Today in History: Snowstorm in Istanbul; Boat Sank and Unkapani Bridge Broke

February 11 is the 42nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 323.

Railways

• 11 February 1878 with the will of the operating company of Rumelia railways was accepted to be the nationality of Austria. The name of the company became the Orient Railways Operating Company.
• 11 February 1888 Sirkeci Train Station construction started. The building, designed by the architect Prussian Ogust Yasmund, entered service on November 3, 1890.

Events

• 1250 - Ayyubids and King of France IX. The Battle of Mansure between the Crusaders led by Louis came to an end.
• 1752 - The first hospital in the United States opened in Pennsylvania.
• 1808 - Anthracite is used as a fuel for the first time.
• 1809 - Robert Fulton patented the steamship.
• 1826 – University College London was founded.
• 1843 – The first performance of Giuseppe Verdi's opera “I Lombardi alla prima crociata” was held in Milan.
• 1867 – Grand Vizier Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha became the grand vizier for the fifth and last time.
• 1895 – In the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the island of Great Britain experiences the coldest day in its history: -27.2 °C. This record was repeated on January 10, 1982.
• 1926 – Milliyet newspaper, founded by Siirt Deputy Mahmut Soydan, began to be published.
• 1928 - Winter Olympic Games, St. Moritz (Switzerland).
• 1936 – Blizzard in Istanbul; buildings were destroyed, 120 boats were sunk and the Unkapani Bridge was destroyed.
• 1939 – A Lockheed company P-38 flew from California to New York in 7 hours and 2 minutes.
• 1941 – Decree on the transit of foreign Jews through Turkey was issued; Foreign Jews, who have been restricted by the states of their nationality, will only be able to pass through Turkish territory by obtaining a transit visa from consulates.
• 1945 – The Yalta Conference, which began on February 4, brought together British Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill, US President Franklin Roosevelt, and Soviet President Josef Stalin, came to an end. II. After World War II, the principles of world order were determined.
• 1953 - The USSR broke off diplomatic relations with Israel.
• 1953 - Istanbul Journalists' Association decided to establish a "National Solidarity Front" to fight against reaction.
• 1957 – Opposition deputies demanded an amendment to the Law on Meetings and Demonstrations.
• 1957 – Journalist Metin Toker was arrested and imprisoned. Metin Toker was sentenced to prison for the case between the Democratic Party (DP) Istanbul Deputy and former Minister of State Mükerrem Sarol and Akis magazine. İsmet İnönü, Chairman of the Republican People's Party, said, "I was not upset by the news of my son-in-law's arrest, this is an honorable conviction."
• 1959 – The Zurich Treaty on the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus is signed between Turkey and Greece.
• 1961 – 5 parties were established. Justice Party, National Free Party, Labor Party, Workers and Farmers Party of Turkey and Republican Vocational Reform Party.
• 1961 – The Justice Party was founded under the presidency of Ragıp Gümüşpala.
• 1964 - Taiwan broke off diplomatic relations with France.
• 1964 – Clashes broke out between Greeks and Turks in Limassol (Cyprus).
• 1965 – US President Lyndon B. Johnson orders air and naval forces to bomb military targets in North Vietnam.
• 1965 – Yeni Adana newspaper won the World Press Achievement Award.
• 1969 – Protests continue against the American 6th Fleet; In 1969, university students hoisted a flag with Vedat Demircioğlu's picture on the Beyazıt Tower. Vedat Demircioğlu was killed when the 6th Fleet arrived in 1968.
• 1971 - Agreement signed between the USA, the UK, the USSR, and other countries on the non-use of nuclear weapons in international waters.
