Today in History: Ski Competitions Held for the First Time in Uludağ

February 5 is the 36nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 329.

Railways

• 5 February 1850 The first railway construction activities started in the Ottoman Empire.

Events

• 1869 – The world's largest gold nugget, called "Welcome Stranger", weighing 78 kilograms and composed of 91% pure gold, was mined a few centimeters underground in the Australian state of Victoria.
• 1877 – Mithat Pasha was dismissed from the position of grand vizier. He was later strangled in the Taif dungeon.
• 1885 – King of Belgium II. Léopold declared the Congo his personal property.
• 1917 – The United States Congress passes an immigration law banning Asian immigration, despite President Woodrow Wilson's veto.
• 1919 - Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, and DW Griffith founded the United Artists film company.
• 1919 – The resistance organization named Karakol Cemiyeti was founded.
• 1924 – Turkish Women's Union was established under the presidency of Nezihe Muhittin.
• 1924 - Greenwich Observatory begins broadcasting hourly signals.
• 1932 – The first Turkish tango Past is a Wound in My Heart, commented for the first time by Ms. Seyyan.
• 1932 – The first Turkish sermon was read in the Süleymaniye Mosque.
• 1933 – Atatürk interrupted his Aegean tour and came to Bursa on February 1st, when a group made a demonstration in Bursa, using the Turkish call to prayer and recital as an excuse.
• 1936 - Charlie Chaplin's last silent film, Modern Times entered the show.
• 1937 – With the amendment made in Article 2 of the Constitution, six principles entered the text of the Constitution: The Turkish State is Republican, Nationalist, Populist, Statist, Secular and Revolutionary. Its official language is Turkish. The office is the city of Ankara.
• 1939 – Ski competitions were held for the first time in Uludağ.
• 1956 – Meriç and Tunca rivers froze; Wolves descended on Yeşilköy and Mecidiyeköy and the people of Istanbul were left without bread.
• 1958 - Gamal Abdel Nasser is nominated to become the first president of the United Arab Republic.
• 1958 - The US Air Force lost a hydrogen bomb off the coast of Georgia. The bomb was not found.
• 1959 – The talks on “Cyprus” between the United Kingdom, Turkey and Greece began in Zurich.
• 1971 - Apollo 14 landed on the lunar surface.
• 1972 – Bob Douglas becomes the first black American inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame.
• 1973 - 20 black workers go on strike in South Africa.
• 1975 – The arms embargo decision taken by the US Congress on 11 December 1974 began to be implemented. The justification for the embargo was Turkey's military intervention in Cyprus in July-August 1974.
• 1976 – The American aircraft company Lockheed announced that they gave bribes in Turkey.
• 1983 – The 12th and 37th executions of the 38 September Coup: Exactly one year after their brother Hasan Karaköse was killed by Halil Çatal on 20 March 1973, Halil Çatal's wife Nafia Çatal and her son Mevlut were going to the field on 20 March 1974. Rıdvan Karaköse and Cavit Karaköse, who killed Çatal, were executed.
• 1983 – Nokta magazine started its publication life.
• 1988 – Manuel Noriega is prosecuted for smuggling and money laundering charges.
• 1988 – The 1964 decree freezing the rights of Greek nationals on their real estate in Turkey was repealed.
• 1993 – ANAP Istanbul deputy Adnan Kahveci, his wife and daughter died in a traffic accident near Bolu-Gerede; Kahveci's son survived the accident with injuries.
• 1994 – Bomb explodes in Markale Market during the Bosnian War; 68 people were killed and 144 injured.
• 2007 - American astronaut Sunita Williams became the "longest woman to walk in space" with a 22 hour 27 minute spacewalk to repair the cooling system of the International Space Station.
• Flight 2020 – 2193: The Pegasus Airlines plane, which made the Izmir-Istanbul flight, crashed off the runway while landing at Sabiha Gökçen Airport. 3 people died in the accident, 179 people were injured.

