Today in History: The Use of New Turkish Letters Entered into Force

December 1 is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 30.

Railways

• 1 Aralık1928 Kütahya-Tavşanlı line (50 km) was opened with the attendance of Nafia Deputy Recep Peker.
  1 December 1930 Fevzipaşa-Diyarbakır Line reached Malatya and the first train entered.
  December 1 1947 from Turkey and the US Federal Highway Administration Deputy Director General known as the "Hilts Report" was instrumental in changes in transportation policy. II. Inadequate in terms of the railways in World War II military pushed Turkey into the road.

Events

• 1402 – Timur besieged Izmir, where Rhodes knights ruled for 57 years.
• 1420 – King Henry V of England enters Paris.
• 1577 - Francis Walsingham is knighted.
• 1640 - Portugal declared its independence from Spain.
• 1768 – The former slave and prisoner ship Fredensborg sank off Tromøya, Norway.
• 1821 - José Núñez de Cáceres gains the independence of the Dominican Republic from Spain and names the new region the Spanish Republic of Haiti.
• 1822 – Peter I is crowned Emperor of Brazil.
• 1824 – United States presidential election: Since no candidate receives a majority of the total electoral votes in the election, the United States House of Representatives is mandated to determine the winner under the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
• 1828 - Argentine general Juan Lavalle launches a campaign against governor Manuel Dorrego, initiating the Decembrist revolution.
• 1834 - The Cape Colony approved abolition of slavery under the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833.
• 1862 - President Abraham Lincoln reaffirmed the necessity of ending slavery as ordered in the Equal Rights Bill ten weeks before that date.
• 1865 – Shaw University, the first (historically) black university in the southern United States, is founded in Raleigh, North Carolina.
• 1900 - Nicaraguan government sells the canal rights to the US government for $5 million. The canal agreement failed in March 1901. Great Britain had rejected the amended treaty.
• 1906 – The world's first movie theater opened in Paris.
• 1913 - Ford Motor Company launches the first moving assembly line.
• 1918 – Transylvania was united with Romania after the unification of Bessarabia (27 March) and Bukovina (28 November), resulting in a great union there.
• 1918 – Iceland became a sovereign state, but remained (at that time) part of the Danish kingdom.
• 1918 – The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later turned into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is proclaimed.
• 1919 - Lady Astor; The UK has become the first female member of parliament to sit in the House of Commons. (He was elected to this post on 28 November.)
• 1924 – The Boston Bruins, the National Hockey League's first franchise based in the United States, played their league's first games at home at the still-existing Boston Arena indoor hockey facility.
• 1925 – The Locarno Treaty is signed in London, following the conference in Locarno, Switzerland, between France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Poland, Belgium, and Czechoslovakia.
• 1928 – The use of new Turkish letters came into effect. Newspapers, magazines, signs, signs and advertisements began to be printed with new letters.
• 1928 – II. The Economic Council was convened.
• 1928 – The “Happy Couples Competition” initiated by Vakit newspaper on 30 November was met with interest.
• 1928 – The agreement regarding the liquidation of Ottoman debts was approved in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1931 – The first Turkish movie with sound, "On the Streets of Istanbul" was screened.
• 1934 - Politburo member Sergey Kirov was killed in Soviet Russia. Stalin used the event as an artificial justification for initiating the Great Purge.
• 1935 – Turkish women gaining their political rights.
• 1940 – II. Due to the World War II, the practice of blackout at night started in Turkey.
• 1941 – World War II: Emperor Hirohito of Japan gives final approval to wage war against the United States.
• 1941 – World War II: Fiorello La Guardia, Mayor of New York and Director of the United States Office of Civil Defense, signs the 2th Administrative Order, creating the Civil Air Patrol.
• 1943 – The Tehran Conference, attended by Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin, ends.
• 1945 - Korea Central History MuseumThe construction has been completed.
• 1950 – Turkish Brigade wins the Battle of Kunu-ri in Korea.
• 1952 – The New York Daily News reports the first notable case of gender reassignment surgery, Christine Jorgensen.
• 1954 – Adıyaman and Sakarya became provinces.
• 1954 – Journalist Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın was imprisoned.
• 1955 – In Montgomery, Alabama (USA), a black woman named Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving her seat on the bus to a white man. Parks was also charged with violating the city's racial segregation laws. This was an event that led to a bus boycott in the city.
• 1964 – The Ankara Agreement, signed on September 12, 1963, envisaging the establishment of a partnership between Turkey and the European Economic Community, entered into force.
• 1965 – 9 workers died in a firedamp explosion in Ereğli.
• 1973 - Papua New Guinea gains autonomy from Australia. It declared its independence on September 16, 1975.
• 1980 – Turgut Özal was appointed as the Undersecretary of the Prime Ministry.
• 1980 – Art magazine Show started to be published.
• 1981 – A DC-9 passenger plane belonging to Yugoslavia Airlines crashes in Corsica: 178 people are killed.
• 1983 – The task of the Consultative Assembly, which was formed after the 12 September Coup, ended with the new parliament taking office after the 6 November 1983 general elections.
• 1986 – Writer Demir Özlü was stripped of his citizenship on the grounds that he did not participate in the lawsuit brought against him.
• 1987 – The World Health Organization (WHO) announced World AIDS Day for the first time.
• 1989 - The East German Parliament repeals the communist party.
• 1990 – The sections of the Channel Tunnel starting from the United Kingdom and France met 40 meters below the seabed.
• 1991 – Nursultan Nazarbayev, with 98,7% of the votes, became the first President of Kazakhstan to be elected by the people.
• 1999 – Burj Al Arab (321 meters, the world's tallest hotel) was opened.
• 2000 – The ex-dictator of Chile, Augusto Pinochet, is ordered to be arrested for murder and kidnapping crimes during his rule.
• 2002 – The largest right-wing paramilitary group in Colombia, fighting against left-wing guerrillas, declares a unilateral ceasefire.
• 2004 – President of the Supreme Court Eraslan Özkaya retired due to the age limit.
• 2007 – The Turkish Grand National Assembly gave permission to the Turkish Army for a cross-border operation in Northern Iraq.
• 2008 – A mod called Stargate: Empire at War was released for the Star Wars game made by Lucas Arts.
• 2011 – Almazbek Atambayev was elected President of Kyrgyzstan.

Births

• 1081 – VI. louis, "Fat" (French: le Gros), king of France from 1108 until his death (d. 1137)
• 1083 – Anna Komnene, Byzantine princess, scholar, physician, hospital administrator, and historian (d. 1153)
• 1521 – Takeda Shingen was a distinguished and respected daimyō in Late Sengoku Japan (d. 1573)
• 1580 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (d. 1637)
• 1743 – Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist (d. 1817)
• 1761 – Marie Tussaud, French artist (d. 1850)
• 1792 – Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, Russian mathematician (d. 1856)
• 1844 – Alexandra of Denmark, King VII. Queen of the United Kingdom and British Dominions, and Empress of India (d. 1925) as the consort of Edward
• 1884 – Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, German expressionist painter and printmaker (d. 1976)
• 1903 – Nikolai Voznesenski, Soviet-Russian economist (d. 1950)
• 1913 – Mary Martin, American actress and singer (d. 1990)
• 1920 – Pierre Poujade, French politician (d. 2003)
• 1923 – Maurice de Bevere, Belgian illustrator (d. 2001)
• 1925 – Martin Rodbell, American biochemist (d. 1998)
• 1926 – Allyn Ann McLerie, American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 2018)
• 1931 – George Maxwell Richards, fourth President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 2018)
• 1934 – Billy Paul, American musician and singer (d. 2016)
• 1935 – Woody Allen, American actor, writer, film director, and musician
• 1937 – Vaira Vike Freiberga was president of Latvia from 1999 to 2007
• 1939 – Lee Trevino, Mexican-American golfer
• 1940 – Richard Pryor, American actor and writer (d. 2005)
• 1942 – John Crowley, American science fiction and fantasy writer, producer, and documentary screenwriter
• 1945 - Bette Midler, American singer, comedian, and actress
• 1945 – Sevil Ustekin, Turkish actress
• 1949 – Pablo Escobar, Colombian drug lord (d. 1993)
• 1949 – Sebastián Piñera, Chilean billionaire businessman and politician
• 1952 – Pegi Young, American singer, songwriter, environmentalist, educator, and philanthropist (d. 2019)
• 1953 – Akif Hamzaçebi, Turkish financer, economist, sports manager, politician
• 1954 – Tuğrul Türkeş, Turkish economist and politician
• 1955 Verónica Forqué, Spanish actress
• 1956 Chris McMeekin, British middle-distance runner
• 1957 – Vesta Williams, American soul singer, songwriter, and actress (d. 2011)
• 1958 - Alberto Cova, Italian athlete and long-distance runner
• 1958 – Altan Gördüm, Turkish actor
• 1959 - Candace Bushnell, American writer
• 1960 - Carol Alt is an American model and actress.
• 1961 – Mehmet Cevik, Turkish actor
• 1961 – Jeremy Northam is an English actor
• 1964 – Salvatore Schillaci, Italian former international football player
• 1967 – Nestor Carbonell, American actor
• 1968 – Stephan Beckenbauer, German football player and manager (d. 2015)
• 1968 – Justin Chadwick is an English actor and director.
• 1970 – Sarah Silverman, American writer, singer, actress
• 1971 – Emily Mortimer is an English film, theater, television actress, screenwriter and comedian.
• 1973 – Abdurrahman Önül, Turkish divine artist, writer and composer
• 1974 – Costinha is a Portuguese former football player.
• 1975 – Isaiah “Ikey” Owens, American musician and record producer (d. 2014)
• 1977 – Brad Delson, American musician
• 1977 – Sophie Guillemin, French actress
• 1977 – Özgül Kavruk, Turkish actress and model
• 1978 - Mat Kearney, American singer-songwriter
• 1980 – Ceylan Ertem, Turkish singer
• 1980 – Yanna Tailor, Greek singer
• 1982 – Rizwan Ahmed, an English actor and rapper
• 1985 – John Coughlin, American figure skater (d. 2019)
• 1985 – Janelle Monáe, Grammy-nominated American urban/alternative singer and songwriter
• 1985 - Chanel Preston, American porn star
• 1985 – Emiliano Viviano, Italian national football player
• 1987 – Simon Dawkins, Jamaican football player
• 1988 - Zoë Kravitz is an American actress.
• 1988 – Tyler Joseph, American author, singer, and musician
• 1992 – Marco van Ginkel, Dutch football player
• 1995 – James Wilson, English football player
• 2001 – Princess Aiko, Japanese princess

Deaths

• 217 – Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, figure in Jewish history (b. 135)
• 1135 – Henry I serves as King of England (b. 1100)
• 1335 – Ebu Said Bahadır, son of Olcaytu and 9th ruler of the Ilkhanid State (b. 1305)
• 1433 – Go-Komatsu, 100th emperor of Japan in the traditional succession order (b. 1377)
• 1455 – Lorenzo Ghiberti, Italian artist (b. 1378)
• 1521 – Leo X. Pope from March 9, 1513 – December 1, 1521 (b. 1475)
• 1825 – Alexander I, Russian emperor (b. 1777)
• 1913 – Juhan Liiv, Estonian poet and short story writer (b. 1864)
• 1914 – Alfred Thayer Mahan, American historian (b. 1840)
• 1928 – José Eustasio Rivera, Colombian politician, writer, and lawyer (b. 1888)
• 1934 – Sergey Mironovich Kirov, Bolshevik leader (b. 1886)
• 1935 – Bernhard Schmidt, German optical engineer (b. 1879)
• 1947 – Aleister Crowley, English writer (b. 1875)
• 1947 – Godfrey Harold Hardy, English mathematician (b. 1877)
• 1964 – JBS Haldane, English geneticist and evolutionary biologist (b. 1892)
• 1968 – Dario Moreno, Turkish musician and actor (b. 1921)
• 1971 – Hüseyin Avni Şanda, Turkish writer and journalist (b. 1902)
• 1972 – Antonio Segni, President of Italy (b. 1891)
• 1973 – David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1886)
• 1976 – Jane Marken, French actress (b. 1895)
• 1978 – Cengiz Polatkan, Turkish journalist
• 1987 – James Baldwin, American author (b. 1924)
• 1989 – Alvin Ailey, American dancer, choreographer, and activist (b. 1931)
• 1991 – George Stigler, American economist and Nobel Prize laureate in Economics (b. 1911)
• 1994 – Secaettin Tanyerli, Turkish artist (b. 1921)
• 1997 – Stéphane Grappelli, French jazz violinist (b. 1908)
• 1998 – Mazhar Apa, Turkish businessman, painter (b. 1905)
• 2004 – Bernhard, Queen of the Netherlands (b. 1911)
• 2006 – Claude Jade, French actor (b. 1948)
• 2009 – Cahide Birgül, Turkish writer (b. 1956)
• 2011 – Benyamin Sönmez, Turkish cellist (b. 1983)
• 2011 – Christa Wolf, German writer (b. 1929)
• 2012 – Jovan Belcher, American football player (b. 1987)
• 2012 – Marcia Russell, New Zealand journalist, screenwriter, presenter and documentary filmmaker (b. 1940)
• 2016 – Don Calfa, American actor (b. 1939)
• 2017 – Adarsh ​​Sein Anand is an Indian bureaucrat, lawyer, and lawyer (b. 1936)
• 2017 – Arif Dirlik, Turkish historian (b. 1940)
• 2018 – Ken Berry, American actor, singer, and dancer (b. 1933)
• 2018 – Averroes Bucaram, Ecuadorian politician (b. 1954)
• 2018 – Refik Durbaş, Turkish poet (b. 1944)
• 2018 – Ennio Fantastichini, Italian actor (b. 1955)
• 2018 – Ivan Katardžiev, Macedonian historian (b. 1926)
• 2018 – Dave Mantel, Dutch actor, filmmaker, and model (b. 1981)
• 2018 – Maria Pacôme, French actress and playwright (b. 1923)
• 2018 – Stefanie Tücking, German radio and television presenter (b. 1962)
• 2019 – Mariss Jansons, Latvian-born Soviet-Russian conductor (b. 1943)
• 2019 – Shelley Morrison, American stage, film and television actress (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Miguel Algarín, Puerto Rican historian, poet, educator, playwright, and translator (b. 1941)
• 2020 – Hasna Begum, Bangladeshi philosopher and women's rights activist (b. 1935)
• 2020 – Keith Buckley, English actor (b. 1941)
• 2020 – Hugh Keays-Byrne, British-Australian actor and film director (b. 1947)
• 2020 – