Today in History: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Established

December 11 is the 345th day of the year (346th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 20.

Railways

• 11 December 1921 Kazım Karabekir asked Rauf Bey, the Actor of Nafia, to transform Samsun into a beautiful port, to build the Ankara-Sivas-Erzurum railway and to connect Samsun to this road; Trabzon -Erzurum argued that the Railway is not economic.

Events

• 1816 - Indiana joins the United States as the 19th state.
• 1901 – The first table tennis tournament was held in the United Kingdom.
• 1927 – It was decided to establish the First General Inspectorate in the eastern provinces; İbrahim Tali Bey (Öngören) was appointed as Inspector.
• 1928 – The Second Economic Council of Turkey convened.
• 1931 - The Republic of South Africa gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1931 - By the Statute of Westminster 1931, the United Kingdom's dominions were given the right to self-government.
• 1936 – VIII. Edward announced that he was abdicating from the British throne in order to marry Wallis Simpson.
• 1937 – II. Italo-Abyssinian War: The Kingdom of Italy withdraws from the League of Nations.
• 1941 – By the announcement of Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, Nazi Germany and the Kingdom of Italy declared war on the United States.
• 1946 – The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is established.
• 1949 - The United Nations recognizes the right of Palestinian refugees to return to their land.
• 1952 – First application of the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works: Copyright Fan publishes an illustrated novel belonging to the magazine, Hürriyet A lawsuit was filed against the newspaper.
• 1962 – The General Secretariat of the National Security Council was established in Turkey.
• 1962 - The death penalty was carried out for the last time in Canada.
• 1964 – Che Guevara gave a speech at the United Nations General Assembly in New York. During the conversation, the building was fired with mortar from outside, the perpetrator was not found.
• 1971 – Istanbul Television increased its broadcasts from two to four days a week.
• 1976 – Ankara University was closed indefinitely.
• 1976 – Bebek Maxim Casino burned down in Istanbul.
• 1977 – Local elections were held in Turkey. The Republican People's Party emerged as the first party in the elections.
• 1987 – Necatigil Poetry Award was given to Ahmet Oktay. Poet AwardSalamander on the RoadHe got it with his work ”.
• 1991 – The European Union countries announced that 1999 would be the deadline for monetary union.
• 1993 – Turkey's Baghdad Embassy Administrative Attaché Çağlar Yücel was killed in an armed attack in his car in Baghdad.
• 1994 – Russia entered Chechnya, which declared its independence unilaterally, with hundreds of tanks and soldiers.
• 1997 – The Kyoto Protocol was opened for signature.
• 1999 – European Union Heads of State and Government Summit came to an end. Turkey's candidacy was finalized in the final document.
• 2001 – China joins the World Trade Organization.
• 2002 - The US House of Representatives and Senate recommended the establishment of a domestic intelligence organization to better coordinate intelligence activities.
• 2004 – Istanbul Modern Art Museum was opened.
• 2009 – The Democratic Society Party was closed by the decision of the Constitutional Court.

