Today in History: Malcolm X is Assassinated in New York

February 21 is the 52nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 313.

Railways

• 21 February 1921 Tarik Price Act has been taxed for men of 18-60 years.
• 21 February 1931 Değirmisaz-Balıkesir line (162 km) Jülius Berger Cons. It was built.

Events

• 1440 – The Prussian Confederation is created.
• 1613 – Michael I becomes Tsar of Russia.
• 1842 - John J. Greenough patents the sewing machine.
• 1848 - Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto.
• 1885 – The Washington Monument is completed.
• 1910 – The People's Party was founded.
• 1913 – Ioannina joined the Kingdom of Greece as a result of the First Balkan War.
• 1921 - The Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Georgia adopts the country's first Constitution.
• 1925 – The first issue of the famous American magazine, The New Yorker, is published.
• 1927 – Time magazine made Mustafa Kemal Pasha the cover for the second time.
• 1934 – Balkan Medical Association was founded.
• 1939 – Turkey officially recognized the Franco dictatorship in Spain.
• 1952 – Turkey becomes a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); He attended the meeting held in Lisbon for the first time.
• 1953 - Francis Crick and James D. Watson discover the structure of the DNA molecule.
• 1958 - The peace symbol was designed by Gerald Holtom to protest nuclear proliferation.
• 1958 – Turkish Professional Football League started: The first match was played between İzmirspor and Beykoz. Özcan Altuğ from İzmirspor scored the first goal.
• 1960 - Fidel Castro nationalizes all businesses in Cuba.
• 1963 – Alparslan Türkeş and Numan Esin, former members of the National Unity Committee, returned to Turkey from exile.
• 1964 – An attempt was made to assassinate CHP Chairman and Prime Minister İsmet İnönü. It was announced that the assassin, who was caught at the scene, did not belong to any organization and acted on his own.
• 1965 – Malcolm X (Malik al-Shabazz) was assassinated in New York.
• 1968 – Minister of National Education İlhami Ertem said, “Our aim is to open an imam-hatip school in every province.”
• 1970 – Istanbul Technical University (ITU) Architecture and Engineering Faculty students protested the Bosphorus Bridge. The foundation of the Bosphorus Bridge was laid on February 20.
• 1970 – A bomb exploded in the air near Zurich on a Swiss Airlines plane, killing 38 passengers and 9 crew members.
• 1970 – Yeni Asya newspaper started its publication life.
• 1971 – Yaşar Kemal resigned from the Workers' Party of Turkey (TIP).
• 1972 - The USSR's unmanned spacecraft Luna 20 landed on the Moon's surface.
• 1973 – An Israeli warplane shot down a Libyan Airlines passenger plane over the Sinai desert: 108 people were killed.
• 1974 - Israeli troops completely evacuated west of the Suez Canal in accordance with the agreement reached with Egypt.
• 1974 – Yaşar Kemal was elected as the President of the Writers' Union of Turkey.
• 1977 – Previously banned Emanuelle The movie was re-screened with the decision of the Council of State.
• 1978 – Yahya Demirel and his partner Z. Hakkı Alpaz were sentenced to 1 months in prison by the Ankara 17st Criminal Court of First Instance, where they were tried for alleged tax evasion.
• 1980 – Strikes began in TEKEL and in the textile business.
• 1986 – Metallica released their 3rd album Master of Puppets.
• 1989 – Writer Vaclav Havel, who put flowers on the grave of a Czech student who burned himself to protest the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Union as a result of the events called Prague Spring, was sentenced to 9 months in prison.
• 1993 – Eczacıbaşı Women's Volleyball Team came second in the European Confederation Cup.
• 2000 – The first sexuality lesson was given at Eminönü Atatürk Primary School, which was selected as a pilot.
• 2001 – A major economic crisis, known as "Black Wednesday", broke out in the Turkish public. The overnight interest rate in the interbank money market has risen to 6200%.
• 2007 - American astronomers announced for the first time that they analyzed the components of the atmosphere of a planet orbiting a star like the Sun.
• 2008 – Turkey started the Solar Operation in Northern Iraq.
• 2020 – General elections were held in Iran.

