Today in History: The First Coalition Cabinet in Turkey was Established under the Presidency of İsmet İnönü

February 20 is the 51nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 314.

Railways

• 20 February 1885 Nafia Nazar Raif Pasha, the contract for junction lines was signed between the Ottoman Bank and the group formed by the company Comptoir d'Escompte.
• 20 February 1977 Blue Train started the expedition.
• 20 February 1993 Haydarpaşa Port RO-RO pier was put into service.
• 1914 – The first electric tram started its journey in Istanbul.

Events

• 1547 – VI. Edward was crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey.
• 1798 – Pope VI. Pius was dismissed by Louis-Alexandre Berthier.
• 1833 – The Russian Fleet arrived in Istanbul to suppress the rebellion in the Egyptian Province of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1835 – The Chilean city of Concepción is destroyed by an earthquake.
• 1872 – The Metropolitan Museum of Art opened in New York.
• 1877 – Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake Ballet premiered at the Bolshoi Theatre.
• 1887 – The 'Tripartite Pact' was signed between the German Empire, the Kingdom of Italy and Austria-Hungary.
• 1909 - The word futurism is used for the first time. The Futurist Manifesto article written by Italian poet and editor Filippo Tommaso Marinetti for Le Figaro newspaper formed the name of the art movement that forgets the past and embraces change, originality and innovation.
• 1919 - The Emir of Afghanistan, Habibullah Khan, was assassinated and died. Although his brother became Emir instead of Nasrullah Khan, after a very short reign of one week, he was deposed by Amanullah Khan and sentenced to life imprisonment, and Amanullah Khan ascended the throne.
• 1933 - Japanese writer Takiji Kobayashi is murdered by spies affiliated with Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu, the anti-communist police force of the Empire of Japan.
• 1938 - Adolf Hitler demands the right to self-determination for the Germans in Czechoslovakia and Austria.
• 1941 – Instruction on transit visa for Jews in Turkey is published.
• 1944 – II. World War II: "Big Week" begins, and United States bombers bombard Nazi aircraft manufacturing centers.
• With the Law No. 1947 – 5018 on Workers' and Employers' Unions and Trade Union Unions, unions were granted the right to be established with a special law for the first time in Turkey.
• 1961 – The first coalition cabinet in Turkey was established under the presidency of İsmet İnönü.
• 1962 - Astronaut John Glenn orbited Earth 7 times in his Friendship 3 spacecraft. The event lasted 4 hours 55 minutes.
• 1970 – The foundation of the Bosphorus Bridge was laid with a ceremony by Turkish President Cevdet Sunay and Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel. Completed in three years, the bridge was opened on October 29, 1973.
• 1971 - Ugandan Idi Amin proclaimed himself President.
• 1976 – The decision to strike was taken at 23 US bases in Turkey.
• 1980 – The Process Leading to the 12 September 1980 Coup in Turkey (1979 - 12 September 1980): Right-wing militant Cengiz Baktemur killed Hasan Doğan, the Head of Youth Branch of the Malatya Doğanşehir Republican People's Party.
• 1981 – Left-wing militant Veysel Güney, who shot and killed First Lieutenant Şahin Akkaya in the head on December 28, 1980, was sentenced to death.
• 1988 – Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast voted to leave Azerbaijan and join Armenia. This event triggered the Karabakh War.
• 1990 – Foreign Minister Mesut Yılmaz resigned from his post due to President Turgut Özal's interventions. Mesut Yılmaz is said to be targeting the Chairmanship of the Motherland Party (ANAP).
• 1991 – The Slovenian Parliament proposes the dissolution of Yugoslavia.
• 1992 – As a result of the explosion of the time bomb in the bag left to the Istanbul Chamber of Commerce, 1 person died and 16 people were injured.
• 1993 – South African President Frederik Willem de Klerk announced the cabinet that included blacks for the first time.
• 2001 – While it was announced that 7,3 billion dollars were returned to the Central Bank, repo rates reached 3 thousand percent. Stanley Fischer and Michael Deppler reunite with the Prime Minister.
• 2001 – Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signs a unilateral ceasefire with separatist Muslims in the south of the country to allow peace talks to resume.
• 2001 – Sumerbank former General Manager Şükrü Karahasanoğlu, sought by Interpol with a red notice, was caught in Italy.
• 2002 – 370 people died in a fire on a train in Egypt.
• 2003 – 100 people died in a nightclub fire in Rhode Island, USA.
• 2008 – A 7.6 magnitude earthquake struck western Indonesia. The American Geological Survey stated that the epicenter of the earthquake was 319 kilometers west of the Medan region of Indonesia's Sumatra Island.
• 2009 – World economic crisis: The UK's total debt reaches £2 trillion with the latest bank bailouts. In Germany, the second conjuncture package of 50 billion euros, the largest economic aid package in the history of the Federal Republic, was approved.
• 2015 – The same-sex marriage law passed by parliament on 12 December 2014 in Finland was approved by the President. The law went into effect in 2017.