• 1973 – Vietnam War: The first American prisoners are released.
• 1978 - China abolished censorship of works by Aristotle, Shakespeare, and Charles Dickens.
• 1979 – The Process Leading to the 12 September 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979- 12 September 1980): Justice Party leader Süleyman Demirel said, “There are 1200 deaths, 70% inflation, disrepute, cruelty, torture, unjust and merciless partisanship in any country in the world. Such a government cannot stand even for a day. A cadre whose ambition has exceeded its limits has usurped the administration.” said.
• 1979 – The supporters of Ayatollah Khomeini, who returned to his country 15 days ago after 9 years of exile, took over the administration in Iran. Shahpur Bahtiyar, the Shah's Prime Minister, resigned.
• 1980 – The Process Leading to the September 12, 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979- September 12, 1980): Right-wing militant Cevdet Karakaş killed left-wing lawyer Erdal Aslan. METU students clashed with the gendarmerie, and there were injuries. Ankara-Eskişehir road was closed to traffic by students.
• 1980 – The Process Leading to the 12 September 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979 - 12 September 1980): Uğur Mumcu reacted to terrorism: “One of our police officers (Zekeriya Önge) was martyred in Ankara before… are examples that prove that it is at a stage. If these attacks and murders are carried out under the labels of revolutionism, leftism and progressiveness, it is our duty as the progressive press to condemn them in the strongest possible terms. Shooting poor guards, guards, state police, and gendarmerie are despicable murders, and such acts are betrayal of revolutionism, leftism, and socialism.”
• 1981 – Istanbul Martial Law Command Military Court issued an arrest warrant in absentia for singers Cem Karaca, Melike Demirağ, Şanar Yurdatapan, Sema Poyraz and Selda Bağcan. Artists were accused of making propaganda against Turkey in foreign countries. Selda Bağcan surrendered and was released.
• 1981 – In Poland, the Communist Party replaces Józef Pińkowski as Prime Minister; replaced by General Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski.
• 1988 – 70 percent of the Austrian public did not want President Kurt Waldheim to resign. Kurt Waldheim was questioned regarding his Nazi past.
• 1990 – Mike Tyson loses the heavyweight boxing title to Buster Douglas by knockout.
• 1990 – Nelson Mandela, the leader of the African National Congress, who fought against the apartheid regime in South Africa, was released today after 27 years in prison.
• 1992 – Central Bank of Azerbaijan was established.
• 1994 – Erhan Akyıldız and Ali Tevfik Berber, the producers of the program called High Blood Pressure broadcast on HBB, were sentenced to two months in prison each. Television broadcasters were prosecuted in the program for allegedly alienating the public from military service.
• 1998 – 12 casinos in 78 cities in Turkey were closed. The decision to close was taken in accordance with the “Law on the Amendment of the Tourism Promotion Law”.
• 2000 – Cyanide leaked from a gold mine in Romania, causing thousands of deaths in the Tisa river, which crosses the Hungarian border.
• 2006 – German archaeologists have found signs in the Göbekli Tepe Shrine in Şanlıurfa, which they describe as the oldest news system of humanity and the primitive form of writing used today.
• 2007 – In the 5th ordinary congress of ÖDP, Ufuk Uras was elected as the Chairman.
• 2008 – The bodies of nine Turks who died in a fire in an apartment in Ludwigshafen, Germany were buried in Gaziantep.
• 2011 – Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak announced his resignation after a long resistance.
• 2015 – University student Özgecan Aslan was raped and killed. The incident turned into women's rights actions in Turkey.

