Today in History: Liberation of Mersin from Enemy Occupation

January 3 is the 3nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 362.

Railways

• 3 1920 100 40 50 20 25 40 XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX Scissors and worked wages XNUMX dry.

Events

• 1431 – Jeanne d'Arc is delivered to Bishop Pierre Cauchon.
• 1496 - Leonardo da Vinci tested a flying machine, but failed.
• 1521 - Martin Luther is excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church.
• 1777 - American General George Washington defeats British General Charles Cornwallis at the Battle of Princeton.
• 1888 – in California Lick ObservatoryThe new telescope with a diameter of 91 cm, which was put into service in Turkey, took the title of being the largest telescope in the world to date.
• 1889 - Nietzsche lost his mind.
• 1914 – Enver Pasha was appointed to the Ministry of War with the rank of mirliva.
• 1917 – In Ardahan Arap Mosque, 373 Turks were burned by Armenian gangs along with the mosque.
• 1920 – Turkey made a peace treaty with Armenia.
• 1922 – Liberation of Mersin from enemy occupation
• 1924 - The stone sarcophagus of Tutankhamun was found in the temple in Luxor, Egypt.
• 1925 - In Italy, Benito Mussolini gathered all the powers in his hands.
• 1928 – Patriots revolted in Nicaragua, led by Augusto César Sandino. The United States sent over 1000 Marines to fight.
• 1930 – Mustafa Kemal Pasha was registered as the first member of the National Economy and Savings Society.
• 1945 – Turkey decided to cut off relations with Japan.
• 1946 – II. William Joyce, a pro-Nazi broadcaster in the United Kingdom during World War II, was executed in London for treason.
• 1952 – Earthquake in Erzurum and Hasankale: 69 people died, 299 people were injured.
• 1953 – play by Samuel Beckett Waiting for GodotIt was staged in Paris.
• 1959 - United States President Eisenhower announces that Alaska joins the United States as the 49th state.
• 1961 - The United States broke off relations with Cuba.
• 1961 – The trial of 49 people accused of wanting to establish an independent Kurdish state begins in Ankara.
• 1962 - Pope XXIII. John excommunicated Fidel Castro.
• 1976 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights entered into force.
• 1977 – The historical Halil Pasha mansion in Beylerbeyi was burned.
• 1978 - In India, Indira Gandhi was expelled from the Congress Party.
• 1983 – An apartment with 7 floors and 28 flats collapsed in Diyarbakır; 83 bodies were recovered from the rubble.
• 1986 – Trading of stocks in the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) began.
• 1988 - Margaret Thatcher becomes the UK's longest-serving Prime Minister in the 20th century. He will remain in this post for the next two years.
• 1990 – İbrahim Balaban's painting “Migration” was sold for 45 million TL; This was the highest price paid for the work of a living artist.
• 1990 – Overthrown Panamanian President Manuel Noriega surrenders to United States forces at the Vatican Embassy in Panama City, where he has taken refuge for the past 10 days.
• 1991 – Hundreds of thousands of workers across Turkey staged a one-day absence from work. DGM launched an investigation about the action.
• 1993 - United States President George HW Bush and Russian President Boris Yeltsin sign the START-2 agreement, which provides for a reduction in strategic nuclear weapons.
• 1994 – A Russian passenger plane of the Tupolev Tu-154 type crashes in Irkutsk (Russia) just after takeoff: 125 people are killed.
• 2004 – Boeing 737 type passenger plane belonging to Flash Air, the private airline of Egypt, crashed into the Red Sea: 148 people died.
• 2009 – The Israeli Army begins ground operations against the Gaza Strip.

