Today in History: Comet Halley Passed Near Earth

April 10 is the 100nd (101rd in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 265.

Railways

• With the order numbered 10, April 1921, 241, the Zabitan Şömendifer course was opened in the Kagithane buildings of the Kagithane-Karadeniz Field Line Command. The first phase of the course was completed between May 1, 1921 and October 31, 1921. The second half began on December 15.
• 10 April 1924 Law No. 1340 on the execution of Trabzon Port of Trabzon by the Trabzon-Erzurum Railroads during the 476 Year. 1988 was abolished in the year 3488.
• April 10, 2006 TCDD increased its computer ticket point to 150.

Events

• 837 - Halley's Comet passes close to Earth.
• 1815 – Tambora volcanic mountain erupts on the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia. In addition to the direct effects of lava, ashes and smoke from the mountain, it caused starvation and epidemic, causing 100 thousand deaths.
• 1845 – Turkish Police Organization was established.
• 1912 - RMS Titanic makes its maiden voyage.
• 1919 - Mexican revolutionary leader Emiliano Zapata is assassinated by Government forces.
• 1926 – The law regarding the obligation to keep the transactions and records in Turkish in all companies and institutions of Turkish nationality was adopted.
• 1927 - Law on numbering of buildings and naming of streets passed.
• 1928 – The Turkish Grand National Assembly changed the second article of the Constitution. The section “The religion of the Turkish State is Islam” was removed from the article in question. While taking the oath, the deputies and the President will say "I swear on my honor" instead of "By Allah".
• 1931 – The Extraordinary Congress of the Turkish Hearths, convened in Ankara, decided to dissolve the Turkish Hearths and transfer their properties to the CHP.
• 1941 – The establishment of the Independent State of Croatia was proclaimed in Zagreb. The Ustaše regime, led by Ante Pavelic, launched a genocidal campaign against Orthodox Serbs.
• 1950 – Nâzım Hikmet, who started a hunger strike in Bursa Prison, was secretly brought to Istanbul when his health deteriorated. The poet postponed his hunger strike.
• 1956 – The 38.4th lowest temperature in the world with -5 degrees Celsius was selected in Argentina.
• 1972 – A magnitude 7 earthquake occurred in Iran. Buildings in the cities of Firuzabad and Cehrom were destroyed in the earthquake that killed about 5000 people.
• 1974 – The general amnesty law proposal was accepted in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1979 – The Process Leading to the 12 September 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979 - 12 September 1980): 1800 farmers who could not operate their tractors in Kahramanmaraş due to lack of diesel occupied the Governor's Office.
• 1982 – Former Chairman of the closed CHP, Bülent Ecevit, was detained on the grounds of an interview he gave to a newspaper published in Norway. Ecevit was arrested on 16 April.
• 1983 – President Kenan Evren spoke in Denizli: “Before September 12, however, neighborhoods, villages and even cities were separated from each other. They were made into liberated areas. Did it do any good? So let's leave them, let's live in brotherhood as the children of the same country like civilized people."
• 1998 – The treaty ending 29 years of war in Northern Ireland is signed in Belfast. The treaty was accepted by referendum on 22 May.
• 1999 – Unal Osmanağaoğlu, who was tried as a prisoner in absentia in the murder cases of seven TİP members and DİSK Chairman Kemal Türkler, was caught.
• 2002 – The 10th Chamber of the Council of State annulled the regulation containing the title of "State Artist".
• 2003 – An earthquake with a magnitude of 5.6 occurred in the Urla district of Izmir.
• 2007 – The Boeing 178-737 model aircraft belonging to Pegasus Airlines and carrying 800 passengers on the Diyarbakir-Istanbul flight was hijacked by a hijacker.
• 2010 – The Russian-made Tupolev Tu-154 type plane, going from the Polish capital Warsaw to the Russian city of Smolensk, crashed 1.5 kilometers before the airport. There were no survivors of the 94 people on board. On the plane were Polish President Lech Kaczynski and his wife.
• 2019 – Event Horizon Telescope project researchers announced that they have succeeded in obtaining a black hole image for the first time in the world by photographing the black hole in the middle of the M87 galaxy.