Births

• 1380 - Poggio Bracciolini, an Italian scientist and early Rönesans was a humanist (d. 1459)
• 1466 – Elizabeth of York, Queen of England (d. 1503)
• 1535 – XIV. Gregory, 5 December 1590 – 16 October 1591, Pope of the Catholic church (d. 1591)
• 1776 – Yannis Kapodistrias, Greek statesman, diplomat, and politician (first Governor of the First Greek Republic (d. 1831)
• 1791 – Alexandros Mavrochordatos, Greek politician (d. 1865)
• 1839 – J. Willard Gibbs, American scientist (d. 1903)
• 1845 – Ahmet Tevfik Okday, the last Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1936)
• 1847 – Thomas Edison, American scientist, inventor, and holder of 1093 patents (d. 1931)
• 1881 – Carlo Carrà, Italian painter (d. 1966)
• 1882 – Joe Jordan, African-American musician and composer (d. 1971)
• 1887 – John van Melle, South African writer (d. 1953)
• 1890 Takazumi Oka, Japanese soldier (d. 1973)
• 1896 – Józef Kałuża, Polish football player and manager (d. 1944)
• 1898 – Leo Szilard, Hungarian-American physicist and inventor (d. 1964)
• 1902 – Arne Jacobsen, Danish architect and designer (d. 1971)
• 1909 – Joseph L. Mankiewicz, American producer, director, screenwriter, and Academy Award winner for Best Director, Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay (d. 1993)
• 1909 – Max Baer, ​​American boxer (d. 1959)
• 1915 – Richard Hamming, American mathematician (d. 1998)
• 1917 – Sidney Sheldon, American author, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 2007)
• 1920 – Faruk I, King of Egypt (d. 1965)
• 1926 – Leslie Nielsen, Canadian actress and comedian (d. 2010)
• 1929 – Burhan Sargın, Turkish national football player
• 1936 – Burt Reynolds, American actor (d. 2018)
• 1937 – Mauro Staccioli, Italian sculptor (d. 2018)
• 1939 – Okay Temiz, Turkish jazz musician
• 1942 – Mike Markkula, American investor and entrepreneur
• 1943 - Serge Lama, French singer
• 1944 – Bernie Bickerstaff, American basketball coach
• 1945 – Burhan Galyun, Syrian political scientist and sociologist
• 1947 – Yukio Hatoyama, Japanese politician
• 1950 – İdris Güllüce, Turkish politician
• 1956 – Oya Başar, Turkish comedian, film and theater actress
• 1962 – Sheryl Crow, American musician
• 1963 – José Mari Bakero, Spanish football player and manager
• 1964 – Sarah Palin, American politician
• 1969 – Jennifer Aniston, American film and television actress
• 1969 – Yoshiyuki Hasegawa, Japanese football player
• 1971 – Damian Lewis, English actor and filmmaker
• 1972 – Amanda Peet, American actress and singer
• 1973 - Shawn Hernandez, American wrestler
• 1973 – Varg Vikernes, Norwegian musician
• 1974 – Ayça Mutlugil, Turkish actress and screenwriter
• 1974 – Saša Gajser, Slovenian football player
• 1976 – Hakan Bayraktar, Turkish football player
• 1977 – Mike Shinoda, Japanese-American musician, producer, singer, and co-founder of Linkin Park
• 1977 – Mustafa Üstündağ, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor
• 1979 – Mabrouk Zaid, Saudi football player
• 1980 – Mark Bresciano, Australian football player
• 1981 – Kelly Rowland, American R&B singer, songwriter, dancer, actress, and member of Destiny's Child
• 1982 – Christian Maggio, Italian national football player
• 1982 – Neil Robertson, Australian snooker player
• 1983 – Hocine Ragued, Tunisian football player
• 1983 - Rafael van der Vaart, Dutch football player
• 1984 – Doka Madureira, Bulgarian football player
• 1986 – Francisco Silva, Chilean football player
• 1987 – José Callejon, Spanish football player
• 1987 – Ervin Zukanović, football player from Bosnia and Herzegovina
• 1987 – Luca Antonelli, Italian national football player
• 1987 – Wu Yiming, Chinese figure skater
• 1988 - Wellington Luis de Sousa, Brazilian football player
• 1989 – Josef de Souza, Brazilian football player
• 1990 – Javier Aquino, Mexican football player
• 1990 – Jonas Hector, German football player
• 1991 – Darwin Andrade, Colombian football player
• 1992 – Louis Labeyrie, French basketball player
• 1992 – Rubén Belima, football player from Equatorial Guinea
• 1992 – Taylor Lautner, American actress
• 1993 – Ben McLemore, American basketball player
• 1993 – Hörður Björgvin Magnússon, Icelandic football player
• 1994 – Hamza Dursun, Turkish national skier
• 1994 – Musashi Suzuki, Japanese football player
• 1995 – Milan Škriniar, Slovak football player
• 1996 – Jonathan Tah, German football player
• 1996 – Miladin Stevanovic, Serbian football player
• 1998 - Khalid is an American singer and songwriter.
• 1999 – Andriy Lunin, Ukrainian football player

