Today in History: The Right to Manufacture Socks Has Been Given to Sümerbank

January 7 is the 7nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 358.

Railways

• January 7, 1870 Hirseh founded the company “Compaign Generole d'Explaitation des Chemins de Fer de la Turquie d'Europe” in Paris.
• 7 January 1919 In order to evacuate Medina, Fahreddin Pasha abandoned the city and left the railway vehicles and materials in accordance with the Specification signed on January 1, 1919.

Events

• 1558 - France also captures Calais, England's last Continental territory.
• 1598 - Boris Godunov becomes Tsar of Russia.
• 1610 - Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei detects two of Jupiter's moons (Ganymede, Callisto).
• 1634 – IV. By order of Murad, Sheikhul-Islam Ahizade Hüseyin Efendi was strangled to death. Thus, a sheikh al-Islam was killed for the first time in the Ottoman Empire.
• 1714 - English engineer Henry Mill patented the typewriter machine.
• 1785 - French aviator Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American physicist John Jeffries crossed the English Channel in a balloon.
• 1789 - The first American Presidential elections were held. The electorate delegates, and they named the Nation's first President a month later: George Washington.
• 1887 - Thomas Stevens becomes the first person to complete a round-the-world cycling tour.
• 1904 - The first international Morse code emergency signal "CQD" is adopted, but will be superseded by the SOS signal two years later.
• 1913 - The production of gasoline from crude oil is patented.
• 1924 – The Ministry of National Education of Turkey issued a circular for the removal of religious symbols and signs inside the buildings of foreign schools.
• 1927 - The first transatlantic telephone call was made from New York to London.
• 1935 - Italian dictator Benito Mussolini met with the French Minister of Foreign Affairs in Rome. According to the official statement, agreements were made regarding the interests of the two countries in Africa.
• 1942 - The Hamlet trial is concluded. The sentences given to Muhsin Ertuğrul, Peyami Sefa and Celaleddin Ezine were suspended.
• 1944 – The right to manufacture socks was given to Sümerbank.
• 1946 – Celâl Bayar and Adnan Menderes, Fuad Köprülü and Refik Koraltan, who left the CHP, applied for the founding of the Democrat Party.
• 1946 - The first successful high-speed electronic computer, the "Eniac", comes into use in the United States. Eniac was used until 1955 as one of the big steps on the way to electronic-digital computer.
• 1950 – The blast furnace called “Zeynep” was put into service in Karabük Iron and Steel Plant.
• 1950 – The Democratic Party issued a statement on the new Election Law: “Next elections must be honest.”
• 1953 - United States President Harry Truman announces that his country is developing a hydrogen bomb.
• 1954 – The Democratic Party founded a youth organization called Young Democrats.
• 1957 – The National Turkish Students' Union demanded that "rock and roll" and "striptease" be banned.
• 1959 - The United States recognizes Fidel Castro's new Cuban Government.
• 1960 – First test of the underwater Polaris nuclear missile is conducted.
• 1963 – 3500 workers boycotted food at Cibali Tobacco Factory.
• 1967 – Ministry of Health and Social Welfare made a statement; There are 25.000 people with syphilis, 10.000 with leprosy, and 750.000 with tuberculosis in Turkey.
• 1979 – The Vietnamese Army captures Phnom Penh, the Capital of Cambodia, and ends the Khmer Rouge regime.
• 1980 – Indira Gandhi's Congress Party won the elections in India.
• 1981 – Left-wing Mustafa Özenç killed three soldiers and an officer in the gendarmerie station in Tarsus and fled.
• 1984 – Prime Minister Turgut Özal held his first press conference.
• 1990 – The Leaning Tower of Pisa was closed to visitors for the first time in its 800-year history for security reasons.
• 1992 – Cemal Süreya Poetry Award was given to Adnan Özer and Süreyya Berfe.
• 1997 – Democrat Turkey Party was founded, Hüsamettin Cindoruk was elected as the Party's Chairman.
• 1999 – The lawsuit filed against the dismissal of the United States President Bill Clinton began.
• 2015 – An armed attack was carried out on the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo in Paris. 12 people died.
• 2019 – Mattia Binotto replaces Maurizio Arrivabene at Ferrari.