Births

• 401 – II. Theodosius, Eastern Roman Emperor (d. 450)
• 1018 – Nizam-ül Mulk, Persian Vizier of the Great Seljuk State (d. 1092)
• 1583 – Hugo Grotius, Dutch philosopher and writer (d. 1645)
• 1739 – Domenico Cirillo, Italian physician, entomologist, botanist (d. 1799)
• 1740 – José Basilio da Gama, Brazilian writer (d. 1795)
• 1755 – Samuel Hahnemann, German physician (d. 1843)
• 1762 – Giovanni Aldini, Italian physicist (d. 1834)
• 1769 – Jean Lannes, French field marshal (d. 1809)
• 1794 – Matthew C. Perry, American naval officer (d. 1858)
• 1826 – Mustafa Celaleddin Pasha, Polish-born Ottoman Pasha (d. 1876)
• 1827 – Lewis Wallace, American soldier, statesman, and author (General of the Union Forces in the American Civil War) (d. 1905)
• 1844 Jules de Burlet, Belgian politician (d. 1897)
• 1847 – Joseph Pulitzer, American journalist and publisher (d. 1911)
• 1856 – Abdullah Quilliam, founder of the first Islamic center and mosque in England (d. 1932)
• 1859 – Jules Payot, French educator and pedagogue (d. 1940)
• 1863 – Paul Héroult, French scientist (d. 1914)
• 1864 Eugen d'Albert, German composer (d. 1932)
• 1864 – Michael Mayr, Austrian historian (d. 1922)
• 1868 George Arliss, English actor (d. 1946)
• 1873 – Kyösti Kallio, President of Finland (d. 1940)
• 1876 ​​– Shabtai Levi, first Jewish mayor of Haifa (d. 1956)
• 1883 – Bogdan Filov, Bulgarian archaeologist, art historian and politician (d. 1945)
• 1887 – Bernardo Houssay, Argentine physiologist (d. 1971)
• 1894 – Ben Nicholson, English abstract painter (d. 1982)
• 1908 – Miguel de Molina, Spanish flamenco singer and actor (d. 1993)
• 1908 – Sezai Türkeş, Turkish engineer and holder of the State Distinguished Service Medal (d. 1998)
• 1910 – Helenio Herrera, Argentine-French football player and manager (d. 1997)
• 1910 – Hüsamettin Böke, Turkish national football player and football referee (d. 1994)
• 1912 – Boris Kidrič, Slovenian partisan, first prime minister of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia (d. 1953)
• 1917 – Robert Burns Woodward, American chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
• 1929 – Max von Sydow, Swedish actor (d. 2020)
• 1929 – Sermet Çağan, Turkish theater artist and journalist (d. 1970)
• 1930 – Semih Sezerli, Turkish film actor (d. 1980)
• 1930 – Spede Pasanen, Finnish writer (d. 2001)
• 1932 – Omar Sharif, Lebanese-Egyptian actor (d. 2015)
• 1937 – Bella Ahmadulina, Tatar and Italian poet (d. 2010)
• 1940 – Algan Hacaloğlu, Turkish politician
• 1942 – Erden Kıral, Turkish director and screenwriter
• 1944 – Tuncer Cücenoğlu, Turkish playwright and translator (d. 2019)