Births

• 921 – Abe no Seimei was a prominent onmyōji during the Heian period in Japan (d. 1005)
• 1559 – Nurhaci, founder of the Qing Dynasty (d. 1626)
• 1609 – Raimondo Montecuccoli, Italian general (d. 1680)
• 1728 – III. Peter, Tsar of Russia (d. 1762)
• 1769 Hudson Lowe, English general (d. 1844)
• 1779 – Friedrich Carl von Savigny, German lawyer (d. 1861)
• 1791
• Hezekiah Augur, American sculptor and inventor (d. 1858)
• Carl Czerny, Austrian pianist, composer and music teacher (d. 1857)
• 1815 – Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier, French painter and illustrator (d. 1891)
• 1836 – Léo Delibes, French composer (d. 1891)
• 1856 – Maurycy Gottlieb, Polish realist painter (d. 1879)
• 1857 Jules de Trooz, Belgian Catholic Party politician (d. 1907)
• 1858 – Oldfield Thomas, British zoologist (d. 1929)
• 1859 – George Lansbury, British Labor Party leader (famous for his pro-poor reforms and forced to resign for his pacifism) (d. 1940)
• 1861 – Charles Vere Ferrers Townshend, British Indian Army officer and politician (d. 1924)
• 1875 – Jeanne Calment, longest living person in the world (122 years 164 days) (d. 1997)
• 1876 ​​– Joseph Meister, first person to receive rabies vaccine by Louis Pasteur (d. 1940)
• 1878 – Mirra Alfassa, Indian positivist, materialist (d. 1973)
• 1885 – Sacha Guitry, French actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1957)
• 1893 – Andrés Segovia, Spanish musician (considered the most important guitar player of the 20th century) (d. 1987)
• 1893 – Hans Zulliger, Swiss teacher, child psychoanalyst, and author (d. 1965)
• 1895 – Henrik Dam, Danish scientist (d. 1976)
• 1899 – Edwin L. Marin, American film director (d. 1951)
• 1903 – Anais Nin, French diarist (d. 1977)
• 1904 – Alexei Kosygin, President of the USSR (d. 1980)
• 1907 – Wystan Hugh Auden, English-American poet and intellectual (who became famous as one of the heroes of the left during the Great Depression of the 1930s) (d. 1973)
• 1914 – Taha Carım, Turkish diplomat and Turkey's Ambassador to the Vatican (d. 1977)
• 1919 – Malcolm Beard, American politician (d. 2019)
• 1921 – John Rawls, American philosopher (d. 2002)
• 1924 - Robert Mugabe, first President of Zimbabwe
• 1925 – Sam Peckinpah, American film director (d. 1984)
• 1927 - Hubert de Givenchy, French fashion designer
• 1933 – Nina Simone, American singer, pianist, and human rights activist (d. 2003)
• 1934 – Aytekin Kotil, Turkish politician (d. 1992)
• 1946 – Alan Rickman, English actor and director (d. 2016)
• 1946 – Anthony Daniels, English actor
• 1954 – Francisco X. Alarcón, American poet (d. 2016)
• 1955 - Kelsey Grammer, American comedian and actor
• 1958 - Jack Coleman, American actor
• 1962 – Chuck Palahniuk, American writer
• 1962 – David Foster Wallace, American novelist, essayist, and short story writer (d. 2008)
• 1963 – William Baldwin, American actor
• 1964 – Scott Kelly, American astronaut
• 1966 – İbrahim Hacıosmanoğlu, Turkish businessman and sports manager
• 1967 – Sari Essayah, Finnish politician, former athlete
• 1969 – James Dean Bradfield, Welsh rock singer, guitarist and musician
• 1969 – Aunjanue Ellis, American film, stage, and television actress and producer
• 1974 – Iván Campo, Spanish former football player
• 1979 – Jennifer Love Hewitt, American actress and singer
• 1979 – Tiziano Ferro, Italian singer
• 1980 – Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck, 5th King of Bhutan
• 1984 – David Odonkor, German football player
• 1986 – Derya Uluğ, Turkish singer
• 1987 – Ashley Greene, American actress
• 1987 – Elliot Page, Canadian actor
• 1988 – Cenk Gonen, Turkish goalkeeper
• 1989 - Corbin Bleu, American actor
• 1991 – Joe Alwyn, british actor
• 1991 – Riyad Mahrez, Moroccan football player
• 1991 – Ji So-yun, South Korean national football player