Births

• 1502 – Pope XIII. Gregory, Pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1585)
• 1768 – Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples and Spain (brother of Napoleon Bonaparte) (d. 1844)
• 1777 – Lorenzo Bartolini, Italian sculptor (d. 1850)
• 1800 – Millard Fillmore, American politician and 13th President of the United States (d. 1874)
• 1830 – Albert Bierstadt, American painter (d. 1902)
• 1844 – Bernadette Soubirous, Roman Catholic saint (d. 1879)
• 1851 – Nikolai Tchaikovsky, Russian revolutionary and one of the first leaders of the popular movement in Russia (d. 1926)
• 1855 – Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, Jewish newspaper editor (d. 1922)
• 1864 – Phillip Jaisohn, Korean activist, journalist, politician, doctor (d. 1951)
• 1871 – Émile Borel, French mathematician and politician (d. 1956)
• 1873 Charles Péguy, French poet (d. 1914)
• 1873 – Rudolf Eisler, German Jewish philosopher (d. 1926)
• 1885 – Ernesto Brown, Argentine football player (d. 1935)
• 1887 – Kurt Schneider, German psychiatrist (d. 1967)
• 1890 Henny Porten, German actress (d. 1960)
• 1895 – Vasily Blokhin, Soviet general (d. 1955)
• 1895 – Clara Haskil, Romanian pianist (d. 1960)
• 1898 – Al Bowlly, Mozambican-born English singer, jazz guitarist and composer (d. 1941)
• 1899 Francis Poulenc, French composer (d. 1963)
• 1901 – Fahrelnisa ​​Zeyd, Turkish painter (d. 1991)
• 1901 – Fikret Adil, Turkish writer (d. 1973)
• 1903 – Antanas Sniečkus, Lithuanian communist, partisan and politician (d. 1974)
• 1906 – Henry “Red” Allen, African-American jazz musician (d. 1967)
• 1907 – Baha Gelenbevi, Turkish photographer and cinematographer (d. 1984)
• 1916 – Elena Ceausescu, Deputy Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Romania (d. 1989)
• 1916 – Paul Keres, Estonian chess player (d. 1975)
• 1922 – Orhan Asena, Turkish playwright, poet and pediatrician (d. 2001)
• 1922 – Mario Almada, Mexican actor (d. 2016)
• 1926 – Atanas Zabaznoski, Macedonian communist activist, soldier of the Yugoslav Front, recipient of the Order of the People's Hero (d. 2013)
• 1934 – Peri Han, Turkish film actress (d. 2008)
• 1934 – Tasos Papadopoulos, President of the Republic of Cyprus and politician (d. 2008)
• 1938 – Roland Topor, French playwright (d. 1997)
• 1941 – John E. Walker, English chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry
• 1947 – Sadik Ahmet, Western Thrace Turkish medical doctor and politician (known for his struggle for the rights of Western Thrace Turks) (d. 1995)
• 1948 – Rana Alagöz, Turkish pop singer
• 1956 – Leonard Lansink, German actor
• 1957 - Katie Couric, American newscaster
• 1960 – Emrullah İşler, Turkish academic and politician
• 1962 – Aleksandr Dugin, Russian political scientist and strategist known for his fascist views
• 1962 - Hallie Todd, American film and TV actress
• 1964 – Nicolas Cage, American actor and winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor
• 1967 – Nick Clegg, British politician
• 1969 – Marco Simone, Italian former football player, manager
• 1970 – Saruhan Hünel, Turkish actor
• 1971 – Jeremy Renner, American actor, filmmaker, and musician
• 1973 – Liu Bolin, Chinese artist
• 1977 – Sofi Oksanen, Estonian-Finnish writer
• 1979 - Aloe Blacc, American soul singer and rapper
• 1979 - Monica Foster, American pornographic film actress
• 1985 – Lewis Hamilton, British Formula 1 driver
• 1985 - Wayne Routledge, English football player
• 1987 – Davide Astori, Italian football player (d. 2018)
• 1987 – Stefan Babović, Serbian national football player
• 1987 - Lyndsy Fonseca is an American actress.
• 1988 – Hardwell, Dutch DJ and producer
• 1990 – Liam Aiken, American actor
• 1990 – Gregor Schlierenzauer, Austrian athlete
• 1991 – Eden Hazard, Belgian football player
• 1991 – Caster Semenya, South African middle-distance runner