• 1952 Steven Seagal, American actor
• 1953 – Mehmet Gedik, Turkish civil engineer and politician (d. 2011)
• 1954 – Atilla Kart, Turkish lawyer and politician
• 1957 – Türker Ertürk, Turkish soldier, former Commander of the Naval Academy, writer and politician
• 1960 – Steve Bisciotti, American businessman and sports executive
• 1963 – Doris Leuthard, Swiss politician and lawyer
• 1967 – Mete Yarar, Turkish soldier, security consultant and writer
• 1968 – Metin Göktepe, Turkish journalist and columnist for Evrensel newspaper (d. 1996)
• 1968 – Orlando Jones, American actor
• 1970 – Q-Tip is an American rapper, producer, and actor.
• 1973 – Guillaume Canet, French actor and director
• 1973 – Roberto Carlos, Brazilian football player
• 1973 – Selahattin Demirtaş, Turkish Politician
• 1974 – Helen Jane Long, English composer, musician and pianist
• 1975 – David Harbor is an American actor.
• 1979 – Rachel Corrie, American peace activist (d. 2003)
• 1979 – Sophie Ellis-Bextor, English singer, composer and model
• 1980 – John Baker, American actor
• 1980 – Charlie Hunnam, English actor
• 1981 – Michael Pitt, American actor, model, and musician
• 1981 – Fábio Luís Ramim, Brazilian-Azerbaijani football player
• 1982 – Ceyhun Fersoy, Turkish actress
• 1983 – Jamie Chung is a Korean-American actor.
• 1983 – Bobby Dixon, American basketball player
• 1984 – Jeremy Barrett, American figure skater
• 1984 - Mandy Moore is an American singer and actress.
• 1984 – Damien Perquis is a French-born Polish former football player.
• 1984 – Gonzalo Javier Rodríguez, Argentine national football player
• 1985 – Barkhad Abdi, Somali actor who was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor at the 86th Academy Awards
• 1987 – Shay Mitchell, Canadian actress
• 1987 – Hayley Westenra, New Zealand soprano, songwriter
• 1988 - Haley Joel Osment is an American actress.
• 1989 – Thomas Heurtel, French professional basketball player
• 1990 – Andile Jali, South African football player
• 1990 – Alex Pettyfer, English actor
• 1991 – Amanda Michalka, American actress, composer, musician, pianist, and singer
• 1992 – Sadio Mané is a Senegalese football player.
• 1992 – Daisy Jazz Isobel Ridley, English actress
• 1993 – Rune Dahmke, German handball player
• 1994 – Emre Uğur Uruç, Turkish football player
• 1995 – Shunya Mori, Japanese football player
• 1997 – Claire Wineland, American activist, philanthropist, and author (d. 2018)
• 2007 – Princess Ariane of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, the third and youngest daughter of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands and Queen Máxima

