Today in History: Turkish Grand National Assembly Opened and Convened for the First Time

April 23 is the 113nd (114rd in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 252.

Railways

• April 23, 1903 British Prime Minister Balfour announced in the House of Commons that they will not be partners in any way and will not support the Baghdad Railway.
• 23 April 1923 An agreement was signed in Zurich between Deutsche Bank and Schroder regarding the Anatolian and Baghdad Railway.
• 23 April 1926 Samsun-Poplar line of Samsun-Sivas line was opened. The construction of the line stopped due to the war started by Regie Generale in 1913. Contractor Nuri Demîrağ completed the line.
• 23 April 1931 Irmak-Çankırı line (102 km.) And Doğanşehir-Malatya lines were opened.
  1 June 1931 date and 1815 with the law Mudanya-Bursa railway 50.000 TL. purchased in return.
• April 23, 1932 Kütahya-Balıkesir line was opened by the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey Kazım Özalp. With this line, the distance between Balıkesir and Ankara decreased from 954 km to 592 km.
• April 23, 1941 Hadımköy-Akpınar line (11 km) was built by the state in Thrace with military reasons in mind. The main stations of the Erzurum-Sarıkamış-Kars line were opened. Samsun Station was put into operation.
• 23 April 1977 Izmir commuter trains.

Events

• 1827 - William Rowan Hamilton prepared the Theory of Light Systems.
• 1906 – Czar II in Russia. Nicholas, "Basic LawsHe proclaimed the constitution known as ”.
• 1920 – The Turkish Grand National Assembly was opened and convened for the first time.
• 1923 – The Lausanne Peace Conference was convened for the second time on April 23, 1923, and was concluded on July 24, 1923, with the representatives of the Turkish Grand National Assembly and the representatives of the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, Portugal, Belgium, the USSR and Yugoslavia.
• 1935 – The adoption of the constitution in Poland.
• 1945 - Dogan Brother The first issue of the magazine has been published.
• 1948 – II. Topkapi Palace Museum and Istanbul Archeology Museum, which have been closed since World War II, were opened to the public.
• 1960 – The foundation of the İzmit Oil Refinery was laid.
• 1961 – The first parliament building was turned into a museum.
• 1961 – Locally made 27 May Train made its first voyage.
• 1965 - The first Soviet communications satellite, Maniya-1, was launched into space.
• 1968 – A group of anti-Vietnam War students at Columbia University in the USA seize the administration buildings and close the university.
• 1969 – Sirhan Bishara Sirhan, murderer of Robert Kennedy, was sentenced to death.
• 1979 – The Process Leading to the 12 September 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979 - 12 September 1980): Minister of Justice Mehmet Can, speaking at the Martial Law Coordination Meeting, “The National Anthem is not sung in schools in Bingöl. Atatürk's picture was taken from the classroom and thrown into the mud. The teacher tried to prevent them, they killed him." dedicate.
• 1979 – The satellite communication station, which will enable Turkey to make telephone calls with seven countries, was put into service.
• 1979 – April 23 National Sovereignty and Children's Day was celebrated for the first time by TRT as the “TRT International April 1979 Children's Festival” after UNESCO announced 23 as the “Year of the Child”.
• 1981 – The National Security Council decided to try Tuncay Mataracı, one of the former Ministers of Customs and Monopoly, in the Supreme Court.
• 1982 – TRT started broadcasting color television twice a week.
• 1982 – The 12th execution of the September 15 Coup: Sabri Altay, who killed his wife with four bullets to the head in order to marry someone else in 1974, was executed.
• 1984 – The virus that causes AIDS is identified.
• 1990 – Namibia; It became the 160th member of the United Nations and the 50th member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
• 1992 – President Turgut Özal, who was in the USA for a health checkup, was diagnosed with prostate cancer.
• 1993 – A referendum on independence from Ethiopia started in Eritrea, an East African country.
• 1994 – Gagauzia was founded.
• 1997 – Omeriye massacre in Algeria: 42 deaths.
• 2001 - Intel released the Pentium 4 processor.
• 2003 – Schools in China were closed for two weeks due to the SARS virus.
• 2003 – In line with the decision taken by the Council of Ministers of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus; Free passages started between Northern Cyprus and the Republic of Cyprus.
• 2005 – Istanbul Toy Museum, founded by poet and writer Sunay Akın, was opened.
• 2006 – Mount Merapi (Marapi) erupted.

