Today in History: Mustafa Kemal Enrolled in the Infantry Class of the Military Academy

March 13 is the 72th day of the year (73st in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 293.

Railways

• 13 March 1920 A bridge between Eskişehir-Konya and Eskişehir-Ankara was blown up. After Pendik, transportation stopped temporarily.
• 13 March 1926 The law on the construction of Kayseri-Ulukışla railway was adopted by the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 13 March 1979 TCDD Ankara Behiçbey Training Center was opened.
• March 13, 2006 An agreement was signed for the loan of 143,7 million Euros from the World Bank. This loan will be used to increase signaling and telecommunications.

Events

• 624 – Battle of Badr was fought.
• 1781 - Uranus, the seventh planet of the solar system, was discovered by William Herschel, a German-British astronomer.
• 1840 – Rumi Calendar is used as the official calendar of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1881 - Russian Tsar II. Alexander died as a result of a bombing assassination carried out by the organization called Narodnaya Volya.
• 1899 – Mustafa Kemal was enrolled in the infantry class of the Turkish Military Academy with the collar number '1283'.
• 1900 – Working hours for children and women in France were limited to 11 hours a day.
• 1919 – Kazım Karabekir was appointed to the 15th Corps Command in Erzurum.
• 1926 – The abbreviated version of Mustafa Kemal Pasha's life story and memories told to Falih Rıfkı Atay and Mahmut (Soydan) gentlemen, was published in the Milliyet newspaper (not the same as today's Milliyet. It has been published under the name Tan since 1935).
• 1933 - In Germany, Joseph Goebbels becomes Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda.
• 1940 - The Winter War ends with the surrender of Finland.
• 1954 – Battle of Dien Bien Phu begins.
• 1955 – In the Fenerbahçe-Galatasaray football match, the fans clashed in the stands, one person died.
• 1981 – Left-wing militant Mustafa Özenç, who killed Petty Officer Sergeant Hasan Hüseyin Özcan, Petty Officer Sergeant Nihat Özsoy, Gendarmerie Private Şaban Öztürk and Forest Guard Guard Hayri Şimşek on 7 January 1981, was sentenced to death.
• 1982 – The 12th, 11th and 12th executions of the September 13 Coup: The left-wing left who killed the contractor Nuri Yapıcı and the MHP İzmir provincial secretary, pharmacist Turan İbrahim, in order to establish the illegal TKEP (Communist Labor Party of Turkey) and make the name of the organization known. minded militants Seyit Konuk, İbrahim Ethem Coşkun and Necati Vardar were executed.
• 1983 – President Kenan Evren called out to the people in Mersin: “Will you let the former party leaders come again and start quarreling and fighting with each other, resurrecting anarchy and terrorism, as they were at that time, will you turn a blind eye? See, 'No!' you say. Of course that will not happen.”
• 1983 – The historical İsmail Hakkı Efendi Mansion, which is under restoration in Beylerbeyi, was destroyed in the fire that broke out at night. The dome of the 205-year-old Beylerbeyi Mosque next to the mansion was also completely damaged.
• 1992 – 6.8 people died in an earthquake measuring 653 on the Richter scale in Erzincan.
• 1994 – A fire broke out as a result of the collision of two Greek ships in the Bosphorus. As a result of the accident in which 15 sailors died and 17 sailors disappeared, the oil spilled into the sea caused environmental pollution.
• 1996 – Efes Pilsen basketball team won the Korac Cup.
• 1996 – A gunman stormed the Dunblane Primary School in the Scottish town of Dunblane, killing the classroom teacher and 3 children aged 5-6 years within 16 minutes. After the attack, the attacker took his own life by shooting himself in the head.
• 2006 – In the case of Moroccan-French Zechariah Mousavi, who was the sole suspect of the September 11 attacks in the USA, it was revealed that the witnesses were directed to lie. The judge canceled the testimonies and suspended the trial.
• 2013 – The new Pope is announced in the Vatican. Argentine Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio became the 266th Pope of the Catholic world. The Cardinal, who chose the name Francis I, is the first Latin American pope to be elected outside of Europe in 1000 years.
• 2014 – Same-sex marriage law came into effect in England and Wales, United Kingdom.
• 2016 – A suicide attack was carried out with a bomb-laden vehicle in Ankara Güvenpark. The death toll in the explosion was announced as 37. Before the attack, the Higher Education Examination (YGS) was held across the country in the morning hours.
• 2020 – Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, face-to-face education was suspended in Turkey, and distance education was started.