Deaths

• 1553 – Frederick I, king of Denmark and Norway from 1523 to 1533 (b. 1471)
• 1585 – Pope XIII. Gregory, 13 May 1572 – 10 April 1585, 226th Pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1502)
• 1813 – Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Italian Enlightenment mathematician and astronomer (b. 1736)
• 1858 – Robert Brown, Scottish botanist (b. 1773)
• 1861 – Édouard Ménétries, French entomologist (b. 1802)
• 1911 – Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, Lithuanian painter, composer and writer (b. 1875)
• 1919 – Emiliano Zapata, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1879)
• 1920 – Moritz Benedikt Cantor, German historian of mathematics (b. 1829)
• 1931 – Khalil Gibran, Lebanese-American painter, poet, and philosopher (b. 1883)
• 1938 – Joseph Nathan Oliver, also known as King Oliver or Joe Oliver, American jazz cornet player and bandleader (b. 1881)
• 1950 – Fevzi Çakmak, Turkish soldier and commander of the Turkish War of Independence (b. 1876)
• 1954 – Auguste Lumière, French cinema pioneer (b. 1862)
• 1959 – Jan Černý, prime minister of Czechoslovakia (b. 1874)
• 1962 – Michael Curtiz, Hungarian-American film director (b. 1886)
• 1962 – Stuart Sutcliffe, Scottish musician and artist (b. 1940)
• 1966 – Evelyn Waugh, English writer (b. 1903)
• 1979 – Nino Rota, Italian soundtrack composer and Academy Award winner for Best Original Score (b. 1911)
• 1983 – Şevket Aziz Kansu, Turkish academic and President of the Turkish Historical Society (b. 1903)
• 1992 – Peter Dennis Mitchell, English biochemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1920)
• 1995 – Morarji Desai, 6th Prime Minister of India (b. 1896)
• 2004 – Sakıp Sabancı, Turkish businessman (b. 1933)
• 2010 – Dixie Carter, American actress and voice actor (b. 1939)
• 2010 – Lech Kaczyński, president of Poland (b. 1949)
• 2010 – Maria Kaczyńska, wife of former Polish President Lech Kaczyński and former first lady of Poland (b. 1942)
• 2012 – Erdoğan Arıca, Turkish football player and coach (b. 1954)
• 2012 – Halim Solmaz, Turkish who lived beyond the expected life expectancy (b. 1884)
• 2013 – Raymond Boudon, French sociologist (b. 1934)
• 2013 – Robert G. Edwards, British physiologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1925)
• 2014 – Dominique Baudis, French politician (b. 1947)
• 2014 – Gül Gülgün, Turkish cinema and theater actress (b. 1933)
• 2014 – Phyllis Frelich, American actress (b. 1944)
• 2015 – Rose Francine Rogombé, Gabonese politician (b. 1942)
• 2017 – Givi Berikashvili is a Soviet Georgian film and theater actress (b. 1933)
• 2017 – Bab Christensen, Norwegian actress (b. 1928)
• 2017 – Arnold Clark, Scottish billionaire businessman (b. 1927)
• 2017 – Linda Hopkins, African-American stage actress, blues and gospel singer (b. 1924)
• 2017 – Larry Weil, well-known American professional former wrestler, coach, and manager (b. 1950)
• 2018 – F'Murr, French comics artist and writer (b. 1946)
• 2018 – Viliam Karmažin, Slovak composer and conductor (b. 1922)
• 2019 – Joseph Werner Bardenhewer, German Catholic clergyman and philanthropist (b. 1929)
• 2019 – Randall C. Berg Jr., American jurist and attorney (b. 1949)
• 2019 – Earl Thomas Conley, American country musician and singer (b. 1941)
• 2019 – Barbara Marx Hubbard, American futurist, author, philosopher, and commentator (b. 1929)
• 2020 – Bruce Baillie, American avant-garde filmmaker, film producer, and director (b. 1931)
• 2020 – Rifat Chadirji, Iraqi architect, photographer, writer and activist (b. 1926)
• 2020 – David Cohen, II. US soldier in World War II (b. 1917)
• 2020 – Frits Flinkevleugel, Dutch national football player (b. 1939)
• 2020 – Enrique Múgica Herzog, Spanish lawyer and politician, former minister (b. 1932)
• 2020 – Ceybil Jefferies, American singer (b. 1962)
• 2020 – Marianne Lundquist, Swedish female freestyle swimmer (b. 1931)
• 2020 – Bas Mulder, Dutch-Surinamese Catholic priest and sports promoter (b. 1931)
• 2020 – Jacob Plange-Rhule, Ghanaian doctor, academic and Rector (b. 1957)
• 2020 – Diane Rodriguez, American actress, playwright, and theater director (b. 1951)
• 2020 – Ing Yoe Tan, Dutch politician (b. 1948)
• 2020 – Iris M. Zavala, Puerto Rican writer, poet, and educator (b. 1936)
• 2021 – Mehtap Ar, real name Mehtap Gürel, Turkish cinema and TV series actress and theater artist (b. 1957)
• 2021 – Rossana Di Bello, Italian woman politician (b. 1956)
• 2021 – Lee Dunne, Irish novelist and playwright (b. 1934)
• 2021 – Vito Fabris, Italian professional basketball player (b. 1954)
• 2021 – Sindisiwe van Zyl, Zimbabwe-born South African physician, radio broadcaster, columnist, health activist and researcher (b. 1976)

Holidays and special occasions

• Establishment of the Turkish Police Organization (1845)