Births

• 1465 – Ashikaga Yoshihisa, ninth shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate (d. 1489)
• 1475 – Leo X. Pope from March 9, 1513 – December 1, 1521 (d. 1521)
• 1746 – Jacques Charles, French inventor and scientist (d. 1823)
• 1781 – David Brewster, Scottish scientist, inventor, and author (d. 1868)
• 1803 – Hector Berlioz, French composer (d. 1869)
• 1810 – Alfred de Musset, French writer (d. 1857)
• 1826 – William Henry Waddington, French archaeologist and politician (d. 1894)
• 1843 – Robert Koch, German chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1877)
• 1856 – Georgi Plekhanov, Russian revolutionary and Marxist theorist (d. 1918)
• 1863 – Annie Jump Cannon, American astronomer (d. 1941)
• 1866 – Jack Southworth, English football player (d. 1956)
• 1882 – Fiorello Henry La Guardia, American politician (d. 1947)
• 1882 – Max Born, German physicist (d. 1970)
• 1890 – Carlos Gardel, Argentine musician, composer, and singer (d. 1935)
• 1890 – Mark Tobey, American painter (d. 1976)
• 1908 – Amon Leopold Goth, German Schutzstaffel officer (commander of Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp in Poland during World War II) (d. 1946)
• 1908 – Manoel de Oliveira, Portuguese film director (d. 2015)
• 1911 – Necip Mahfouz, Egyptian writer and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
• 1912 – Carlo Ponti, Italian filmmaker (d. 2007)
• 1913 – Jean Marais, French actor and director (d. 1998)
• 1916 – Elena Garro, Mexican writer (d. 1998)
• 1918 – Alexandr Solzhenitsyn, Russian novelist (d. 2008)
• 1922 – Dilip Kumar, Indian actor and filmmaker (d. 2021)
• 1922 – Maila Nurmi, Finnish-American actress and model (d. 2008)
• 1923 – Betsy Blair was an American film and stage actress (d. 2009)
• 1925 – Paul Greengard, American neurologist (d. 2019)
• 1926 – Big Mama Thornton, American rhythm and blues singer-songwriter (d. 1984)
• 1930 – Chus Lampreave, Spanish actor (d. 2016)
• 1930 – Jean-Louis Trintignant, French film actor
• 1931 – Ronald Myles Dworkin, American philosopher and constitutional lawyer (d. 2013)
• 1931 – Chandra Mohan Jain, Indian mystic guru and spiritualist (d. 1990)
• 1931 - Rita Moreno, Puerto Rican actress, dancer, and singer
• 1935 – Pranab Mukherjee, Indian politician (d. 2020)
• 1936 – Hans van den Broek, Dutch politician
• 1938 – Enrico Macias, French singer
• 1940 - Donna Mills is an American actress.
• 1941 – Jean-Paul Parisé, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015)
• 1943 – John Ayldon, English opera singer (d. 2013)
• 1943 – John Denver, American singer (d. 1997)
• 1943 – John Forbes Kerry, American politician
• 1948 – Stamatis Spanudakis, Greek classical composer
• 1950 – Christina Onassis, American businesswoman (d. 1988)
• 1953 - Bess Armstrong is an American actress.
• 1954 – Jermaine Jacksun, American singer
• 1958 - Chris Hughton, Irish international football player
• 1958 Nikki Sixx, American musician, songwriter, radio host, and photographer
• 1961 – Fatih Aksoy, Turkish producer and director
• 1961 – Steve Nicol, Scottish football player
• 1961 Macky Sall, Senegalese politician
• 1963 - Nigel Winterburn, retired English footballer
• 1964 - Carolyn Waldo, Canadian synchronized swimmer
• 1966 – Leon Lai, Hong Kong actor
• 1967 – Mo'Nique, American actor and comedian
• 1968 – Emmanuelle Charpentier, French chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry
• 1968 - Fabrizio Ravanelli, Italian former international football player
• 1969 – Viswanathan Anand, Indian chess grandmaster
• 1970 – Erkan Petekkaya, Turkish actor
• 1972 – Sami al-Jaber, Saudi national football player and manager
• 1972 – Darío Barrio, Spanish foodie TV host (d. 2014)
• 1973 – Mos Def, American rapper, singer, actor, and activist
• 1974 – Rey Mysterio, American wrestler
• 1976 – Shareef Abdur-Rahim, American basketball player
• 1981 – Javier Saviola, Argentine football player
• 1981 - Zacky Vengeance, American rock musician
• 1982 – Ece Gürsel, Turkish model and singer
• 1984 – Leighton Baines is an English former international footballer.
• 1984 – James Morris, American professional wrestler
• 1985 – Yekta Kurtuluş, Turkish national football player
• 1986 – Zeynep Camci, Turkish actress
• 1986 – Roy Hibbert, Jamaican-American professional former basketball player
• 1987 – Alex Russell, Australian actor
• 1990 – Hassan al-Heydus, Qatari football player
• 1992 – Tiffany Alvord, American singer-songwriter
• 1992 – Rodrigo Maranhão, Brazilian football player
• 1993 – Yalitza Aparicio, Mexican actress and teacher
• 1996 – Hailee Steinfeld, American actress