Births

• 1499 – Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Spanish-Portuguese explorer (d. 1543)
• 1615 – XII. Innocentius 242nd Pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1700)
• 1674 – Jean Louis Petit, French surgeon and inventor of the screw tourniquet (d. 1750)
• 1741 – II. Joseph, (1765-1790) Holy Roman-Germanic emperor (d. 1790)
• 1763 – Guillaume Marie Anne Brune, French field marshal and politician (d. 1815)
• 1764 – Charles Gray, British politician (d. 1845)
• 1800 – Mustafa Reşit Pasha, architect and state administrator of the Tanzimat in the Ottoman Empire (d. 1858)
• 1830 – Antônio Conselheiro, Brazilian religious leader and preacher (d. 1897)
• 1839 – Tage Reedtz-Thott, Danish politician (d. 1923)
• 1855 – Percival Lowell, American businessman, author, mathematician (d. 1912)
• 1870 – John Isaac Briquet, Swiss botanist (d. 1931)
• 1880 – Otto Meissner, head of the Office of the President of Germany (d. 1953)
• 1881 – Enrique Finochietto, Argentine academic, physician, and inventor (d. 1948)
• 1883 Eugen von Schobert, German general (d. 1941)
• 1886 – Blavatniy Nikifor Ivanovich, Ukrainian soldier and community activist, dramaturge, journalist (d. 1941)
• 1889 – Albert William Stevens, American soldier, balloonist, and first aerial photographer (d. 1949)
• 1892 – Pedro Calomino, Argentinean former international football player (d. 1950)
• 1897 – Yeghishe Charents, Armenian poet and writer (d. 1937)
• 1897 – Richard Hildebrandt, Reichstag member and politician in Nazi Germany (d. 1952)
• 1898 – Henry Hathaway, American film director and actor (d. 1985)
• 1899 – John H. van Vleck, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
• 1910 – Kemal Tahir, Turkish novelist and philosopher (d. 1973)
• 1911 – L. Ron Hubbard, American author (d. 1986)
• 1915 – Melih Cevdet Anday, Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, essayist and article writer (d. 2002)
• 1916 – İsmet Bozdağ, Turkish researcher and writer of recent history (d. 2013)
• 1916 – Mario Ferrari Aggradi, Italian politician, former minister (d. 1997)
• 1919 – Mualla Eyüboğlu, Turkish architect (one of Turkey's first female architects) (d. 2009)
• 1926 – Doğan Avcıoğlu, Turkish journalist, writer and politician (d. 1983)
• 1939 – Macit Flordun, Turkish theater and film actor (d. 1996)
• Mahmut Derviş, Palestinian poet (d. 2008)
• Scatman John, American singer (d. 1999)
• 1943 – Sevket Altug, Turkish theater and cinema artist
• 1944 – Erkan Yücel, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor (d. 1985)
• 1945 – Anatoli Fomenko, Russian mathematician and co-author of The New Chronology
• Haşim Kılıç, Turkish lawyer
• William H. Macy, American film and stage actor
• 1957 – Enver Öktem, Turkish trade unionist and politician (d. 2017)
• 1960 – Jorge Sampaoli, Argentine coach
• 1962 – Seyhan Erözçelik, Turkish poet (d. 2011)
• 1967 – Andrés Escobar, Colombian football player (d. 1994)
• 1968 – Ercan Saatçi, Turkish musician and producer
• 1971 – Günay Karacaoğlu, Turkish TV series and film actress
• 1973 – David Draiman, American musician
• 1976 - Maxim Gunjia, foreign minister of the defect government of Abkhazia
• 1982 – Hande Katipoğlu, Turkish actress
• 1982 – Gisela Mota Ocampo, Mexican politician (d. 2016)
• 1983 – Erkan Veyseloğlu, Turkish basketball player
• Emile Hirsch, American actor
• Liliane Tiger, Czech porn actress
• Taner Sağır, Turkish weightlifter
• 1992 - Kaya Scodelario, English actress

Deaths

• 1352 – Ashikaga Tadayoshi, Japanese administrator and soldier (b. 1306)
• 1447 – Shahruh, third ruler of the Timurid Empire (b. 1377)
• 1513 – Prince Korkut, Sultan II. Bayezid's son (b. 1467)
• 1619 – Richard Burbage, English actor (b. 1568)
• 1711 – Nicolas Boileau, French poet and critic (b. 1636)
• 1778 – Charles le Beau, French historian and writer (b. 1701)
• 1808 – VII. Christian, king of Denmark and Norway (b. 1749)
• 1845 – John Frederic Daniell, English chemist and physicist (b. 1790)
• 1879 – Adolf Anderssen, German chess grandmaster (b. 1818)
• 1881 – II. Alexander, Tsar of Russia (b. 1818)
• 1881 – Ignati Grinevitsky, Polish revolutionary (b. 1856)
• 1885 – Titian Peale, American natural historian, entomologist, and photographer (b. 1799)
• 1900 – Catherine Wolfe Bruce, American philanthropist and astronomer (b. 1816)
• 1901 – Benjamin Harrison, American politician (b. 1833)
• 1901 – Fernand Pelloutier, French labor leader and theorist (representative of the Anarcho-syndicalist movement) (b. 1867)
• 1906 – Susan B. Anthony, American women's rights activist (b. 1820)
• 1915 – Sergei Vitte, Russian politician (b. 1849)
• 1937 – Lars Edvard Phragmén, Swedish mathematician (b. 1863)
• 1938 – Cevat Çobanlı, Turkish soldier and commander of the Turkish War of Independence (b. 1870)
• 1952 – Ömer Rıza Doğrul, Turkish politician, journalist and writer (b. 1893)
• 1970 – Adalet Cimcoz, Turkish dubbing artist and writer (b. 1910)
• 1975 – Ivo Andric, Serbian writer and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
• 1977 – Hikmet Onat, Turkish painter (b. 1882)
• 1989 – Emin Fahrettin Özdilek, Turkish soldier and politician (b. 1898)
• 1994 – Cihat Burak, Turkish painter (b. 1915)
• 1996 – Krzysztof Kieślowski, Polish filmmaker and director (b. 1941)
• 2000 – Nevzat Eren, Turkish medical doctor (b. 1937)
• 2006 – Maureen Stapleton, American actress (b. 1925)
• 2008 – Mehmet Gül, Turkish lawyer, politician and businessman (b. 1955)
• 2009 – Andrew Robert Patrick Martin, Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1975)
• 2010 – He Pingping, World's shortest person (b. 1988)
• 2010 – Jean Ferrat, French singer and songwriter (b. 1930)
• 2012 – Michel Duchaussoy, French actor (b. 1938)
• 2019 – Beril Dedeoğlu, Turkish academic, writer and politician (b. 1961)
• 2021 – Erol Toy, Turkish writer (b. 1936)

Holidays and special occasions

• Withdrawal of Russian and Armenian troops from Pasinler district of Erzurum (1918)
• Withdrawal of Georgian troops from Hopa district of Artvin (1921)