Today in History: The Bosphorus Is Freezing

February 9 is the 40nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 325.

Railways

• 9 February 1857 Constanta-Bogazkoy (Chernovada) line was given to a British group

Events

• 1588 – Oil lamps started to be used in mosque minarets.
• 1640 - Sultan Ibrahim came to the throne.
• 1695 – Battle of the Sheep Islands: The naval battle with the Venetian Republic Navy in front of the Koyun Islands off the Karaburun Peninsula resulted in the victory of the Ottoman Navy.
• 1788 – Austria joined the war on the side of Russia in the Ottoman-Russian War of 1787-1792.
• 1822 - Haiti invades the Dominican Republic.
• 1871 – For the first time in the Ottoman Empire, an article by Karl Marx was published in the newspaper Hakayik-ul Vakayi.
• 1895 - William G. Morgan laid the foundations of volleyball.
• 1920 – The French began to withdraw from Maraş and evacuate the Adana region.
• 1921 – The Bosphorus froze.
• 1925 – Halit Pasha, one of the commanders of the Turkish War of Independence, was shot by Ali Çetinkaya in the Parliament by an accidental bullet and died on February 14, 1925.
• 1930 – Atatürk visited Kusadasi.
• 1933 – Nazire Hanım was selected as Miss Turkey.
• 1934 – Balkan Entente; Signed in Athens between Turkey, Greece, Yugoslavia and Romania.
• 1942 - USA begins daylight saving time.
• 1950 - Senator Joseph McCarthy accuses the US State Department of filling the Department with communists.
• 1962 - Jamaica becomes an independent nation within the Commonwealth of Nations.
• 1964 – The 9th Winter Olympics, held in Innsbruck, Austria, come to an end.
• 1965 – Vietnam War: The first US troops are sent to South Vietnam.
• 1968 – The first female traffic policeman took office.
• 1969 – The name of the Republican Peasant Nation Party was changed to the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and Alparslan Türkeş was elected as the Chairman.
• 1969 – The first test flight of the Boeing 747 took place.
• 1971 - Apollo 14 returns to Earth from its third manned lunar voyage.
• 1972 – State of Emergency declared in London due to miners' strike.
• 1973 – The Turkish Grand National Assembly did not accept the article regarding the constitutional amendment, which foresees the establishment of the Security Court. It was accepted by the margin of three votes at the second meeting held on February 15, 1973.
• 1974 – Cumhuriyet University was founded in Sivas.
• 1975 – The final of the Eurovision Turkish Light Music Song Contest organized by the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation was concluded. Semiha Yankı's "One Minute with You" and Cici Girls' "You're Crazy" shared the first place. In this case, lots were drawn. Semiha Yankı won the right to represent Turkey.
• 1975 - The USSR's Soyuz 17 spacecraft returns to Earth.
• 1985 – Unprecedented cold and snow caught Istanbulites by surprise. Transport was paralyzed. Mayor Bedrettin Dalan said that meteorology had misled them and apologized in English with "I am sorry".
• 1986 - Halley's Comet is at its closest distance to the sun. This is his second visit in the 20th century.
• 2001 – The F-3A aircraft under the command of Air Pilot Lieutenant Ayfer Gök, belonging to the Konya 5rd Main Jet Base Command, crashed near the Ermenek district of Karaman during the training flight. Pilot Lieutenant Gök, Turkey's first female martyr pilot It was.

