Today in History: World War I Battles of Gallipoli Started

February 19 is the 50nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 315.

Railways

• 19 February 1847 Vienna Deputy Sadik Rifat Pasha stated in his speech that the railways should be built for the development of agriculture and delivery of the product to the markets.

Events

• 1600 – Huaynaputina volcano in Peru erupts with the most violent eruption in South American history.
• 1807 - Former United States Vice President Aaron Burr is arrested on charges of treason.
• 1861 - Slavery is banned in Russia.
• 1878 - Thomas Edison patented the phonograph.
• 1881 - All alcoholic beverages are banned in Kansas.
• 1913 – Pedro Lascuráin became the 17th President of Mexico at 15:34 and resigned at 18:00.
• 1915 – World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli begins.
• 1915 – The attack by the Allies on Çanakkale from the sea was repelled.
• 1925 - The law on the radio facility was passed. The establishment of the radio in Turkey was accepted in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1928 – “Himaye-i Etfal Women's Help Society” was founded, whose aim was to help poor women. The name of the association was changed to Charity Lovers Association in 1938. Mevhibe İnönü was the honorary President of the association.
• 1932 – Community Centers were established. It was closed in 1951 by the Democratic Party Government.
• 1945 – II. World War II-Battle of Iwo Jima: About 30.000 US troops land on the western Pacific island of Iwo Jima. Faced with fierce resistance from the Japanese Army, US troops were able to regain control of the Island only a month later.
• 1947 – Meat is getting more expensive in Istanbul; Istanbul Municipality called the public to a meat boycott.
• 1956 – Turkey-Hungary national football match was played at Mithatpaşa Stadium. Turkey beat Hungary 3-1.
• 1957 – Sema Aran, the first female doctor officer of the Turkish Armed Forces, started her duty.
• 1959 - The London Conference ends. The United Kingdom recognized the independence of Cyprus. The United Kingdom, Turkey and Greece became guarantor states in Cyprus. The official declaration of independence was on 16 August 1960.
• 1972 – Security forces carried out operations in Fındıkzade and Arnavutköy in the morning. Ulaş Bardakçı, a member of the People's Liberation Party-Front of Turkey (THKP-C), was killed.
• 1975 – The State Cinema and Television Institute was established.
• 1978 – 15 members of the Egyptian Commando Unit, who tried to intervene in a hijacking at Larnaca International Airport without the permission of the Cypriot authorities, were killed by the Cyprus National Guard.
• 1979 – The Process Leading to the 12 September 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979 - 12 September 1980): Former MHP district chairman in Kartal, a police officer in Ankara, and 2 right-wing people in Mersin and Tarsus were killed. TOFAŞ's steam power plant was blown up in Bursa. Banners with 30 bombs were hung in various places in Istanbul. In Eskişehir, the MHP, the Ülkücü Youth Association and the Chamber of Physicians were bombed. Bombs were dropped on 4 places in Kars, including the governor's mansion.
• 1985 – A Boeing 747 type passenger plane belonging to Spanish Airlines crashed into the Oiz mountains (Spain): 148 people died.
• 1985 - William J. Schroeder became the first patient to be discharged from the hospital and sent home after an artificial heart was implanted.
• 1985 – The first episode of the famous EastEnders, the BBC soap opera starring Turkish actor Haluk Bilginer, was broadcast in England. The series is still ongoing.
• 1985 – President Kenan Evren said, "These men's heads must be cut off" for those who make corrupt drugs.
• 1986 - The USSR launched the Mir space station into space.
• 1987 – It has been announced that 3,5 publications have been confiscated in the last 240 years. According to the information received, as of March 1117, 12, when the new text of the Law No. 1986 on the Protection of Minors from Harmful Publications came into force, 5 "injurious lawsuits" were filed against 12 daily newspapers and 57 weekly and monthly magazines only in Istanbul.
• 1989 – Asil Nadir, Günaydın newspaper and after Gelişim Publishing Sun He also bought the newspaper.
• 1994 – Adalar Mayor Recep Koç from ANAP was killed in an armed attack on the Büyükada ferry port, and two people were injured. It was reported that a citizen named Osman Özgen killed Recep Koç, whose illegal structure he had demolished.
• 1994 – The weekly Newroz newspaper began to be published.
• 1994 – Sharia was implemented in Libya; The Islamic calendar began to be implemented.
• 1997 – Iran's Ambassador to Ankara, Bagheri, went to his country after the speeches at the Jerusalem night held in Xinjiang, due to the increasing reactions.
• 1997 – Prime Minister Tansu Çiller was cleared of the property investigation in the Parliament.
• 1998 – An agreement was signed between the contractor companies for the Blue Stream Project, which will bring natural gas from Russia to Turkey via a pipeline.
• 2001 – At the February meeting of the National Security Council held at the Çankaya Mansion, Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit left the meeting because of the argument he had with President Ahmet Necdet Sezer. (see Constitutional pamphlet crisis)
• 2008 - Cuban leader Fidel Castro announces his resignation.
• 2020 – Hanau attack: In the two armed attacks targeting two hookah lounges in the city of Hanau in the German state of Hessen, 11 people, including the perpetrator, were killed and 5 injured.