Births

• 1523 – Jan Blahoslav, Czech humanist writer, poet, translator, etymologist, hymnist, grammarian, music theorist, and composer (d. 1571)
• 1753 – Louis-Alexandre Berthier, French soldier and field marshal (d. 1815)
• 1810 – Henri Martin, French historian and politician (d. 1883)
• 1819 – Alfred Escher, Swiss politician and businessman (d. 1882)
• 1844 – Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist (d. 1906)
• 1844 – Joshua Slocum, American sailor, traveler, and author (d. 1909)
• 1863 – Lucien Pissarro, English landscape painter, printmaker, wood engraver, artistic book designer and printmaker (d. 1944)
• 1868 – Pompeu Fabra, Spanish engineer and grammarian (d. 1948)
• 1883 – Naoya Shiga, Japanese writer (d. 1971)
• 1886 – Béla Kun, Hungarian communist politician (d. 1939)
• 1887 – Carl Ebert, German theater director, actor, and educator (d. 1980)
• 1889 – Hulusi Behçet, Turkish dermatologist and scientist (d. 1948)
• 1896 – Henri de Lubac, among the most important Catholic theologians of the 20th century (d. 1991)
• 1898 – Enzo Ferrari, Italian automaker (d. 1988)
• 1901 – Henry Eyring, American theoretical chemist (d. 1981)
• 1902 – Ansel Adams, American photographer (d. 1984)
• 1916 – Hüsamettin Bozok, Turkish writer and journalist (d. 2008)
• 1925 – Robert Altman, American director (d. 2006)
• 1927 – Ibrahim Ferrer, Cuban musician and Buena Vista Social Club member (d. 2005)
• 1927 – Sydney Poitier, American actress and winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor (d. 2022)
• 1929 - Elio Berhanyer, Spanish fashion designer. (d. 2019)
• 1937 – Robert Huber, German chemist and Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry
• 1937 – Ülkü Tamer, Turkish poet, actress and translator (d. 2018)
• 1940 – Ercan Arıklı, Turkish journalist (d. 2003)
• 1943 – Mike Leigh, British director
• 1946 – J. Geils, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2017)
• 1946 – Norma, French comics artist (d. 2021)
• 1948 - Larry Rapp, American actor
• 1948 – Asu Maralman, Armenian-born Turkish musician and actress
• 1949 – Adnan Kahveci, Turkish politician and statesman (d. 1993)
• 1951 – Gordon Brown, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• 1954 – Anthony Head, English actor and musician
• 1962 – Hatice Aslan, Turkish actress
• 1964 – Rudi García, French football player and manager
• 1964 – Willie Garson, American actor (d. 2021)
• 1966 - Cindy Crawford, American model
• 1967 – Kurt Cobain, American rock musician (Nirvana) (d. 1994)
• 1970 – İsrafil Köse, Turkish TV series and film actress (d. 2016)
• 1971 - Jari Litmanen, Finnish football player
• 1974 - Kerim Bakiri is an Iranian former football player.
• 1974 – Ömer Halisdemir, Turkish non-commissioned officer (d. 2016)
• 1976 – Zdravko Lazarov, Bulgarian national football player
• 1977 – Gail Kim, Korean-Canadian professional wrestler, manager, model, and actress
• 1980 – Berk Tokay, Turkish graphic designer
• 1983 – Ali Buhara Mete, Turkish actor
• 1984 – Trevor Noah, South African comedian, television host, producer, writer, political commentator, and actor
• 1985 – Yulia Volkova, Russian musician
• 1987 – Miles Teller, he is an american actor
• Ki Bo-bae, South Korean archer
• Jiah Khan is an Indian-British actor, predominantly Bollywood (d. 2013)
• Nazlı, Turkish singer, presenter and columnist
• Rihanna, Barbadian singer
• 1989 – Bahar Yapar, Bosnian basketball player
• 1990 – Ciro Immobile, he is an italian football player
• 1991 – Antonio Pedroza, English football player
• 1996 – Mabel, English singer
• 2003 – Olivia Rodrigo is an American singer, songwriter and actress.