Births

• 106 BC – Cicero, Roman statesman and philosopher (d. 43 BC)
• 1196 – Tsuchimikado, Emperor of Japan (d. 1231)
• 1628 – II. Alvise Mocenigo, Duke of the Republic of Venice (d. 1709)
• 1698 – Pietro Metastasio, Italian poet and libretto (d. 1782)
• 1703 – Richard Arkwright, English industrialist (d. 1792)
• 1774 – Juan Aldama, Mexican captain (d. 1811)
• 1777 – Elisa Bonaparte, French princess (d. 1820)
• 1794 – Joseph Lebeau, Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1865)
• 1810 – Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, French traveler (d. 1897)
• 1818 – Henrik Johan Holmberg, Finnish naturalist, geologist, and ethnographer (d. 1864)
• 1823 – Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, German orchidologist (d. 1889)
• 1829 – Konrad Duden, German philologist and lexicographer (d. 1911)
• 1836 Sakamoto Ryōma, Japanese samurai (d. 1867)
• 1840 – Reverend Damien, Belgian Roman Catholic priest and missionary (d. 1889)
• 1846 Franklin Murphy, American politician (d. 1920)
• 1860 – Kato Takaaki, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1926)
• 1861 – William Renshaw, English tennis player (d. 1904)
• 1862 – Heinrich August Meissner, German engineer (d. 1940)
• 1872 – Jonas Vileišis, Lithuanian lawyer, politician, and diplomat (d. 1942)
• 1873 – Ivan Vasilyevich Babushkin, Russian revolutionary and co-founder of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Bolsheviks) (d. 1906)
• 1875 – Luigi Gatti, Italian businessman and restaurateur (d. 1912)
• 1876 ​​– Wilhelm Pieck, German politician, director of the Communist Party of Germany and the Comintern, first President of East Germany (d. 1960)
• 1879 – Grace Coolidge, US first lady (d. 1957)
• 1880 – Alim Khan, last Emir of Bukhara Emirate and Uzbek Mangit Dynasty (d. 1944)
• 1883 – Clement Attlee, British politician (d. 1967)
• 1887 – August Macke, German painter (d. 1914)
• 1892 – JRR Tolkien, English novelist and scholar (famous for his The Lord of the Rings trilogy, published 1954-55) (d. 1973)
• 1897 – Pola Negri, American actress (d. 1987)
• 1901 – Ngo Dinh Diem, Vietnamese politician and President of South Vietnam (d. 1963)
• 1903 – Alexander Bek, Soviet journalist and writer (d. 1972)
• 1906 – Aleksey Stakhanov, Soviet Union miner, forerunner of Stakhanovism (d. 1977)
• 1907 – Ray Milland, English actor and Academy Award winner for Best Actor (d. 1986)
• 1917 – Albert Mol, Dutch artist (d. 2004)
• 1928 – Nazmiye Demirel, wife of Turkey's 9th President Süleyman Demirel (d. 2013)
• 1929 – Sergio Leone, Italian director (d. 1989)
• 1930 – Robert Loggia, Italian-Jewish American actor (d. 2015)
• 1933 – Süleyman Ateş, Turkish theologian, Islamic jurist and 6th President of Religious Affairs
• 1937 – Oytun Şanal, Turkish theater and voice actor (d. 2018)
• 1943 – Köksal Toptan, Turkish lawyer and politician
• 1943 – Selda Alkor, Turkish film actress
• 1944 – Eva Bender, Swedish actress (d. 1988)
• 1944 – Mehmet Türker, Turkish journalist and writer (d. 2017)
• 1946 – John Paul Jones, English musician
• 1946 – Melih Gülgen, Turkish cinema director, screenwriter and producer (d. 2017)
• 1951 – Carlos Barisio, Argentine football player (d. 2020)
• 1956 – Mel Gibson, Australian actor and film director
• 1963 – Hamza Yanılmaz, Turkish politician (d. 2011)
• 1969 – Michael Schumacher, German Formula 1 driver
• 1977 – Mayumi Iizuka, Japanese voice artist (seiyuu)
• 1980 – Claudio Maldonado, Chilean football player
• 1980 – Kurt Vile, American musician
• 1980 – Necati Ateş, Turkish football player
• 1980 – Yusuf Demirkol, Turkish singer and composer
• 1983 – Enis Arikan, Turkish actor
• 1985 – Marko Tomas, Croatian basketball player
• 1986 – Asa Akira, Japanese-American pornographic film actress
• 1991 – Özgür Çek, Turkish football player
• 1994 – Melek Yusufoğlu, Turkish basketball player
• 1995 – Kim Seolhyun, South Korean singer and actress

