Today in History: Battleship Mesudiye was Sunk by British Submarine in Çanakkale

December 13 is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 18.

Railways

• 13 December 1939 Law No. 18,5 on the extension of the railway to Erzurum Uzunahmetler (3745 km) entered into force.
• 13 December 2018 Ankara High Speed ​​Train crash 9 people killed 28 people injured

Events

• 1522 – Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I demanded the surrender of Rhodes.
• 1642 - Dutch navigator Abel Tasman discovered New Zealand.
• 1754 – Ottoman Sultan, III. Osman's reign began.
• 1789 – In France, the National Guard is founded.
• 1805 - Serbian Revolts and Serbian capture of Belgrade under the leadership of Black George.
• 1877 – The 2nd Parliament of Parliament began its work.
• 1903 - Italian-American ice cream seller Italo Marcioni patented the first ice cream cone.
• 1914 – The Battleship Mesudiye was sunk in Çanakkale by the British submarine HMS B11.
• 1937 - The Imperial Japanese Land Forces capture Nanjing, the Capital of the Republic of China.
• 1937 - The first scotch tape was put on sale.
• 1939 – Pocket battleship Kriegsmarine Admiral Graf Spee Royal Navy cruisers with HMS Exeter, HMS Ajax and HMS Achilles The Battle of the Río de la Plata began.
• 1941 – II. World War II: The Kingdom of Hungary and the Kingdom of Romania declare war on the United States.
• 1942 – Earthquake in Çorum: 25 people died, 589 houses were destroyed.
• 1949 - Israel declared Jerusalem the capital. After the Arab-Israeli War, the Old City and East Jerusalem remained in Jordan, and West Jerusalem in Israel. The city, according to UN resolutions international city had been announced.
• 1957 – Earthquake in Iran: 2 thousand people died.
• 1959 - Archbishop Makarios was elected President of the independent Republic of Cyprus.
• 1960 – French President Charles de Gaulle's visit to Algeria was eventful. 123 people died in the events unleashed by the French nationalists.
• 1960 – Ankara Martial Law Command, New day ve Öncü closed its newspapers for 3 days.
• 1967 – King of Greece II. Constantine's attempted coup against the junta failed. The Colonels' Junta continued to rule. The king had to leave his country.
• 1969 – In the Soviet Union, the foundation of the Kamaz automobile plant was laid.
• 1974 – Republic was proclaimed in Malta.
• 1978 – A neighborhood in the Netherlands declared itself an “Independent State”.
• 1980 – 19-year-old Erdal Eren, who was tried for the murder of Infantry Private Zekeriya Önge and sentenced to death, was executed.
• 1981 - General Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski declared martial law in Poland. 14 thousand unionized workers were arrested.
• 1983 – 45th Government of the Republic of Turkey (13 December 1983 – 21 December 1987), took office.
• 1986 – World and Olympic Champion Weightlifter Naim Süleymanoğlu defected to Turkey.
• 1995 – The European Parliament approved the Customs Union agreement signed with Turkey.
• 1996 - Kofi Annan was elected United Nations Secretary-General.
• 1998 – Turkish Junior Women's national team became the champion in the 5th European Cross Country Championship held in Italy.
• 2002 – European Union Enlargement: The EU announced that 10 new states (South Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia) will become members from 1 May 2004.
• 2003 – US military forces capture ousted Iraqi President Saddam Hussein in his hiding place in Iraq.
• 2004 – Augusto Pinochet, former dictator of Chile, in the 1970s and 1980s Operation Vulture It was decided that he should be kept under surveillance at home on the grounds that he had committed a crime during
• 2005 – Telsim, which was put up for sale by the SDIF, was tendered to Vodafone Telekomünikasyon A.Ş.
• 2011 – 6 people were killed and 125 people were injured in a suicide attack in Liège, Belgium.

