Today in History: Atatürk's Mother, Zübeyde Hanım, Died in Izmir

January 14 is the 14nd day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 351.

Railways

• 14 January 1919 Hadımköy-Kuleliburgaz railway stations were occupied by the Greeks.
• 14 January 1920 French occupied the Directorate of Railways (Rumeli).
• 14 January 1933 Jackpot 2094 for Including Internal Bonus (12 Million TL)
• 14 January 1940 German Meissner Pasha who works as a chief engineer in Hejaz Railways died in Istanbul

Events

• 1539 - Cuba becomes a colony of Spain.
• 1897 - Swiss Matthias Zurbriggen became the first person to climb the summit of Aconcagua.
• 1900 – Giacomo Puccini's opera Tosca is performed for the first time in Rome.
• 1903 – Grand Vizier Mehmed Said Pasha was dismissed due to the violence against the Ottoman administration in Macedonia, and Mehmet Ferid Pasha, of Avlon, was appointed as the Head of the Rumelia Reform Commission.
• 1907 – Earthquake in Jamaica: More than 1000 people died.
• 1915 – Swakopmund is occupied by South African troops.
• 1923 – Mustafa Kemal went on a tour in Western Anatolia.
• 1923 - The first telephone call was made between London and New York.
• 1923 – Atatürk's mother, Zübeyde Hanım, died in İzmir.
• 1924 – Military service period in Turkey was reduced to 18 months.
• 1926 – The Borrowing Law was accepted in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1932 - It was announced that the number of unemployed in the United States reached 8,2 million.
• 1938 – The law establishing the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey was accepted.
• 1938 – The Sadabat Pact signed between Turkey-Iraq-Iran-Afghanistan was approved in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1938 – Norway, Antarctica Queen Maud Lands claimed rights over the so-called territory.
• 1941 – Istanbul Governor's Office approved the charter of the University Student Association; The Student Union became operational.
• 1942 – The first rationed bread application in Turkey started in Istanbul. The ration was half bread for adults and whole bread for heavy workers. In time, the application would be valid for İzmir and Ankara as well.
• 1943 - Sir Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Charles de Gaulle met at the Casablanca Conference.
• 1945 – Bread ration was increased to 450 grams per person.
• 1950 – The first prototype of the MiG-17 jet aircraft completed its flight trial in the Soviet Union.
• 1953 - Josip Broz Tito becomes President of Yugoslavia.
• 1954 - American film actress Marilyn Monroe married baseball player Joe Dimaggio.
• 1963 – French President Charles de Gaulle opposes the UK's entry into the European Economic Community (EEC).
• 1964 - Parliament ratified the Common Market agreement signed on September 12, 1963.
• 1969 – The United States aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CVN-65) explodes off Hawaii: 25 dead.
• 1970 – Turkish lira was issued according to the law no. 1211.
• 1970 - Families of prisoners march for "general amnesty".
• 1975 – The Association of All Universities, Academies and High Schools Assistants (TÜMAS) was established.
• 1979 – The 6 wagons of the Mehmetçik Express, which made the Kars - Ankara expedition, overturned due to a rail break near the Yolgeçmez village, Selim district of Erzurum; 18 people were injured, three of them seriously.
• 1983 – President Kenan Evren was given honorary professorship and honorary doctorate of law at Istanbul University Faculty of Law.
• 1983 – Notes of President Kenan Evren on the interest of students at Istanbul University: “They have come to university, they want to prepare themselves for the future and have a job. Otherwise, they did not come to establish a Marxist-Leninist or sharia order. Now they have a comfortable reading environment. They see me as the person who created that environment, and they applaud for him.”
• 1985 – EEC reduced to zero its customs duties on raisins, hazelnuts and processed tobacco exported from Turkey to the countries of the Community. The Community has put a quota of 25 thousand tons on these products.
• 1985 - Martina Navratilova won her 100th tennis tournament.
• 1987 – The International Chamber of Commerce chose Vehbi Koç as the “Businessman of the Year in the World”.
• 1990 – The “Declaration of Democratic Socialism for Yugoslavia” issued at the extraordinary meeting of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia caused fierce debate.
• 1993 – Nubar Terziyan was deemed worthy of the “Labor Award” at the Ankara International Film Festival.
• 1994 - Bill Clinton and Boris Yeltsin agree to end the targeting of missiles at any country and destroy Ukraine's nuclear weapons stockpile.
• 1994 – 3 people died and 17 people were injured as a result of the explosion of bombs placed on four intercity passenger buses. The PKK's (Kurdistan Workers' Party) military wing, ARGK (Kurdistan People's Liberation Army), claimed responsibility for the actions.
• 1995 – The first International Nâzım Hikmet Poetry Award was given to Lebanese poet Adonis at a ceremony held in Istanbul.
• 1998 – An Afghan cargo plane crashes into a mountain in southwestern Pakistan: 50 people are killed.
• 2000 – The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia sentenced five Bosnian Croats to 1993 years in prison for the 103 murder of at least 25 Muslims in the village of Ahmichi.
• 2005 – The European Space Agency's (ESA) space probe named Huygens landed on the surface of Saturn's moon Titan.
• 2005 – A farewell ceremony was held for the 27th Mechanized Infantry Brigade, which will take on the Kabul Multinational Brigade Command for 6 months on January 28, by participating in the International Security Assistance Force operation in Afghanistan.
• 2007 – A Venezuelan twin-engine passenger plane on the Panama-Caracas route crashes in northeastern Colombia: 14 people are killed.
• 2011 – Following the demonstrations that started with a person setting himself on fire in Tunisia, President Zeynel Abidin Ben Ali fled the country, a transitional government was formed.
• 2020 – Wikipedia is reopened in Turkey.

Births

• 83 BC – Mark Antony, Roman general and politician (d. 30 BC)
• 1702 – Nakamikado, 114th Emperor of Japan (d. 1737)
• 1770 – Adam Czartoryski, Polish statesman and politician (d. 1861)
• 1798 – Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, Dutch politician and liberal statesman (d. 1872)
• 1800 – Ludwig von Köchel, Austrian musicologist (d. 1877)
• 1801 Jane Welsh Carlyle, Scottish author (d. 1866)
• 1806 – Matthew Fontaine Maury, American astronomer, naval officer, historian, oceanographer, meteorologist, cartographer, author, geologist, and educator (d. 1873)
• 1818 – Zachris Topelius, Finnish writer (d. 1898)
• 1818 – Ole Jacob Broch, Norwegian mathematician, physicist, economist, and politician (d. 1889)
• 1824 – Vladimir Stasov, Russian critic (d. 1906)
• 1834 – Todor Burmov, first Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 1906)
• 1836 – Henri Fantin-Latour, French painter (d. 1904)
• 1841 – Berthe Morisot, French painter (d. 1895)
• 1850 Pierre Loti, French novelist (d. 1923)
• 1851 – Ernst Hartwig, German astronomer (d. 1923)
• 1863 – Lyubomir Miletic, Bulgarian linguist, ethnographer and historian (d. 1937)
• 1863 Paul Horn, German philologist (d. 1908)
• 1868 – Noe Jordania, Georgian politician, journalist (d. 1953)
• 1870 – George Pearce, Australian politician (d. 1952)
• 1870 – Ali Ekber Tufan, Turkish politician (d. 1970)
• 1875 – Albert Schweitzer, German theologian, philosopher, missionary, physician, and 1952 Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 1965)
• 1875 – Felix Hamrin, Swedish politician (d. 1937)
• 1886 – Franz Josef Popp, founder of BMW AG (d. 1954)
• 1887 – Hugo Steinhaus, Polish mathematician and educator (d. 1972)
• 1892 – Emil Gustav Friedrich Martin Niemöller, German anti-Nazi religious scholar, preacher, and founder of the Bekennende Kirche (Confessional Church) (d. 1984)
• 1896 – John Rodrigo Dos Passos, American author (d. 1970)
• 1897 – Hasso von Manteuffel, West German politician (d. 1978)
• 1899 – Fritz Bayerlein, German Panzer general (d. 1970)
• 1914 – Selahattin Ülkümen, Turkish diplomat (d. 2003)
• 1919 – Giulio Andreotti, Italian Christian democratic politician and several times Prime Minister of Italy from 1972-1992 (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Yukio Mishima, Japanese writer (d. 1970)
• 1932 – Carlos Borges, Uruguayan football player (d. 2014)
• 1940 – Bilge Olgaç, Turkish cinema director and screenwriter (d. 1994)
• 1940 - John Castle, English actor
• 1941 – Faye Dunaway, American actress
• 1943 – Ralph Steinman, Canadian immunologist, cell biologist, and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2011)
• 1944 – Jan Aas, Norwegian former football player and coach (d. 2016)
• 1949 – İlyas Salman, Turkish cinema, theater, TV series actor, director and columnist
• 1949 – Tarık Papuççuoğlu, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor
• 1955 – Dominique Rocheteau, French football player
• 1959 – Rasim Öztekin, Turkish actor (d. 2021)
• 1963 – Steven Soderbergh, American producer and screenwriter
• 1964 – Yılmaz Morgül, Turkish singer
• 1965 – Shamil Basayev, Chechen leader (d. 2006)
• 1966 – Marco Hietala, Finnish musician
• 1969 – Dave Grohl, American musician and founder of Foo Fighters
• 1970 – Fazıl Say, Turkish pianist and composer
• 1973 – Giancarlo Fisichella, Italian Formula 1 driver
• 1988 – Nissrin Dinar, Moroccan athlete
• 1990 – Grant Gustin, American actor and singer
• 1993 – Damla Colbay, Turkish actress