Deaths

• 4 – Gaius Caesar, eldest son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder (20 BC)
• 1184 – Minamoto no Yoshinaka, Japanese samurai and commander (b. 1154)
• 1539 – Sadullah Sadi Efendi, sheikh al-Islam of the Ottoman Empire (b. ?)
• 1513 – Pope II. Julius, Pope who served from 1503-1513 (b. 1443)
• 1553 – Ahmad Gran, leader of an Islamic movement that dominated Ethiopia (b. 1506)
• 1554 – Hieronymus Bock, German physicist and botanist (b. 1498)
• 1677 – Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (b. 1632)
• 1730 – XIII. Benedict, Pope (b. 1649)
• 1741 – Jethro Tull, English agriculturist (b. 1674)
• 1824 – Eugène de Beauharnais, French statesman and military leader (b. 1781)
• 1846 – Ninkō, 120th emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 1800)
• 1866 – Manuel Felipe de Tovar, Venezuelan statesman (b. 1803)
• 1879 – Pieter Philip van Bosse, Dutch liberal politician (b. 1809)
• 1894 – Gustave Caillebotte, French painter (b. 1848)
• 1926 – ‎Heike Kamerlingh Onnes‎‎, Dutch physicist, academic‎ and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1853)
• 1930 – Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah of Iran (b. 1898)
• 1934 – Augusto César Sandino, Nicaraguan guerrilla leader (b. 1895)
• 1941 – Frederick Banting, Canadian medical doctor and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1891)
• 1941 – Walter T. Bailey, African-American architect (b. 1882)
• 1949 – Ali Çetinkaya (Kel Ali), Turkish politician and statesman (one of the commanders of the Turkish War of Independence) (b. 1878)
• 1954 – Ekrem Güyer, Turkish music composer and vocalist (b. 1921)
• 1954 – Faize Ergin, Turkish classical music composer and tanburi (b. 1894)
• 1960 – Jacques Becker, French film director (b. 1906)
• 1965 – Malcolm X, American black activist (assassinated) (b. 1925)
• 1967 – Charles Beaumont, American author (b. 1929)
• 1971 – Ercüment Kalmık, Turkish painter (known for his lyrical-abstract works) (b. 1909)
• 1984 – Mikhail Sholokhov, Russian writer and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
• 1988 – Atilla Tokatlı, Turkish writer, translator and director (b. 1934)
• 1988 – Süreyya Duru, Turkish cinema director and producer (b. 1930)
• 1991 – Margot Fonteyn, English dancer and ballerina (b. 1919)
• 1993 – Inge Lehmann, Danish seismologist (b. 1888)
• 1993 – Tolon Tosun, Turkish sportsman, athlete and dentist (b.1931)
• 1994 – Johannes Steinhoff, II. German Air Force ace pilot during World War II (b. 1913)
• 1999 – Gertrude B. Elion, American biochemist and pharmacologist (b. 1918)
• 1999 – Stanisław Wojciech Mrozowski, Polish physicist (b. 1902)
• 2002 – John Thaw, English actor (b. 1942)
• 2004 – John Charles, Welsh national football player (b. 1931)
• 2005 – Zdzisław Beksiński, Polish painter, photographer (b. 1929)
• 2005 – Nermi Uygur, Turkish philosophy professor and writer (b. 1925)
• 2013 – Berfo Kırbayır, Turkish Saturday Mother (b. 1907)
• 2014 – Zübeyir Kemelek, Turkish bureaucrat (b. 1954)
• 2015 – Aleksei Aleksandrovich Gubarev, a Soviet cosmonaut who made two space flights (b. 1931)
• 2015 – Clark «Mumbles» Terry, American Swing, legendary trumpeter from the bebop era (b. 1920)
• 2016 – María Luisa Alcalá, Mexican actress (b. 1943)
• 2016 – Eric «Winkle» Brown, British fighter pilot and author (b. 1919)
• 2017 – Brunella Bovo, Italian film and television actress (b. 1932)
• 2017 – Ion Croitoru, Canadian former professional wrestler (b. 1965)
• 2017 – Melih Gülgen, Turkish cinema director, screenwriter and producer (b. 1946)
• 2017 – Joy Hruby, Australian actress, comedian, TV presenter, producer and writer (b. 1927)
• 2018 – Emma Chambers, English actress (b. 1964)
• 2018 – William Franklin Graham, Jr., Evangelical Christian preacher-opinion leader (b. 1918)
• 2018 – Ren Osugi, Japanese actor (b. 1951)
• 2019 – Benny Berg, trade unionist and politician from Luxembourg, former deputy prime minister (b. 1931)
• 2019 – Sue Casey, American actress (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Stanley Donen, American film director, producer, and choreographer (b. 1924)
• 2019 – Beverley Owen, American actress (b. 1937)
• 2019 – Peter Tork, American rock singer, musician, activist, and actor (b. 1942)
• 2020 – Michel Charasse, French politician (b. 1941)* 2020 – Boris Leskin, American film, theater and television actor (b. 1923)
• 2020 – Täo Andrée Porchon, French-Indian-American yoga master, award-winning author, actress, and dancer (b. 1918)
• 2021 – Isabelle Dhordain, French journalist (b. 1959)
• 2021 – Abdülkadir Topkaç, an amateur observer in astronomy (b. 1954)

Holidays and special occasions

• International Mother Language Day
• World Guides Day
• Liberation of Bayburt from Russian and Armenian occupation (1918)
• Liberation of Ahlat from Russian and Armenian occupation (1918)