Deaths

• 384 – Damasus I, Pope (b. 305)
• 969 – II. Nikephoros, Byzantine emperor 963-969 (b. 912)
• 1121 – Al-Afdâl Shahinshah, vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate during 1094-1121 (b. 1066)
• 1241 – Ögeday Khan, Mongol Emperor (son of Genghis Khan) (b. 1186)
• 1282 – Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, last Prince of Wales (b. 1223)
• 1282 – VIII. Michael ruled the Byzantine Empire between 1259-1282 (b. 1223)
• 1610 – Adam Elsheimer, German Baroque painter (b. 1578)
• 1757 – Colley Cibber, English stage actor and writer (b. 1671)
• 1840 – Kōkaku, 119th emperor of Japan in the traditional succession order (b. 1771)
• 1909 – Innokentiy Annensky, Russian poet (b. 1855)
• 1918 – Ivan Cankar, Slovenian writer, playwright, essayist, poet, and political activist (b. 1876)
• 1938 – Christian Lange, Norwegian historian, teacher, and political scientist (b. 1869)
• 1941 – Émile Picard, French mathematician (b. 1856)
• 1942 – Séraphine Louis, French painter (b. 1864)
• 1945 – Charles Fabry, French physicist (b. 1867)
• 1951 – Mustafa Muğlalı, Turkish soldier and commander of the Turkish War of Independence (b. 1882)
• 1951 – Nahit Hilmi Özeren, Turkish literary and lyricist (b. 1897)
• 1953 – Sedat Simavi, Turkish journalist (b. 1896)
• 1964 – Sam Cooke, American singer (b. 1931)
• 1967 – Asım Us, Turkish journalist and politician (b. 1884)
• 1975 – Nihal Atsız, Turkish historian, writer, poet and Turkologist (b. 1905)
• 1978 – Vincent du Vigneaud, American biochemist (b. 1901)
• 1987 – Adile Naşit, Turkish cinema artist (b. 1930)
• 1993 – Çağlar Yücel, Turkish diplomat and Administrative Attache of the Turkish Embassy in Baghdad
• 2002 – André Roch, Swiss mountaineer (b. 1906)
• 2004 – José Luis Cuciuffo, Argentine national football player (b. 1961)
• 2005 – Nihat Aybars, Turkish theater artist (b. 1916)
• 2008 – Bettie Page, American model (b. 1923)
• 2008 – Ali Alatas, Indonesian politician (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Mücap Ofluoğlu, Turkish theater actor, voice actor, director and writer (b. 1923)
• 2012 – Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian soprano (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Ravi Shankar, Indian musician, sitar master and composer (b. 1920)
• 2013 – Nadir Afonso, Portuguese architect and painter (b. 1920)
• 2017 – Mustafa Kemal Uzun, Turkish actor and film director (b. 1959)
• 2018 – Bill Siegel, American documentary filmmaker and director (b. 1962)
• 2019 – David Bellamy, English botanist, author, presenter, environmental activist, and author (b. 1933)
• 2019 – Guy Laporte, French actor and comedian (b. 1948)
• 2020 – Đurđa Ivezić, Croatian theatre, film and television actress (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Kim Ki-duk, South Korean director, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1960)
• 2020 – Joseph Nyagah, Kenyan politician (b. 1948)
• 2020 – Irena Veisaitė, Lithuanian theater scholar, intellectual and human rights activist (b. 1928)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Mountain Day
• World Tango Day