Births

• 1404 – XI. Constantine, last Emperor of Byzantium (d. 1453)
• 1441 – Ali Şîr Nevaî, Uzbek-Turkish poet (d. 1501)
• 1685 – Francesco Loredan, 106th Duke of the Republic of Venice (d. 1762)
• 1737 – Thomas Paine, American politician (d. 1809)
• 1741 – Henri-Joseph Rigel, German composer (d. 1799)
• 1773 – William Henry Harrison, 9th President of the United States (d. 1841)
• 1783 – Vasily Zhukovsky, Russian poet (d. 1852)
• 1792 – Thomas Cooke, Canadian Catholic priest and missionary (d. 1870)
• 1817 – Eugenio Lucas Velázquez, Spanish painter (d. 1870)
• 1846 – Wilhelm Maybach, German automobile designer and businessman (d. 1929)
• 1853 Leander Starr Jameson, English physician and politician (d. 1917)
• 1865 – Miss Patrick Campbell, English stage actor (d. 1940)
• 1867 – Natsume Soseki, Japanese novelist (d. 1916)
• 1872 – Karekin Pastirmajian, Armenian politician (d. 1923)
• 1874 – Vsevolod Meyerhold, Russian stage actor, producer and director (d. 1940)
• 1875 – Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach, Minister of Transport in Nazi Germany (d. 1943)
• 1880 – Lipót Fejér, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1959)
• 1884 - Naile Sultan, II. Abdulhamid's daughter (d. 1957)
• 1885 – Alban Berg, Austrian composer (d. 1935)
• 1889 – Tryggvi Þórhallsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1935)
• 1891 – Pietro Nenni, Italian journalist, politician, and leader of the Italian Socialist Party (d. 1980)
• 1891 – Albert Eckstein, German pediatrician and academic (d. 1950)
• 1891 – Ronald Colman, English actor (d. 1958)
• 1893 – Yeoryos Atanasiadis-Novas, Greek poet and Prime Minister (d. 1987)
• 1896 – Alberto Vargas, Peruvian Pin-up girl painter (d. 1982)
• 1900 – Andrey Dulson, Soviet scientist (d. 1973)
• 1907 Truong Chinh, Vietnamese politician (d. 1988)
• 1909 – Carmen Miranda, Portuguese-born Brazilian actress and samba singer (d. 1955)
• 1909 – Dean Rusk, American politician and former Secretary of State (d. 1994)
• 1910 – Jacques Monod, French biochemist (d. 1976)
• 1920 – Mustafa Duzgunman, Turkish marbling artist (d. 1990)
• 1926 – Sabih Şendil, Turkish poet and writer (d. 2002)
• 1928 – Rinus Michels, Dutch football player and manager (d. 2005)
• 1931 – Thomas Bernhard, Austrian writer (d. 1989)
• 1931 – Mukagali Makataev, Kazakh poet, writer and translator (d. 1976)
• 1936 – Clive Swift, English actor, comedian, and songwriter (d. 2019)
• 1938 – Doğan Cüceloğlu, Turkish psychologist and communication psychologist (d. 2021)
• 1940 – John Maxwell Coetzee, South African writer and academic
• 1940 – María Teresa Uribe, Colombian sociologist (d. 2019)
• 1942 - Carole King, American singer
• 1942 – Okan Demiriş, Turkish State Artist, opera composer and conductor (d. 2010)
• 1943 – Cemal Kamacı, Turkish boxer
• 1943 – Joseph E. Stiglitz, American economist
• 1944 – Alice Walker, American writer
• 1945 – Mia Farrow, American actress
• 1950 – Ali Alkan, Turkish lawyer
• 1952 – Mümtaz Sevinç, Turkish theater, cinema, TV series actor and voice actor (d. 2006)
• 1953 – Ciaran Hinds, Irish actor
• 1956 – Oktay Vural, Turkish politician, lawyer, bureaucrat and academic
• 1961 – Burak Sergen, Turkish actor
• 1968 – Valentina Tsybulskaya, Belarusian hiker
• 1973 – Kenan Dağcı, Turkish academic and international relations expert
• 1976 – Charlie Day, American actor
• 1976 – Ionela Târlea-Manolache, Romanian athlete
• 1979 – Zhang Ziyi, Chinese actor
• 1980 – Angelos Charisteas, Greek football player
• 1981 – The Rev, American rock artist and musician (d. 2009)
• 1981 – Tom Hiddleston, English actor
• 1986 Ava Rose, American porn star
• 1987 – Magdalena Neuner, German biathlete
• 1990 – Facundo Affranchino, Argentine football player
• 1996 – Alec Potts, Australian archer

Deaths

• 1199 – Minamoto no Yoritomo, founder and first shogun of the Kamakura shogunate (b. 1147)
• 1588 – Álvaro de Bazán, Spanish navy commander (b. 1526)
• 1619 – Giulio Cesare Vanini, Italian monk, philosopher, and theorist of atheism (b. 1585)
• 1670 – III. Frederick, king of Denmark and Norway (b. 1609)
• 1798 – Antoine de Favray, French painter (b. 1706)
• 1857 – Johann Georg Hiedler, grandfather of Adolf Hitler (b. 1792)
• 1874 – Jules Michelet, French historian (b. 1798)
• 1881 – Dostoevsky, Russian writer (b. 1821)
• 1969 – Manuel Plaza, Chilean athlete (b. 1900)
• 1977 – Sergey Vladimirovich Ilyushin, Russian aircraft designer (b. 1894)
• 1979 – Dennis Gabor, Hungarian-born British physicist, electrical engineer, and inventor (b. 1900)
• 1981 – Bill Haley, American singer (b. 1925)
• 1984 – Yuri Andropov, Soviet leader (b. 1914)
• 1987 – Ahmet Gazi Ayhan, Istanbul Radio Turkish Music artist and choir conductor (b. 1924)
• 1989 – Osamu Tezuka, Japanese manga artist and animator (b. 1928)
• 1993 – Renç Koçibey, Turkish rally driver (traffic accident) (b. 1942)
• 1995 – J. William Fulbright, American politician (b. 1905)
• 1996 – Adolf Galland, German pilot (Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe ace pilot (b. 1912)
• 2001 – Ayfer Gök, Turkish air pilot lieutenant (First female martyr pilot, (b. 1977)
• 2002 – Princess Margaret, British heir to the throne (b. 1930)
• 2003 – Masatoshi Gündüz Ikeda, Japanese-born Turkish mathematician (b. 1926)
• 2011 – Andrzej Przybielski, Polish musician (b. 1944)
• 2012 – Yılmaz Öztuna, Turkish historian (b. 1930)
• 2016 – Sushil Koirala, Nepali politician and 37th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1939)
• 2018 – Sarraf Kasım, Azerbaijani poet and poet (b. 1939)

Holidays and special occasions

• World No Smoking Day
• Turkey Mahyacılar Day