Births

• 1626 – Madame de Sévigné, French aristocrat (d. 1696)
• 1723 – John Witherspoon, American Presbyterian priest and founding father of the United States (d. 1794)
• 1737 – Park Ji-won, Korean Neo-Confucian philosopher, mercantilist, diplomat, economist, and novelist (d. 1805)
• 1788 – Robert Peel, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1850)
• 1799 – John Lindley, English botanist and orchidologist (d. 1865)
• 1804 – Johan Ludvig Runeberg, Finnish Swedish poet (d. 1877)
• 1808 - Carl Spitzweg, German poet and painter (d. 1885)
• 1812 – Georges-Charles de Heeckeren d'Anthès, French military officer and politician, senator (d. 1895)
• 1835 – Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke, German astronomer (d. 1897)
• 1836 – Nikolay Alexandrovich Dobrolyubov, Russian critic and journalist (d. 1861)
• 1840 – John Boyd Dunlop, Scottish inventor (d. 1921)
• 1848 – Ignacio Carrera Pinto, Chilean officer (d. 1882)
• 1852 – Terauchi Masatake, Japanese soldier and statesman (d. 1919)
• 1858 – Saffet Atabinen, first Turkish conductor (d. 1939)
• 1867 – Bernard Carra de Vaux, French orientalist (d. 1953)
• 1872 – Selma Rıza Feraceli, the first Turkish female journalist (d. 1931)
• 1877 – Vladimir Minorski, Russian orientalist (d. 1966)
• 1878 – André Citroën, French engineer and businessman (d. 1935)
• 1885 – Burton Downing, American cyclist (d. 1929)
• 1889 – Recep Peker, Turkish soldier and politician (d. 1950)
• 1897 – Dirk Stikker, Dutch banker, industrialist, politician, and diplomat (d. 1979)
• 1897 – Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley, German far-right activist (d. 1945)
• 1907 – Eren Eyüboğlu, Turkish painter (d. 1988)
• 1912 – Hedwig Potthast, mistress of Heinrich Himmler (d. 1994)
• 1914 – William Burroughs, American novelist and essayist (d. 1997)
• 1917 – Kerime Nadir, Turkish novelist (d. 1984)
• 1918 – Kara Karayev, Azerbaijani composer (d. 1982)
• 1918 – Otto Scrinzi, Austrian neurologist, journalist, and far-right politician (d. 2012)
• 1919 – Andreas Papandreou, Greek economist and politician (former Prime Minister of Greece) (d. 1996)
• 1919 – Red Buttons, American actor and comedian (d. 2006)
• 1932 – Cesare Maldini, Italian football player (d. 2016)
• 1932 – Vladimir Maneyev, Russian wrestler (d. 1985)
• 1940 – Özay Güldüm, Turkish folk music artist (d. 2000)
• 1945 – Jale Parla, Turkish literary theorist and critic
• 1946 - Charlotte Rampling, English actress
• 1950 – Nihat Nikerel, Turkish actor and writer (b. 2009)
• 1951 – Yaşar Nuri Öztürk, Turkish academic, journalist, writer and politician (d. 2016)
• 1951 – Robin Sachs, English film and TV actor (d. 2013)
• 1952 – Daniel Balavoine, French singer (d. 1986)
• 1956 – Sevda Karaca, Turkish pop music and cinema artist
• 1957 – Mustafa Elitaş, Turkish politician
• Orhan Alkaya, Turkish poet, writer, theater and film actor, director and journalist
• Kenneth Holm, Swedish toboggan
• 1959 – Lütfü Türkkan, Turkish politician
• 1961 – Ersin Kalkan, Turkish journalist and writer
• 1961 – Hakan Peker, Turkish singer
• 1962 – Jennifer Jason Leigh, American actress
• 1964 – Duff McKagan, American musician and composer
• 1964 – Laura Linney, American actress
• 1965 – Gheorghe Hagi, Romanian coach and former football player
• 1966 – Soner Arıca, Turkish singer
• 1973 - Judith Katrijntje "Trijntje" Oosterhuis, Dutch pop singer.
• 1974 – Deniz Yılmaz, Turkish guitarist, singer and lead singer of Kurban
• 1975 – Giovanni van Bronckhorst, Indonesian-Dutch football player
• 1976 – Altan Aksoy, Turkish national football player
• 1980 – Manaf Abushgeer, Saudi Arabian football player
• 1981 – Ahu Sungur, Turkish actress
• 1981 – Nora Zehetner, American actress
• 1984 – Erika, Italian pop singer
• 1984 - Carlos Tevez, Argentine football player
• 1985 – Cihan Özdemir, Turkish singer
• 1985 – Cristiano Ronaldo, Portuguese football player
• 1986 – Manuel Fernandes, Portuguese football player
• 1987 – Özge Gürel, Turkish actress
• 1992 – Neymar, Brazilian football player
• 1995 – Adnan Januzaj, Belgian football player of Kosovar-Albanian descent
• 2002 – Davis Cleveland, American actor
• 2003 – Sümeyye Boyacı, Turkish swimmer