Deaths

• 922 – Theodora, wife of Romanos I (b. ?)
• 1162 – Muhammed bin Kiyâ Büzürgümmîd, ruler of Alamut Castle (b. 1097)
• 1258 – Mustafa, the last ruler of the Abbasid State during 1242 – February 1258 and the 37th and last caliph of the Iraqi Abbasids (b. 1221)
• 1431 – Martinus V, Pope from 1417 to 1431 (b. 1368)
• 1458 – Lazar Branković, king of Serbia (b. 1421)
• 1513 – Johan, king of Denmark (b. 1455)
• 1778 – Laura Bassi, Italian academic (b. 1711)
• 1790 – II. Joseph, Holy Roman emperor (b. 1741)
• 1861 – Eugène Scribe, French playwright and librettoist (b. 1791)
• 1895 – Frederick Douglass, American reformer, speaker, author (b. 1818)
• 1895 – Mirza Shirazi, Islamic scholar (b. 1815)
• 1907 – Henri Moissan, French chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
• 1920 – Robert Peary, American explorer and first person to set foot in the North Pole (b. 1856)
• 1923 – Damdin Sühbatur, founder of the Mongolian People's Party, communist leader (b. 1893)
• 1933 – Takiji Kobayashi, Japanese writer of proletarian literature (b. 1903)
• 1936 – Alexander Tamanian, Armenian architect and urbanist (b. 1878)
• 1936 – Max Schreck, German actor (Nosferatu) (b. 1879)
• 1947 – Burhanettin Tepsi, Turkish theater artist and writer (b. 1882)
• 1957 – Sadri Maksudi Arsal, Turkish historian, lawyer and politician (b. 1879)
• 1960 – Walter Yust, American journalist and publisher (b. 1894)
• 1966 – Chester Nimitz, American admiral (b. 1885)
• 1968 – Anthony Asquith, English film director and writer (b. 1902)
• 1972 – Maria Goeppert-Mayer, American-German physicist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
• 1976 – René Cassin, French lawyer (b. 1887)
• 1977 – Rami Garipov, Bashkir national poet, writer and playwright (b. 1932)
• 1991 – Hakkı Anlı, Turkish painter (b. 1906)
• 1991 – Sami Güner, Turkish photographer (in traffic accident) (b. 1915)
• 1992 – Dick York, American actor (b. 1928)
• 1993 – Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian automaker (b. 1916)
• 1994 – Selahattin Giz, Turkish photographer (b. 1914)
• 1996 – Toru Takemitsu, Japanese composer and music theorist (b. 1930)
• 1997 – Paul Anxionnaz, French politician (b. 1902)
• 1999 – Sarah Kane, English playwright (b. 1971)
• 2003 – Maurice Blanchot, French literary theorist and writer (b. 1907)
• 2005 – Sandra Dee, American actress (b. 1944)
• 2005 – Aylin Sağtür Mutlu, Turkish journalist and former correspondent of Anadolu Agency (b. 1951)
• 2005 – Hunter S. Thompson, American journalist and author (b. 1937)
• 2009 – Emin Cankurtaran, Turkish businessman and former President of Fenerbahçe (b. 1930)
• 2010 – Zekeriya Güçlü, Turkish wrestler (b. 1972)
• 2015 – Fırat Yılmaz Çakıroğlu, Turkish student (b. 1991)
• 2016 – Fernando Cardenal, Jesuit priest and politician (b. 1934)
• 2016 – Ove Verner Hansen, Danish opera singer and actor (b. 1932)
• 2017 – Vitaly Churkin, Russian diplomat (b. 1952)
• 2017 – Mildred Dresselhaus, US professor of physics and electrical and electronics engineering (b. 1930)
• 2017 – Steve Hewlett, British radio broadcaster, journalist and academic (b. 1958)
• 2017 – Sofía Ímber, Romanian-born Venezuelan journalist and philanthropist (b. 1924)
• 2018 – Jiichiro Date, Japanese freestyle wrestler (b. 1952)
• 2018 – Agnieszka Kotulanka, Polish actress (b. 1956)
• 2018 – Roy McDonald, Canadian poet and street artist (b. 1937)
• 2018 – Zigmas Zinkevičius, Lithuanian linguist and historian (b. 1925)
• 2019 – Chelo Alonso, Cuban-Italian actress (b. 1933)
• 2019 – Kemal Karpat, Turkish historian and academic (b. 1923)
• 2019 – Claude Goretta, Swiss television producer and film director (b. 1929)
• 2019 – Francisco Mañosa, Filipino architect (b. 1931)
• 2019 – Vinny Vella, Italian-American actor, presenter, and comedian (b. 1947)
• 2020 – Claudette Nevins, American stage, film and television actress (b. 1937)
• 2020 – Jean-Claude Pecker, French astronomer, astrophysicist, and author (b. 1923)
• 2021 – I Gede Ardhika, Indonesian politician (b. 1945)
• 2021 – Serpil Barlas, Turkish Pop Music artist (b. 1953)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Social Justice Day
• 1. Cemre's Falling into the Air