Deaths

• 312 – Luke of Antioch, Christian theologian and martyr (b. 240)
• 1220 – Izzeddin Keykavus I, Sultan of the Seljuk State of Turkey (b. 1180)
• 1285 – Carlo I, King of France VIII. Louis' youngest son (b. 1226)
• 1325 – Diniz I, 6th king of the Kingdom of Portugal (b. 1261)
• 1451 – VIII. Amadeus, Duke of Savoy (b. 1383)
• 1536 – Catherine of Aragon, queen of England (b. 1485)
• 1548 – Fenarîzade Muhyiddin Çelebi, Ottoman sheikh (b. ?)
• 1655 – X. Innocentius, pope of Rome (b. 1574)
• 1715 – François Fénelon, French Roman Catholic archbishop, theologian, poet, and author (b.
• 1786 – Jean-Étienne Guettard, French naturalist, botanist, and mineralogist (b. 1715)
• 1838 – Josef Grassi, Austrian painter (b. 1757)
• 1847 – Maria Schicklgruber, paternal grandmother of Adolf Hitler (b. 1795)
• 1858 – Mustafa Reşit Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier, diplomat and architect of the Tanzimat in the Ottoman Empire (b. 1800)
• 1882 – Ignacy Łukasiewicz, Polish pharmacist and oil industrialist (b. 1822)
• 1892 – Tevfik Pasha, Khedive of Egypt (b. 1852)
• 1920 – Edmund Barton, first Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1849)
• 1932 – André Maginot, French statesman (who gave the Magino Line its name) (b. 1877)
• 1934 – Anton Hanak, Austrian sculptor (b. 1875)
• 1935 – James Alfred Ewing, Scottish physicist and engineer (b. 1855)
• 1943 – Nikola Tesla, Serbian physicist (b. 1856)
• 1944 – Muslihiddin Adil Taylan, Turkish academic and administrative law professor (b. 1881)
• 1945 – Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor (b. 1870)
• 1951 – René Guénon, French metaphysician writer (b. 1886)
• 1968 – Fahri Kopuz, Turkish composer (b. 1882)
• 1988 – Trevor Howard, English actor (b. 1913)
• 1989 – Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (b. 1901)
• 1995 – Murray Newton Rothbard, American libertarian economist and political theorist of the Austrian School (b. 1926)
• 1996 – Károly Grósz, Hungarian communist politician (b. 1930)
• 1998 – Richard Hamming, American mathematician (b. 1915)
• 1998 – Vladimir Prelog, Croatian-Swiss chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1906)
• 2001 – Charles Helu, Lebanese statesman (b. 1913)
• 2004 – Ingrid Thulin, Swedish actress (b. 1926)
• 2006 – Heinrich Harrer, Austrian mountaineer, traveler, geographer, and writer (b. 1912)
• 2010 – Philippe Séguin, French politician (b. 1943)
• 2013 – David Richard Ellis, American film director and former stuntman, actor (b. 1952)
• 2013 – Huell Burnley Howser, American comedian, actor, and voice actor (b. 1945)
• 2014 – Huban Öztoprak, Turkish theater, TV series and film actress (b. 1987)
• 2014 – Run Run Shaw, Hong Kong entrepreneur and producer (b. 1906)
• 2015 – Jean Cabut, French comics artist and cartoonist (b. 1938)
• 2015 – Elsa Cayat, French psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and columnist (b. 1960)
• 2015 – Stéphane Charbonnier, better known as charb, French illustrator, journalist and cartoonist (b. 1967)
• 2015 – Remzi Evren, Turkish cinema artist (b. 1957)
• 2015 – Ayla Gürses, Turkish voice artist (wife of Yıldırım Gürses) (b. 1946)
• 2015 – Philippe Honoré, known as: Honored, French illustrator and comics artist (b. 1941)
• 2015 – Bernard Maris, French economist, journalist and author (b. 1946)
• 2015 – Mompati Merafhe, Botswana politician (b. 1936)
