sledge, American R&B musician and singer (b. 1940)
• 2016 – Liang Sili was a Chinese aerospace engineer (b. 1924)
• 2017 – Henry Hillman, American billionaire businessman, investor, civic leader, and philanthropist (b. 1918)
• 2017 – Bruce Langhorne, American folk musician (b. 1938)
• 2017 – Girish Chandra Saxena, Indian bureaucrat (b. 1928)
• 2018 – Isabella Biagini, Italian actress and showrunner (b. 1943)
• 2018 – Hal Greer, American former professional basketball player (b. 1936)
• 2018 – Robert Holmes, former American football player (b. 1945)
• 2018 – Jean-Claude Malgoire, French conductor (b. 1940)
• 2018 – Jon Michelet, Norwegian journalist, writer and novelist (b. 1944)
• 2019 – Bibi Andersson, Swedish actress (b. 1935)
• 2019 – Giuseppe Ciarrapico, Italian businessman, sports executive and politician (b. 1934)
• 2019 – David Brion Davis, American educator and historian (b. 1927)
• 2019 – Mirjana Marković, Serbian politician and first lady (b. 1942)
• 2020 – Haydar Baş, Turkish politician, businessman, theologian, writer, educator (b. 1947)
• 2020 – Miguel Ángel D'Annibale, Argentine Catholic bishop (b. 1959)
• 2020 – Danny Delaney, Welsh football player and manager
• 2020 – Margit Feldman, Hungarian-American educator, activist, and commentator (b. 1929)
• 2020 – William H. Gerdts, American art historian and professor of Art History (b. 1929)
• 2020 – Michael Gilkes, Caribbean literary critic, playwright, poet, filmmaker, and university lecturer (b. 1933)
• 2020 – Cyril Lawrence, English professional football player (b. 1920)
• 2020 – Kerstin Meyer, Swedish opera singer and academic (b. 1928)
• 2020 – Aldo di Cillo Pagotto, Brazilian Catholic archbishop (b. 1949)
• 2020 – Namık Kemal Şentürk, Turkish statesman, bureaucrat and politician (b. 1922)
• 2020 – Maria de Sousa, Portuguese immunologist, poet and writer (b. 1939)
• 2020 – Ella King Russell Torrey, US human rights activist (b. 1925)
• 2020 – Peter Whiteside, British modern pentathlete (b. 1952)
• 2021 – Yıldırım Akbulut, Turkish lawyer and 20th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1935)
• 2021 – Trader Faulkner, Australian-British actor (b. 1927)
• 2021 – Bernard Madoff, convicted American convicted fraudster and former stockbroker, investment advisor, and financier (b. 1938)
• 2021 – Monique Pantel, French film critic and journalist (b. 1932)

Holidays and special occasions

• Happy Birthday Week (14 – 20 April)
• Martyrs' Week
• Withdrawal of Russian and Armenian troops from Diyadin district of Ağrı (1918)
• Withdrawal of Russian and Armenian troops from Doğubayazıt district of Ağrı (1918)
• Withdrawal of Russian and Armenian troops from Hamur district of Ağrı (1918)
• Withdrawal of Russian and Armenian troops from Patnos district of Ağrı (1918)
• Withdrawal of Russian and Armenian troops from Taşlıçay district of Ağrı (1918)
• Withdrawal of Russian and Armenian troops from Tutak district of Ağrı (1918)
• Medical Representatives Day