Births

• 1521 – Sixtus V, Pope (d. 1590)
• 1533 – XIV. Eric, King of Sweden (d. 1577)
• 1553 Henry IV, King of France (d. 1610)
• 1640 – Robert Plot, English naturalist (d. 1696)
• 1662 – Francesco Bianchini, Italian philosopher and scientist (d. 1729)
• 1678 – Yongzheng, Emperor of China (d. 1735)
• 1724 – Franz Maria Aepinus, German scientist (d. 1802)
• 1780 – Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, German chemist (d. 1849)
• 1784 – Louis, Archduke of Austria (d. 1864)
• 1797 – Heinrich Heine, German Romantic poet and writer (d. 1856)
• 1816 – Ernst Werner von Siemens, German engineer, inventor, and industrialist (d. 1892)
• 1818 – Mary Todd Lincoln, wife of Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States (d. 1882)
• 1836 Franz von Lenbach, German painter (d. 1904)
• 1887 – Ramón Grau, Cuban medical doctor and President of Cuba (d. 1969)
• 1887 – George Polya, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1985)
• 1902 – Panayotis Kanellopoulos, Greek writer, politician (d. 1986)
• 1902 – Talcott Parsons, American sociologist (d. 1979)
• 1908 – Elizabeth Alexander, English geologist, academic, and physicist (d. 1958)
• 1911 – Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian statistician, economist, and econometrician (d. 1999)
• 1915 – Curd Jürgens, German-Austrian actor (d. 1982)
• 1915 – Balthazar Johannes Vorster, South African politician (d. 1983)
• 1917 – Antonino Fernández Rodríguez, Spanish businessman (d. 2016)
• 1919 – Hans-Joachim Marseille, German Luftwaffe pilot (d. 1942)
• 1920 – George P. Shultz, American economist, businessman, and statesman (d. 2021)
• 1921 – Turgut Demirağ, Turkish producer and film director (d. 1987)
• 1923 – Philip Anderson, Nobel Prize-winning American physicist (d. 2020)
• 1929 – Christopher Plummer, Canadian film, stage and television actor and winner of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor (d. 2021)
• 1934 – Richard D. Zanuck, Academy Award-winning American filmmaker (d. 2012)
• 1935 – Türkan Saylan, Turkish medical doctor, academic and writer (d. 2009)
• 1936 – IV. Aga Khan, 49th Imam of the Nizari Ismail'iyya sect of Shi'ism
• 1943 – Ivan Kliun, Russian painter (b. 1873)
• 1949 – Tarık Akan, Turkish film actor (d. 2016)
• 1957 – Steve Buscemi, American actor and director
• 1964 – Hideto Matsumoto, Japanese musician and guitarist
• 1967 – Jamie Foxx, American actor and winner of the Academy Award for Best Actor
• 1969 – Tony Curran, Scottish actor
• 1972 – Damien Comolli, French football coach
• 1973 – Emre Asik, Turkish football player
• 1975 – Bahar Mert, Turkish volleyball player
• 1975 – Erdem Akakçe, Turkish theater and film actor
• 1978 – Okan Yalabık, Turkish cinema, series and TV actor
• 1980 – Tülin Şahin, Turkish top model
• 1981 – Amy Lee, American vocalist, composer, and founder of rock band Evanescence
• 1982 – Elisa Di Francisca, Italian fencer
• 1984 - Santi Gonzalez, Spanish national football player
• 1984 – Hanna-Maria Seppälä, Finnish swimmer
• 1989 – Taylor Swift, American country singer