Deaths

• 236 – Anterus, Pope (b. ?)
• 1028 – Fujiwara no Michinaga, Japanese statesman (b. 966)
• 1322 – Philippe V, (also Philippe the Long (French: le Long), King of France from 1316 until his death (b. 1292)
• 1501 – Ali Şir Nevai, Turkish poet (b. 1441)
• 1543 – Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Spanish-Portuguese explorer (b. 1499)
• 1641 – Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer (b. 1618)
• 1692 – Roelant Roghman, Dutch Golden Age painter, illustrator, and engraver (b. 1627)
• 1785 – Baldassare Galuppi, Venetian Italian composer (b. 1706)
• 1798 – Sheikh Galip, Turkish divan literature poet and mystic (b. 1757)
• 1826 – Louis-Gabriel Suchet, French soldier and field marshal (b. 1770)
• 1875 – Pierre Larousse, French encyclopedia and lexicographer (b. 1817)
• 1891 – John Casey, Irish geometer (b. 1820)
• 1897 – Louis de Mas Latrie, French historian and diplomat (b. 1815)
• 1903 – Alois Hitler, father of Adolf Hitler (b. 1837)
• 1922 – Wilhelm Voigt, German forger and shoemaker (b. 1849)
• 1923 – Jaroslav Hašek, Czech writer (b. 1883)
• 1945 – Edgar Cayce, American psychic (b. 1877)
• 1946 – William Joyce, American Nazi propagandist (executed) (b. 1906)
• 1950 – Emil Jannings, Swiss actor and Academy Award winner for Best Actor (b. 1884)
• 1958 – Cafer Tayyar Eğilmez, Turkish soldier and politician (b. 1878)
• 1965 – Milton Avery, American painter (b. 1885)
• 1967 – Jack Ruby, American nightclub operator (who killed Lee Harvey Oswald) (b. 1911)
• 1979 – Conrad Hilton, American businessman and founder of Hilton Hotels (b. 1887)
• 1979 – Ernesto Palacio, Argentine historian (b. 1900)
• 1989 – Sergey Lvovich Sobolev, Russian mathematician (b. 1908)
• 1992 – Judith Anderson, Australian actress (b. 1897)
• 2002 – Freddy Heineken, Dutch brewer (b. 1923)
• 2005 – Faruk Sükan, Turkish politician (b. 1921)
• 2005 – Sabahattin Ezer, Turkish journalist and founding President of the Antakya Journalists Association (b. 1921)
• 2007 – Mustafa Taşar, Turkish politician (in traffic accident) (b. 1951)
• 2007 – Nezir Büyükcengiz, Turkish politician and CHP Konya Deputy (in traffic accident) (b. 1951)
• 2009 – Pat Hingle, American actor (b. 1924)
• 2010 – Mary Daly, American radical feminist philosopher, academic, and theologian (b. 1928)
• 2011 – Valerie Jill Haworth, British-American actress (b. 1945)
• 2012 – Hamit Haskabal, Turkish actor (b. 1947)
• 2013 – Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian director and former senator (b. 1930)
• 2014 – Alicia Rhett, American actress and painter (b. 1915)
• 2014 – Faruk Geç, Turkish journalist, painter, comic-novelist and illustrator (b. 1931)
• 2014 – Saul Zaentz, American filmmaker (b. 1921)
• 2015 – Derek Minter, British motorcycle racer (b. 1932)
• 2015 – Olga Knyazeva, Russian fencer (b. 1954)
• 2016 – Bill Plager, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1945)
• 2016 – Halis Toprak, Turkish businessperson (b. 1938)
• 2016 – Paul Bley, Canadian pianist (b. 1946)
• 2016 – Peter Naur, Danish IT specialist (b. 1928)
• 2016 – Olga Nikolaevna Knyazeva, Russian fencer born in Kazan (b. 1954)
• 2017 – Rodney Bennett, British television and film director (b. 1935)
• 2017 – Muaz al-Kasasibe, Jordanian fighter pilot (b. 1988)
• 2017 – Shigeru Kōyama, Well-known Japanese actor (b. 1929)
• 2017 – Igor Petrovich Volk, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut and test pilot (b. 1937)
• 2017 – Erk Yurtsever, Turkish poet, writer and Turkologist (b. 1934)
• 2018 – Aharon Appelfeld, Israeli Holocaust survivor and author (b. 1932)
• 2018 – Civilization (known as Maya) Shahberdiyeva, Soviet-era Turkmenistan female opera singer (b. 1930)
• 2018 – Konrad Ragossnig, Austrian classical guitarist, educator and lute player (b. 1932)
• 2018 – Serafino Sprovieri, clergyman and bishop of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy (b. 1930)
• 2019 – Herbert David Kelleher, American entrepreneur, businessman, and executive (b. 1931)
• 2019 – Anne-Marie Minvielle, French journalist (b. 1943)
• 2019 – Christine Berthe Claude Denis de Rivoyre, French journalist, novelist, and author (b. 1921)
• 2020 – Domenico Corcione, Italian senior soldier and politician (b. 1929)
• 2020 – Nathaël Julan, French football player (b. 1996)
• 2020 – Jamal Cafer Muhammed Ali Ibrahimi, Iraqi-born Iraqi-Iranian senior soldier (b. 1954)
• 2020 – Qassem Soleimani, Iranian soldier (b. 1957)
• 2020 – Monica Echeverria Yañez, Chilean journalist, writer, actress and professor of literature (b. 1920)
• 2021 – Roger Hassenforder, French professional cyclist (b. 1930)
• 2021 – Naohiro Ikeda, Japanese volleyball player (b. 1940)
• 2021 – Renate Lasker-Harpprecht, German writer and journalist (b. 1924)
• 2021 – Gerard Marsden, English pop-rock singer, songwriter, guitarist and television presenter (b. 1942)
• 2021 – Manola Robles, Chilean journalist (b. 1948)

Holidays and special occasions

• The liberation of Mersin from the French occupation (1922)
• The day when the Earth is closest to the Sun (perihelion)
• Tuberculosis Training Week (03-09 January)