Today in History: Gülhane Military Medical School Opened

December 30 is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 1.

Railways

• 30 December 1894 Eskişehir-Kütahya (76,9km) line is in operation. The line was purchased by the government at 31 December 1928.

Events

• 1517 – Ottoman armies entered Jerusalem.
• 1898 – Gülhane Military Medical School was opened.
• 1903 - 600 people died in a fire in a theater in Chicago (USA).
• 1911 – Sun Yat-sen, the first elected President of China, takes office.
• 1916 – Siberian Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin, who influenced the Tsarist family in Russia, was killed by the nobility.
• 1918 – The Communist Party of Germany is founded.
• 1922 - Vladimir Ilyich Lenin announces the creation of the Soviet Union.
• 1924 - American astronomer Edwin Hubble announced that there are other galaxies in the universe besides the Milky Way.
• 1946 – Yozgat Governor Sadri Aka, who accused the Democrat Party of being communist, was convicted.
• 1947 – In Romania, the pro-Soviet Government deposed King Mihai.
• 1950 – Turkey decided to send troops to Korea on 25 July. A lawsuit was filed when the Turkish Peace Lovers Association protested the sending of soldiers to Korea. The head of the association, Behice Boran, and her friends were each sentenced to fifteen months in prison.
• 1951 – Süreyya Pasha Workers' Sanatorium was opened in Maltepe, Istanbul.
• 1953 - The first NTSC system television equipment was put on the market. Each of these devices produced by RCA company was sold for 1175 dollars.
• 1958 – Insurgents led by Fidel Castro are about to seize the Capital of Cuba. Castro aims to overthrow Batista's military regime.
• 1960 – The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development agreed to provide loans to Turkey.
• 1972 - United States President Richard Nixon orders "Stop the bombing of Hanoi".
• 1977 – Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge was tendered for 104 million liras.
• 1981 – Galatasaray Education Foundation was established.
• 1990 – Turkish Human Rights Institution Foundation was established.
• 1993 - Israel and the Vatican agreed to mutually recognize each other.
• 1994 – A bomb exploded in Cafe Marmara at the entrance of The Marmara Hotel in Taksim; Archaeologist Yasemin Cebenoyan, the older sister of cinema critic Cüneyt Cebenoyan, died; writer and film critic Onat Kutlar was seriously injured, but he died on January 11, 1995.
• 1997 – Gunmen carried out massacres in four villages in Algeria, killing 412 people.