• 2015 – Jean-Paul Parisé, Canadian left wing ice hockey player (b. 1941)
• 2015 – David Rolfe, Australian swimmer (b. 1964)
• 2015 – Mustapha Ourrad, Algerian-French publisher and editor (b. 1954)
• 2015 – Rod Taylor, Australian actor (b. 1930)
• 2015 – Bernard Verlhac or Tignous, French cartoonist (b. 1957)
• 2015 – Georges Wolinsky, French cartoonist and comic book cartoonist (b. 1934)
• 2016 – Richard Libertini, American stage, film and television actor (b. 1933)
• 2016 – Sergey Viktorovich Shustikov, former Russian football player and manager (b. 1970)
• 2016 – Valerio Zanone, Italian politician (b. 1936)
• 2017 – Refik Erduran, Turkish playwright, publisher and journalist (b. 1928)
• 2017 – Nat Hentoff, American novelist, historian, music critic, and columnist (b. 1925)
• 2017 – Osman Bayezid Osmanoğlu, head of the Ottoman Dynasty (b. 1924)
• 2017 – Mário Soares, former Portuguese prime minister (b. 1924)
• 2017 – Lech Trzeciakowski, Polish historian (b. 1931)
• 2018 – Jim Anderton, New Zealand politician (b. 1938)
• 2018 – France Gall, French singer, 1965 Eurovision winner (for Luxembourg) (b. 1947)
• 2018 – Anna Mae Hayes, female American military officer who served in World War II and the Korean War (b. 1920)
• 2019 – Moshe Arens, Israeli politician (b. 1925)
• 2019 – Aristeo Benavídez, Argentinean male skier (b. 1927)
• 2019 – Barbara Elaine Ruth Brown, American biologist and philanthropist (b. 1929)
• 2019 – John Joubert, South African-born British composer (b. 1927)
• 2019 – Aline Kiner, French journalist and novelist (b. 1959)
• 2019 – Clydie King, American singer (b. 1943)
• 2019 – Dave Laing, English journalist, author, and historian (b. 1947)
• 2019 – Ivan Mašek, Czech politician (b. 1948)
• 2019 – John Mendelsohn, American physicist (b. 1936)
• 2019 – Carmencita Reyes, Filipino politician and lawyer (b. 1931)
• 2019 – Thomas Rukavina, American politician (b. 1950)
• 2019 – Jocelyne Saab, Lebanese journalist and film director (b. 1948)
• 2019 – Bernard Tchoullouyan, French judoka (b. 1953)
• 2020 – Khamis al-Uwayran ed-Dusari, Saudi national football player (b. 1973)
• 2020 – Larry Gogan, Irish radio host and DJ (b. 1938)
• 2020 – Silvio Horta, American screenwriter, television producer, and writer (b. 1974)
• 2020 – Neil Ellwood Peart, Canadian musician, songwriter, and author (b. 1952)
• 2020 – Elizabeth Lee Wurtzel, American feminist, lawyer, author, and journalist (b. 1967)
• 2021 – Michael Apted, English actor, screenwriter, film producer and director (b. 1941)
• 2021 – Biserka Cvejić, mezzo-soprano and contralto opera singer and academic (b. 1923)
• 2021 – Genival Lacerda Cavalcante, Brazilian forró singer and songwriter (b. 1931)
• 2021 – Deezer D, American actor, rapper, and motivational speaker (b. 1965)
• 2021 – Valeri Hlevinski, Soviet-Russian theater, film and television actress, educator (b. 1943)
• 2021 – Thomas Charles Lasorda, American former baseball player and sports administrator (b. 1927)
• 2021 – Jamie O'Hara, American country singer, songwriter, and guitarist (b. 1950)
• 2021 – Marion Ramsey, American actress, singer, and songwriter (b. 1947)
• 2021 – Munira Yamin Satti, Pakistani female politician (b. 1966)

Holidays and special occasions

• The liberation of Osmaniye from the French occupation (1922)
• White Stick Visually Impaired Week (7-14 January)