Deaths

• 1051 – Al-Biruni, Persian mathematician alleged to be of Turkish origin (b. 973)
• 1124 – II. Callistus was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal State from February 1, 1119 until his death in 1124 (b. 1065)
• 1204 – Musa ibn Maimon, Sephardi Jewish philosopher, chief rabbi, Talmud scholar and replicator (b. 1135)
• 1250 – II. Frederick, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1194)
• 1466 – Donatello, Florentine sculptor (b. 1386)
• 1521 – Manuel I, King of Portugal from 1495 to 1521 (b. 1469)
• 1557 – Niccolò Tartaglia, Italian mathematician (b. 1500)
• 1565 – Conrad Gesner, Swiss naturalist (b. 1516)
• 1721 – Alexander Selkirk, Scottish sailor (spent 4 years on a desert island and inspired Robinson Crusoe) (b. 1676)
• 1754 – Mahmut I, 24th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1696)
• 1784 – Samuel Johnson, English writer and lexicographer (b. 1709)
• 1863 – Friedrich Hebbel, German dramatist (b. 1813)
• 1881 – August Šenoa, Croatian novelist, critic, editor, poet and playwright (b. 1838)
• 1889 – Abraham Behor Kamondo, French banker, collector, and philanthropist (b. 1829)
• 1908 – Augustus Le Plongeon, British amateur archaeologist, antiquities expert, and photographer (b. 1825)
• 1926 – Rudolf Eisler, German philosopher (b. 1873)
• 1927 – Riyaziyeci Mehmet Nadir Bey, Turkish mathematician (b. 1856)
• 1930 – Fritz Pregl, Slovenian chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1869)
• 1931 – Gustave Le Bon, French sociologist and anthropologist (b. 1841)
• 1935 – Victor Grignard, French chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1871)
• 1943 – Ivan Kliun, Russian painter, sculptor, and art theorist (b. 1873)
• 1944 – Vasily Kandinsky, Russian painter (b. 1866)
• 1945 – Irma Grese, II. During World War II she was responsible for approximately 30.000 female workers in the Ravensbrück concentration camp, Auschwitz Concentration Camp, and Bergen-Belsen concentration camps (b. 1923)
• 1945 – Josef Kramer, SS Officer and Commander of Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp in Nazi Germany (b. 1906)
• 1945 – Cezmi Or, Turkish athlete (b. 1921)
• 1955 – Egas Moniz, Portuguese neurologist, politician, and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1874)
• 1959 – Ali Rıza Artunkal, Turkish soldier and politician (b. 1881)
• 1961 – Grandma Moses, American painter (b. 1860)
• 1966 – Ahilya Moshos, Greek-Turkish lawyer and politician
• 1974 – Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu, Turkish novelist, journalist and politician (b. 1889)
• 1974 – John Godolphin Bennett, British soldier (b. 1897)
• 1977 – Oğuz Atay, Turkish storyteller and novelist (b. 1934)
• 1979 – Behçet Necatigil, Turkish poet and writer (b. 1916)
• 1980 – Erdal Eren, Turkish TDKP member (b. 1961)
• 1994 – Antoine Pinay, prime minister of France (b. 1891)
• 2001 – Chuck Schuldiner, American guitarist and soloist (b. 1967)
• 2002 – Zal Yanovski, Canadian guitarist (b. 1944)
• 2003 – Fadva Tukan, Palestinian poet
• 2009 – Paul A. Samuelson, American economist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)
• 2010 – Richard Holbrooke, American diplomat, magazine publisher, and author (b. 1941)
• 2013 – Zafer Önen, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor (b. 1921)
• 2015 – Benedict Anderson, Anglo-Irish-American political scientist (b. 1936)
• 2016 – Thomas C. Schelling, American economist (b. 1921)
• 2016 – Zübeyde Servet, Egyptian actress (b. 1940)
• 2016 – Alan Thicke, Canadian actor, songwriter, and television host (b. 1947)
• 2017 – Mustafa Akgül, Turkish academic, engineer, mathematician, computer scientist, activist (b. 1948)
• 2017 – Yurizan Beltran, American porn star (b. 1986)
• 2017 – Warrel Dane, American heavy metal singer, songwriter, musician, and actor (b. 1961)
• 2017 – Ali Kızıltuğ, Turkish folk poet (b. 1943)
• 2018 – Matti Kassila, Finnish film director (b. 1924)
• 2018 – Nancy Wilson, American jazz singer (b. 1937)
• 2019 – Gerd Baltus, German theater, film and television actor (b. 1932)
• 2019 – Ushiomaru Motoyasu, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1978)
• 2020 – Otto Barić, Croatian former football player and manager (b. 1933)
• 2020 – Mandvulo Ambrose Dlamini, Swaziland businessman and politician (b. 1968)
• 2020 – Nur Hossain Kasemi, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar, politician, educator, cleric and spiritual figure (b. 1945)
• 2020 – Jaroslav Mostecký, Czech science fiction writer (b. 1963)