Deaths

• 55 – Britannicus, son of Roman Emperor Claudius and his third wife, Roman Empress Messalina (b. 41)
• 244 – III. Gordianus, Roman Emperor. grandson of Gordianus I (b. 225)
• 641 – Heraclius, Byzantine Emperor (b. 575)
• 731 – II. Gregory, 89th Pope of the Catholic Church (b. 669)
• 1503 – Elizabeth of York, Queen of England (b. 1466)
• 1650 – René Descartes, French mathematician, scientist, and philosopher (b. 1596)
• 1823 – William Playfair, Scottish engineer and political economist (b. 1759)
• 1829 – Alexander Griboyedov, Russian playwright, composer, poet, and diplomat (b. 1795)
• 1857 – Sadik Rıfat Pasha, Ottoman Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1807)
• 1868 – Léon Foucault, French physicist (known for the Foucault pendulum and gyroscope instruments) (b. 1819)
• 1870 – Carlos Soublette, President of Venezuela (b. 1789)
• 1872 – Edward James Roye, Liberian merchant and politician (b. 1815)
• 1884 – Cenanizade Mehmed Kadri Pasha, Ottoman statesman (b. 1832)
• 1888 – Sarah Elmira Royster, lover of Edgar Allan Poe (b. 1810)
• 1892 – James Skivring Smith, Liberian physician and politician (b. 1825)
• 1894 – Emilio Arrieta, Spanish composer (b. 1823)
• 1941 – Rudolf Hilferding, Austrian-born German politician (b. 1877)
• 1949 – George Botsford, American Ragtime composer (b. 1874)
• 1963 – Sylvia Plath, American poet and author (b. 1932)
• 1970 – Tahsin Yazıcı, Turkish soldier and politician (b. 1892)
• 1975 – Cemal Hüsnü Taray, Turkish politician (b. 1893)
• 1976 – Lee J. Cobb, American actor (b. 1911)
• 1977 – Clarence Garrett, American baseball player (b. 1891)
• 1978 – James Bryant Conant, American chemist (b. 1893)
• 1982 – Eleanor Powell, American actress and dancer (b. 1912)
• 1982 – Takashi Shimura, Japanese actor (Seven Samurai) (b. 1905)
• 1985 – Henry Hathaway, American film director and actor (b. 1898)
• 1986 – Frank Herbert, American author (b. 1920)
• 1989 – Leon Festinger, American social psychologist (b. 1919)
• 1992 – Hikmet Tanyu, Turkish academic, poet and writer (b. 1918)
• 1993 – Robert William Holley, American biochemist (b. 1922)
• 2000 – Roger Vadim, French film director (b. 1928)
• 2002 – Barry Foster, English actor (b. 1927)
• 2006 – Kani Yılmaz, one term senior executive of the PKK (b. 1950)
• 2006 – Peter Benchley, American author (b. 1940)
• 2010 – Alexander McQueen, British fashion designer and illustrator (b. 1969)
• 2012 – Siri Bjerke, Norwegian politician and minister (b. 1958)
• 2012 – Whitney Houston, American singer (b. 1963)
• 2014 – Alice Babs, Swedish singer (b. 1924)
• 2015 – Anne Cuneo, Swiss-French journalist, film director and screenwriter (b. 1936)
• 2015 – Roger Hanin, French actor (b. 1925)
• 2015 – Bob Simon, American journalist and newscaster (b. 1941)
• 2016 – William Haze, American actor and music manager (b. 1966)
• 2016 – Kevin Randleman, American martial artist and wrestler (b. 1971)
• 2017 – Danièle Djamila Amrane-Minne, French women's rights activist (b. 1939)
• 2017 – Chavo Guerrero Sr. is a Mexican-American professional wrestler (b. 1949)
• 2017 – Kurt Marti, Swiss theologian and poet (b. 1921)
• 2017 – Fab Melo is a Brazilian former basketball player (b. 1990)
• 2017 – Jiro Taniguchi, Japanese illustrator, writer and animator (b. 1947)
• 2018 – Vic Damone, American traditional pop-band singer, songwriter, actor, radio, television host, and entertainer (b. 1928)
• 2018 – Jan Maxwell, American singer and actor (b. 1956)
• 2018 – Juozas Preikšas, Lithuanian Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Ricardo Boechat, Argentine-born Brazilian news anchor, author and journalist (b. 1952)
• 2019 – Sibgatullah Mujaddid became the first president of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (b. 1926)
• 2020 – François André, French politician (b. 1967)
• 2021 – L. Desaix Anderson, American politician and diplomat (b. 1936)
• 2021 – Rusty Brooks, American professional wrestler (b. 1958)
• 2021 – Joan Weldon, American singer, stage, film and television actress (b. 1930)

Holidays and special occasions

• International Day of Women and Girls in Science