Deaths

• 1661 – Shunzhi, third emperor of China's Qing Dynasty (b. 1638)
• 1790 – William Cullen, Scottish physician (b. 1710)
• 1807 – Pasquale Paoli, Italian statesman and patriot (b. 1725)
• 1818 – XIII. Karl, first king of the Swedish-Norwegian union (b. 1748)
• 1881 – Thomas Carlyle, Scottish essayist and satirist, historian, and educator (b. 1795)
• 1883 – Pertevniyal Sultan, mother of Abdülaziz, Valide Sultan and II. Mahmud's wife (b. 1810)
• 1887 – Beşir Fuad, Turkish soldier, translator, journalist and intellectual (b. 1852)
• 1888 – Anton Mauve, Dutch realist painter (b. 1838)
• 1889 – Ole Jacob Broch, Norwegian mathematician, physicist, economist, and politician (b. 1818)
• 1894 – Auguste Vaillant, French anarchist (b. 1861)
• 1926 – André Gedalge, French composer and teacher (b. 1856)
• 1931 – Mihal Grameno, Albanian nationalist, politician, writer, freedom fighter, and journalist (b. 1871)
• 1937 – Lou Andreas-Salomé, Russian psychoanalyst and writer (b. 1861)
• 1939 – Gheorghe Țițeica, Romanian mathematician (b. 1873)
• 1946 – George Arliss, English actor (b. 1868)
• 1958 – Lili Berky, Hungarian actress (b. 1886)
• 1960 – Mustafa Kurucu, Turkish mystic, teacher and Islamic scholar (b. 1887)
• 1961 – Helmuth Theodor Bossert, German-Turkish linguist and archaeologist (b. 1889)
• 1967 – Violeta Parra, Chilean folk singer (b. 1917)
• 1969 – Thelma Ritter, American actress (b. 1902)
• 1971 – Mátyás Rákosi, Hungarian communist politician and leader of the Hungarian Communist Party from 1945-1956 (b. 1892)
• 1976 – Arnold Petersen, National Secretary of the Socialist Workers Party of America (b. 1885)
• 1990 – Sümeyra Çakır, Turkish singer (b. 1946)
• 1993 – Adnan Kahveci, Turkish politician (b. 1949)
• 1993 – Joseph L. Mankiewicz, American producer, director, screenwriter, and winner of the Academy Award for Best Director, Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay (b. 1909)
• 1994 – Hermann Josef Abs, German banker and financier (b. 1901)
• 1999 – Wassily Leontief, Russian economist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
• 2005 – Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (b. 1935)
• 2006 – Andrea Santoro, Italian missionary priest (b. 1945)
• 2006 – Cemal Kutay, Turkish historian and writer (b. 1909)
• 2008 – Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Indian guru (who developed the Transcendental Meditation technique) (b. 1918)
• 2014 – Carlos Borges, Uruguayan football player (b. 1932)
• 2020 – Carlos Barisio, Argentine football player (b. 1951)
• 2020 – Kirk Douglas, American actor (b. 1916)
• 2021 – Christopher Plummer, Canadian film, stage, and television actor and winner of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor (b. 1929)