Births

• 1473 – Mikolaj Copernicus, Polish astronomer (d. 1543)
• 1618 – Johannes Phocylides Holwarda, Frisian astronomer, physician, and philosopher (d.
• 1660 – Friedrich Hoffmann, German physicist and chemist (d. 1742)
• 1717 – David Garrick, English actor, playwright, theater manager and producer (d. 1779)
• 1817 – III. Willem, King of the Netherlands (d. 1890)
• 1821 – August Schleicher, German linguist (d. 1868)
• 1833 – Élie Ducommun, Swiss writer (d. 1906)
• 1843 – Leonardo de Mango, Italian painter (d. 1930)
• 1849 – Hans Dahl, Norwegian painter (d. 1937)
• 1850 – Richard Brewer, American cowboy and outlaw (d. 1878)
• 1853 – Jodok Fink, Austrian politician (d. 1929)
• 1858 – Charles Eastman, Native American physician, physicist, and social reformer (d. 1939)
• 1859 – Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1927)
• 1863 – Axel Thue, Norwegian mathematician (d. 1922)
• 1864 – Said Halim Pasha, Ottoman statesman (d. 1921)
• 1865 – Sven Hedin, Swedish explorer, geographer, topographer, geopolitician, photographer, travel writer, and illustrator (d. 1952)
• 1869 – Hovhannes Tumanyan, Armenian poet and novelist (d. 1923)
• 1869 John Campbell, English former football player (d. 1906)
• 1876 ​​– Constantin Brâncuşi, Romanian sculptor and pioneer of contemporary abstract sculpture (d. 1957)
• 1880 – Álvaro Obregón, Mexican soldier and statesman (d. 1928)
• 1886 – José Abad Santos, Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court (d. 1942)
• 1887 – Charles Lescat, Argentine citizen (d. 1948)
• 1888 – José Eustasio Rivera, Colombian politician, writer, and lawyer (d. 1928)
• 1888 – Franz Pfeffer von Salomon, first commander of the German Sturmabteilung (SA) (d. 1968)
• 1890 – Kingorō Hashimoto, Japanese soldier and politician (d. 1957)
• 1893 – Cedric Hardwicke, English stage and film actor (d. 1964)
• 1896 – André Breton, French poet and writer (d. 1966)
• 1900 – Yorgo Seferis, Greek poet and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
• 1911 – Merle Oberon, American actress (d. 1979)
• 1911 – Müfide İlhan, Turkish teacher and politician (d. 1996)
• 1917 – Carson McCullers, American author (d. 1967)
• 1924 Lee Marvin, American actor (d. 1987)
• 1929 – Belkıs Dilligil, Turkish theater and film actress (d. 1995)
• 1930 – John Frankenheimer, American film producer and director (d. 2002)
• 1930 – Knut Risan, famous Norwegian actor (d. 2011)
• 1940 – Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (d. 2006)
• 1941 – David Gross, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics
• 1943 – Tim Hunt, English biochemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine
• 1948 – Tony Iommi, English rock musician (Black Sabbath)
• 1950 – Vecdi Sayar, Turkish cinema critic
• 1953 – Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Argentine politician and President of Argentina
• 1954 – Socrates, Brazilian football player (d. 2011)
• 1955 – Jeff Daniels, American actor
• 1956 – Roderick MacKinnon, American biologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry
• 1964 – Çağlar Özel, Turkish lawyer and academician
• 1964 – Jennifer Doudna, American biochemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry
• 1966 – Enzo Scifo, Belgian football player
• 1966 – Justine Bateman, American actress
• 1967 – Benicio del Toro, Puerto Rican actor, director, screenwriter, and producer
• 1974 – Lezley Zen, American porn star
• 1976 – Maxime Chattam, French writer
• 1977 – Gianluca Zambrotta, Italian football player
• 1978 – Alioum Saidou, Cameroonian football player
• 1979 – Romina Belluscio, Argentinian presenter
• 1979 – Mariska, Finnish rapper
• 1992 – Georgi Milanov, Bulgarian football player
• 1998 – Lexii Alijai, American rapper and musician (d. 2020)
• 2001 – Lee Kang-in, South Korean football player
• 2004 – Millie Bobby Brown, English actress