Births

• 1170 – Isabelle de Hainaut, Queen of France (d. 1190)
• 1775 – Joseph Mallord William Turner, English painter (d. 1851)
• 1791 – James Buchanan, American politician and 15th President of the United States (d. 1868)
• 1804 – Marie Taglioni, Italian ballerina (d. 1884)
• 1844 – Sanford B. Dole, Hawaiian politician (d. 1926)
• 1857 – Ruggero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (d. 1919)
• 1858 – Max Planck, German physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (d. 1947)
• 1861 Edmund Allenby, English general (d. 1936)
• 1891 – Sergei Prokofiev, Russian composer (d. 1953)
• 1895 – Yusuf Ziya Ortaç, Turkish poet, writer, literature teacher, publisher and politician (d. 1967)
• 1899 – Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
• 1899 – Vladimir Nabokov, Russian writer (d. 1977)
• 1902 – Halldor Laxness, Icelandic writer and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
• 1906 – Sâdi Yâver Ataman, Turkish folklore and folk music expert and compiler (d. 1994)
• 1919 – Bülent Arel, pioneer of Turkish electronic music and classical western music composer (d. 1990)
• 1926 – Suavi Süalp, Turkish humorist (d. 1981)
• 1927 – Ahmed Arif, Turkish poet (d. 1991)
• 1928 – Avni Anıl, Turkish musician (d. 2008)
• 1928 Shirley Temple, American actress (d. 2014)
• 1929 – Mürüvvet Sim, Turkish theater and cinema artist (d. 1983)
• 1934 – Ergun Köknar, Turkish theater, cinema, TV series actor and journalist (d. 2000)
• 1934 – Fikret Hakan, Turkish film actor (d. 2017)
• 1936 – Roy Orbison, American singer, guitarist, and songwriter (d. 1988)
• 1938 – Ali Ecder Akışık, Turkish theater, film actor and voice actor (d. 2010)
• 1939 – Lee Majors, American actor
• 1944 – Sandra Dee, American actress (d. 2005)
• 1945 – Alev Sezer, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actress (d. 1997)
• 1952 – Abdulkadir Budak, Turkish poet
• 1952 – Pakize Suda, Turkish actress and writer
• 1954 – Fatih Erdogan, Turkish writer
• 1954 – Michael Moore, Irish-American actor, filmmaker, and director
• 1960 – Steve Clark, English guitarist (d. 1991)
• 1960 – Zekeriya Önge, Turkish soldier (d. 1980)
• 1966 – Michael Kraft, German football player
• 1967 – Melina Kanakaredes, American actress
• 1970 – Egemen Bagis, Turkish politician
• 1970 – Tayfur Havutçu, Turkish football player and coach
• 1972 – Demet Akalın, Turkish actress, singer and model
• 1972 – Choky Ice, Hungarian pornographic film actor
• 1973 – Cem Yilmaz, Turkish comedian
• 1975 – Jónsi, Icelandic singer and guitarist
• 1976 – Valeska Dos Santos Menezes, Brazilian volleyball player
• 1977 – Arash Labaf, Iranian-born Swedish singer
• 1977 – John Cena, American professional wrestler
• 1979 – Lauri Ylönen, Finnish singer and lead singer of The Rasmus
• 1981 – Murat Ünalmış, Turkish TV series and film actor
• 1995 – Gigi Hadid, American model and actress
• 1999 – Son Chae-young, main rapper, songwriter, and composer of Korean artist Twice
• 2018 – Louis Mountbatten-Windsor, Prince of the United Kingdom

Deaths

• 1196 – III. Béla, King of Hungary (b. ~1148)
• 1605 – Boris Godunov, Czar of Russia (b. ~1551)
• 1616 – Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish writer (b. 1547)
• 1616 – William Shakespeare, English playwright (b. 1564)
• 1850 – William Wordsworth, English poet (b. 1770)
• 1939 – Saffet Atabinen, first Turkish conductor and flute virtuoso (b. 1858)
• 1954 – Rudolf Beran, Czech politician (b. 1887)
• 1975 – William Hartnell, English actor (Doctor Who first doctor of the series) (b. 1908)
• 1979 – Maurice Clavel, French writer, philosopher, and journalist (b. 1920)
• 1983 – Buster Crabbe, American swimmer and actor (b. 1908)
• 1986 – Otto Preminger, Austrian-born American film director (b. 1906)
• 1990 – Paulette Goddard, American actress (b. 1910)
• 1992 – Satyajit Ray, Bangladeshi director (b. 1921)
• 1993 – Bertus Aafjes, Dutch poet (b. 1914)
• 1998 – Konstantin Karamanlis, Greek politician (b. 1907)
• 2005 – John Mills, English actor (b. 1908)
• 2007 – Boris Yeltsin, Russian statesman and politician (b. 1931)
• 2010 – Bo Hansson, Swedish musician (b. 1943)
• 2013 – Şahin Gök, Turkish cinema director (b. 1952)
• 2013 – Mullah Mohammed Omar, leader of the Taliban (b. 1959)
• 2015 – Aziz Asli, Iranian former national football player (b. 1938)
• 2015 – Richard Corliss, Time Magazine writer (b. 1944)
• 2016 – Çetin İpekkaya, Turkish theater director and actor (b. 1937)
• 2016 – Madeleine Sherwood, Canadian actress (b. 1922)
• 2017 – Jerry Adriani (Jair Alves de Sousa), Brazilian singer, musician and actor (b. 1947)
• 2017 – Kathleen Crowley, American actress (b. 1929)
• 2017 – Imre Földi, Hungarian weightlifter (b. 1938)
• 2017 – František Rajtoral, Czech national football player (b. 1986)
• 2017 – Erdoğan Teziç, Turkish lawyer and academic (b. 1936)
• 2018 – Bob Dorough, American bebop cool jazz pianist, singer-songwriter, composer, arranger, and record producer (b. 1923)
• 2019 – Henry W. Bloch, American philanthropist and businessman (b. 1922)
• 2019 – Matthew Buckland, South African social media entrepreneur, executive and businessman (b. 1974)
• 2019 – Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (b. 1921)
• 2019 – Terence Rawlings, English sound engineer and film editor (b. 1933)
• 2020 – James M. Beggs, American politician, bureaucrat, and businessman (b. 1923)
• 2020 – Peter E. Gill, English professional golfer (b. 1930)
• 2020 – Akira Kume, Japanese actor and voice actor (b. 1924)
• 2020 – Henk Overgoor, Dutch football player (b. 1944)
• 2020 – Kumiko Owada, Japanese actress, voice artist, and TV host (b. 1956)
• 2020 – Frederick Thomas, American DJ and musician (b. 1985)
• 2021 – Fredi (birth name: Matti Kalevi Siitonen) is a Finnish singer (b. 1942)
• 2021 – Mario Andres Meoni, Argentine politician (b. 1965)

Holidays and special occasions

• Turkey – April 23 National Sovereignty and Children's Day
• World Book Day
• Israel – Yom Ha'atzma'ut: National Independence Day celebrated following Israel's declaration of sovereignty in 1948
• Germany – National Beer Day