Deaths

• 1585 – Malûlzade Mehmed Efendi, Ottoman sheikh (b. 1533)
• 1676 – Francesco Cavalli, Italian composer (b. 1602)
• 1742 – Edmond Halley, English scientist (b. 1656)
• 1753 – George Berkeley, English philosopher (b. 1685)
• 1766 – Frederik V, Duke of Denmark-Norway and Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1723)
• 1824 – Atanasios Kanakaris, second prime minister of Greece (b. 1760)
• 1866 – Giovanni Gussone, Italian academic and botanist (b. 1787)
• 1867 – Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, French painter (b. 1780)
• 1883 – William Alexander Forbes, English zoologist (b. 1855)
• 1891 – Aimé Millet, French sculptor (b. 1819)
• 1898 – Lewis Carroll, English writer, mathematician, and logician (famous for his fantasy novel “Alice in Wonderland”) (b. 1832)
• 1899 – Nubar Pasha, Egyptian-American statesman (b. 1825)
• 1905 – Ernst Abbe, German physicist and industrialist (b. 1840)
• 1923 – Zübeyde Hanım, Atatürk's mother (b. 1857)
• 1925 – Harry Furniss, English artist and illustrator (b. 1854)
• 1940 – Heinrich August Meissner, German engineer (chief engineer of the Hejaz Railway) (b. 1862)
• 1941 – Kemal Seden, Turkish producer (the owner of Kemal Film, who opened the first cinema in Turkey and made the first attempt at filmmaking)
• 1944 – Mehmet Emin Yurdakul, Turkish poet and deputy (known as “National Poet”) (b. 1869)
• 1957 – Humphrey Bogart, American actor and winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor (b. 1899)
• 1961 – Barry Fitzgerald, Irish actor (b. 1888)
• 1970 – Asım Gündüz, Turkish soldier and politician, one of the commanders of the National Struggle (b. 1880)
• 1972 – IX. Frederik, King of Denmark (b. 1899)
• 1974 – Seyfi Demirsoy, Turkish trade unionist and President of the Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions (Türk-İş) (b. 1920)
• 1977 – Anais Nin, French writer (b. 1903)
• 1977 – Anthony Eden, British politician (b. 1897)
• 1977 – Peter Finch, British-born Australian actor and winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor (b. 1916)
• 1986 – Daniel Balavoine, French singer (b. 1952)
• 1986 – Donna Reed, American actress (b. 1921)
• 1986 – Enver Naci Gökşen, Turkish writer (b. 1916)
• 1986 – Rikkat Kunt, Turkish illumination artist (b. 1903)
• 1987 – Douglas Sirk, German-American film director (b. 1897)
• 1987 – Turgut Demirağ, Turkish producer and film director (b. 1921)
• 1988 – Georgi Malenkov, Soviet statesman, close colleague of Josef Stalin, and posthumous Prime Minister of the USSR (b. 1902)
• 1990 – Sabri Dino, Turkish national football team goalkeeper and businessman (committed suicide by jumping from the Bosphorus Bridge) (b. 1942)
• 1994 – Behçet Cantürk, Kurdish-born Turkish drug smuggler (b. 1950)
• 1994 – Nubar Terziyan, character actor of Turkish cinema (b. 1909)
• 1996 – Onno Tunç, Armenian-Turkish citizen musician and composer (as a result of the crash of his single-engine plane in Armutlu) (b. 1948)
• 1998 – Safiye Ayla, Turkish classical music artist (b. 1907)
• 2006 – Shelley Winters, American actress and winner of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress (b. 1920)
• 2007 – Darlene Conley, American actress (b. 1934)
• 2009 – Ricardo Montalbán, Mexican-American actor (b. 1920)
• 2012 – Rosy Varte, French actress (b. 1923)
• 2016 – Alan Rickman, English actor and director (b. 1946)
• 2016 – Şefik Döğen, Turkish actor (b. 1947)
• 2017 – Zhou Youguang, Chinese economist, banker, and linguist (b. 1906)
• 2017 – Eldar Kuliev, Soviet film director and screenwriter (b. 1951)
• 2021 – Mehmet Necmettin Ahrazoğlu, Turkish politician (b. 1955)

Holidays and special occasions

• new year according to tamil calendar
• New Year according to eastern orthodox
• Venezuela, Divina Pastora festival.
• Feast of Sankranti in India
• Saint Basil the Great's day
• Storm: Storm of Karakancalos