Deaths

• 197 – Clodius Albinus, Roman Rebel (b. 150)
• 1123 – Irene Dukena, wife of Byzantine Emperor Alexios I (b. 1066)
• 1709 – Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, 5th shogun of the Tokugawa Dynasty (b. 1646)
• 1799 – Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician, physicist, social scientist, and sailor (b. 1733)
• 1837 – Georg Büchner, German dramatist (b. 1813)
• 1847 – José Joaquín de Olmedo, president of Ecuador, lawyer, politician, and author (b. 1780)
• 1878 – Charles-François Daubigny, French painter (b. 1817)
• 1897 – Karl Weierstrass, German mathematician (b. 1815)
• 1916 – Ernst Mach, Austrian-Czech physicist and philosopher (b. 1838)
• 1927 – Georg Brandes, Danish critic and scholar (b. 1842)
• 1938 – Sabri Toprak, Turkish politician, former Minister of Agriculture and Deputy of Manisa (b. 1877)
• 1938 – Edmund Landau, German mathematician (b. 1877)
• 1951 – André Gide, French writer and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869)
• 1952 – Knut Hamsun, Norwegian author and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)
• 1956 – Mithat Şükrü Bleda, Turkish politician and the last General Secretary of the Union and Progress Party (b. 1872)
• 1957 – Maurice Garin, French cyclist (b. 1871)
• 1962 – Georgios Papanikolaou, Greek pathologist and discoverer of the Pap smear test (b. 1883)
• 1972 – Ulaş Bardakçı, Turkish revolutionary and co-founder of THKP/C (b. 1947)
• 1980 – Bon Scott, Australian musician (AC/DC) (b. 1946)
• 1986 – Adolfo Celi, Italian actor (b. 1922)
• 1987 – Yurdaer Doğulu, Turkish musician (b. 1941)
• 1993 – Yaman Okay, Turkish theater and film actor (b. 1951)
• 1994 – Derek Jarman, British film director (b. 1942)
• 1997 – Alaattin Şensoy, Turkish composer (b. 1932)
• 1997 – Deng Xiaoping, Chinese leader (b. 1904)
• 2000 – Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Austrian painter and architect (b. 1928)
• 2001 – Stanley Kramer, American director and filmmaker (b. 1913)
• 2001 – Charles Trenet, French singer (b. 1913)
• 2002 – Sylvia Rivera was an American transgender activist (b. 1951)
• 2009 – Ayhan Aydan, Turkish opera singer (who came to the agenda with her forbidden love with Adnan Menderes) (b. 1924)
• 2012 – Vitali Vorotnikov, Soviet politician (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Robert Coleman Richardson, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1937)
• 2014 – Kresten Bjerre, Danish former international football player and manager (b. 1946)
• 2014 – Valeri Kubasov, Soviet/Russian cosmonaut (b. 1935)
• 2015 – Harris Wittels, American actor, comedian, writer, producer, and musician (b. 1984)
• 2016 – Tamerlan Aguzarov, Russian politician bureaucrat (b. 1963)
• 2016 – Umberto Eco, Italian linguist and writer (b. 1932)
• 2016 – Harper Lee, American author (b. 1926)
• 2017 – Xavier Beulin, French industrialist and businessman (b. 1958)
• 2017 – Larry Coryell, American jazz musician and guitarist (b. 1943)
• 2017 – Kaci Kullmann Five, Norwegian businesswoman, executive and politician (b. 1951)
• 2017 – Danuta Szaflarska, Polish actress (b. 1915)
• 2017 – Igor Shafarevich, Soviet-Russian mathematician and activist (b. 1923)
• 2017 – Chris Wiggins, British-born Canadian actor and voice actor (b. 1931)
• 2017 – Marilyn B. Young, American historian and academic (b. 1937)
• 2018 – Teresa Gisbert Carbonell, Bolivian architect and art historian (b. 1926)
• 2018 – Engin Geçtan, Turkish psychiatrist and writer (b. 1932)
• 2018 – Sergey Litvinov, Russian former athlete (b. 1958)
• 2018 – Daniel Peredo, Peruvian sports journalist (b. 1969)
• 2018 – Charles Pence Slichter, American physicist (b. 1924)
• 2019 – Marie-Claire Bancquart, French poet, essayist, professor, and literary critic (b. 1932)
• 2019 – Dick Boushka, American former professional basketball player (b. 1934)
• 2019 – Giulio Brogi, Italian actor (b. 1935)
• 2019 – Karl Lagerfeld, German fashion designer (b. 1933)
• 2019 – Don Newcombe, Former American professional baseball player (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Fikret Ünlü, Turkish politician (b. 1943)
• 2020 – Beatriz Bonnet, Argentine actress and comedian (b. 1930)
• 2020 – Heather Couper, president of the British Astronomical Society from 1984-1986 (b. 1949)
• 2020 – Hector, French singer (b. 1946)
• 2020 – Pop Smoke, American rapper (b. 1999)
• 2021 – Đorđe Balašević, Serbian-Yugoslav singer, songwriter and musician (b. 1953)

Holidays and special occasions

• Liberation of Çayırlı district of Erzincan from Russian and Armenian occupation (1918)