Births

• 39 – Titus Flavius ​​Vespasianus, Roman emperor (d. 81)
• 1371 – Vasily I, Grand Prince of Moscow from 1389-1425 (d. 1425)
• 1490 – Ebussuud Efendi, Ottoman cleric and statesman (d. 1574)
• 1673 – III. Ahmet, 23rd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1736)
• 1782 – Johann Benckiser, German businessman (d. 1851)
• 1811 – James Redhouse, English linguist, translator, and lexicographer (d. 1892)
• 1812 – Karl Schapper, German socialist and trade union leader (d. 1870)
• 1819 – Theodor Fontane, German writer and pharmacist (d. 1898)
• 1842 – Osman Hamdi Bey, Ottoman archaeologist, museum curator, painter and Kadıköy's first Mayor (d. 1910)
• 1851 – Asa Griggs Candler, American producer of soft drinks (who developed Coca-Cola) (d. 1929)
• 1865 – Rudyard Kipling, English writer and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1936)
• 1874 – Reinhold Glière, Polish, Russian and later Soviet composer (d. 1956)
• 1879 – Ramana Maharshi, Hindu mystic (d. 1950)
• 1880 – Semyon Aralov, Soviet soldier, statesman, and revolutionary (d. 1969)
• 1884 – Hideki Tojo, Japanese soldier, philosopher, and statesman (d. 1948)
• 1884 – Arthur Edmund Carewe, American-Armenian stage and film actor (d. 1937)
• 1886 – Urho Castrén, President of the Finnish Supreme Administrative Court (d. 1965)
• 1889 – Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, 47th President of Mexico (d. 1973)
• 1891 – Antoine Pinay, Prime Minister of France (d. 1994)
• 1895 – Hamza Humo, Bosnian poet, playwright, and novelist (d. 1970)
• 1906 – Carol Reed, English film director and Academy Award winner for Best Director (d. 1976)
• 1910 – Paul Bowles, American author (d. 1999)
• 1910 – Sylvester Stadler, German general (d. 1995)
• 1914 – Mahir Canova, Turkish theater director (d. 1993)
• 1921 – Rashid Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 1987)
• 1927 – Turgut Özatay, Turkish film actor (d. 2002)
• 1927 – Robert Hossein, French actor, director and writer (d. 2020)
• 1927 – Hamid Karvi, former prime minister of Tunisia (d. 2020)
• 1928 – Janez Zemljaric, Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia
• 1929 – Rosalinde Hurley, English physician, microbiologist, and pathologist (d. 2004)
• 1930 – Elmira Minita Gordon, Belizean politician (d. 2021)
• 1930 – Tu Youyou, Chinese pharmaceutical chemist and educator
• 1931 – John T. Houghton, Welsh atmospheric physicist who shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with CBE Gore (d. 2020)
• 1934 – Joseph Bologna, American actor, comedian, voice actor, and television writer (d. 2017)
• 1935 – Omar Bongo, Gabonese politician (d. 2009)
• 1935 - Sandy Koufax, retired American baseball player
• 1937 Gordon Banks, English former football player (d. 2019)
• 1940 – Jim Burrows, American director
• 1945 – Paola Pigni, Italian middle and long distance runner (d. 2021)
• 1946 – Patti Smith, American musician and poet
• 1946 – Berti Vogts, German former international football player and manager
• 1950 – Bjarne Stroustrup, Danish computer scientist
• 1953 – Daniel T. Barry, American engineer, scientist, and former NASA astronaut
• 1953 – Graham Vick, English opera director (d. 2021)
• 1953 – Meredith Vieira, American broadcast journalist and television personality
• 1956 – Patricia Kalember, American television, film and television actress
• 1957 – Matt Lauer, former American news anchor
• 1957 – Nikos Portokaloglou, Greek singer and composer
• 1958 – Steven Smith, American Astronaut
• 1959 – Tracey Ullman, English-American actress, comedian, singer, writer, producer, and director
• 1961 Bill English, New Zealand politician
• 1961 – Sean Hannity, American talk show host and conservative political commentator
• 1961 Ben Johnson, Canadian former athlete
• 1961 – Seda Sayan, Turkish singer, serial actress and television presenter
• 1963 – Mike Pompeo, American politician and 70th US Secretary of State
• 1966 – Bennett Miller, American director
• 1968 Bryan Burk, American television producer
• 1969 - Kersti Kaljulaid, fifth president of Estonia
• 1971 – Ricardo López Felipe, Spanish national football player
• 1972 – Daniel Amokachi, Nigerian national football player
• 1973 - Jason Behr, American film and television actor
• 1973 – Ato Boldon, former athlete from Trinidad and Tobago
• 1973 - Nacho Vidal, Spanish actor
• 1975 – Scott Chipperfield, Australian former football player
• 1975 - Tiger Woods, American golfer
• 1977 – Laila Ali, American actress, businesswoman, and professional boxer
• 1977 – Volkan Kürşat Bekiroğlu, Turkish football player
• 1977 – Saša Ilić, former Serbian football player
• 1977 Kenyon Martin, American basketball player
• 1977 – Kemal Muslubaş, Turkish sailor and trainer
• 1977 – Lucy Punch, English actress
• 1978 – Tyrese Gibson, American actor and singer
• 1978 – Zbigniew Robert Promiński, Polish drummer
• 1979 Yelawolf, American rapper
• 1980 – Eliza Dushku, Albanian-American actress
• 1980 – Didier Ilunga Mbenga, Belgian professional basketball player of Congolese descent
• 1981 – Cédric Carrasso, French former international football player
• 1981 – Ali Al-Habsi, former Omani football player
• 1982 - Kristin Kreuk, Canadian actress
• 1983 – Kevin Systrom, American entrepreneur and computer programmer
• 1984 – Randall Azofeifa, Costa Rican national football player
• 1984 – Andra Day, American singer, songwriter, and actress
• 1984 – LeBron James, American basketball player
• 1986 – Domenico Criscito, Italian defender
• 1986 - Ellie Goulding, English singer
• 1986 – Caity Lotz, American actress, dancer, singer, and model
• 1986 – Meggan Mallone, American porn star
• 1989 – Ryan Sheckler, American professional skateboarder
• 1994 – Tyler Boyd, New Zealand-American football player
• 1995 – Kim Taehyung, South Korean singer, dancer and songwriter
• 2001 – Buket Öztürk, Turkish bocce player

Deaths

• 1573 – Giovanni Battista Giraldi, Italian novelist and poet (b. 1504)
• 1591 – IX. Innocentius, Pope (b. 1519)
• 1643 – Giovanni Baglione, Italian Late Mannerist and Early Baroque painter and art historian (b. 1566)
• 1691 – Robert Boyle, Irish scientist (b. 1627)
• 1769 – Faustina Pignatelli, Italian mathematician and scientist (b. 1705)
• 1788 – Francesco Zuccarelli, Italian Rococo painter (b. 1702)
• 1793 – Noël Martin Joseph de Necker, Belgian physician and botanist (b. 1730)
• 1896 – José Rizal, Filipino journalist, author, and poet (b. 1861)
• 1916 – Grigori Rasputin, Russian mystic (b. 1869)
• 1927 – İsmail Hakkı Bey, Turkish composer and music educator (b. 1865)
• 1933 – Ion Gheorghe Duca, Romanian statesman (b. 1879)
• 1941 – El Lissitzky, Russian painter (b. 1890)
• 1944 – Romain Rolland, French novelist, daramaturg, essayist, and 1915 Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866)
• 1946 – Salvatore Valeri, Italian painter (b. 1856)
• 1947 – Alfred North Whitehead, English mathematician and philosopher (b. 1861)
• 1951 – Adolf Henryk Silberschein, Polish-Jewish lawyer (b. 1882)
• 1960 – Haşmet Akal, Turkish painter (b. 1918)
• 1968 – Trygve Lie, Norwegian politician and diplomat (b. 1896)
• 1970 – Sonny Liston, American boxer (b. 1932)
• 1971 – Jo Cals, Dutch politician (b. 1914)
• 1974 – Ali Muhittin Hacı Bekir, Turkish sportsman and former President of Fenerbahçe Sports Club (b. 1891)
• 1979 – Richard Rodgers, American composer, songwriter, and playwright (b. 1902)
• 1982 – Boris Bajanov, secretary of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and secretary to Josef Stalin from 1923 to 1925 (b. 1900)
• 1982 – Alberto Vargas, Peruvian Pin-up girl painter (b. 1896)
• 1986 – İlhan Koman, Turkish sculptor (b. 1921)
• 1992 – Ling-Ling, giant panda gifted by China to the United States during President Nixon's 1972 visit (b. 1969)
• 1993 – İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil, Turkish politician and Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1908)
• 1995 – Doris Grau, American script consultant, actress, and sound artist (b. 1924)
• 1996 – Lew Ayres, American actor (b. 1908)
• 1999 – Sarah Knauss, American woman named world's oldest woman (b. 1880)
• 1999 – Fritz Leonhardt, German civil engineer (b. 1909)
• 2000 – Julius J. Epstein, American author (b. 1909)
• 2002 – Mary Wesley, English writer (b. 1912)
• 2004 – Rıza Maksut İşman, Turkish athlete (b. 1915)
• 2004 – Artie Shaw, American jazz clarinetist and composer (b. 1910)
• 2006 – Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (b. 1937)
• 2009 – Abdurrahman Vahit, President of Indonesia (b.1940)
• 2010 – Bobby Farrell, Dutch musician and singer born in Aruba (b. 1949)
• 2012 – Rita Levi-Montalcini, Italian neurologist (b. 1909)
• 2012 – Carl Woese, American microbiologist (b. 1928)
• 2013 – Ayhan Sökmen, Turkish physician and composer (b. 1929)
• 2013 – Fatma Güzide Gülpınar Taranoğlu, Turkish writer and poet (b. 1922)
• 2014 – Luise Rainer, two-time Oscar-winning German actress (b. 1910)
• 2015 – Yorgo Andreadis, Greek writer (b. 1936)
• 2016 – Kyriakos Amiridis, Greek diplomat and Greek ambassador to Brazil (b. 1957)
• 2016 – Ed-Diba, former Egyptian international football player (b. 1927)
• 2016 – Huston Smith, American professor (b. 1919)
• 2017 – Khalid Shameem Wynne, Pakistani senior rank of General (b. 1953)
• 2018 – Mrinal Sen, Indian film producer (b. 1923)
• 2018 – Héctor Timerman, Argentina's foreign minister from 2010-2015 (b. 1953)
• 2019 – Marion Gibbons, Scottish writer and novelist (b. 1936)
• 2019 – Antônio Dumas, former Brazilian football player and manager (b. 1955)
• 2019 – Jan Fedder, German actor (b. 1955)
• 2019 – Nils Petter Sundgren, Swedish film critic and television presenter (b. 1929)
• 2020 – Josep Corominas i Busqueta, Spanish Catalan physician and politician (b. 1939)
• 2020 – Dawn Wells, American actress, producer, model, and writer (b. 1938)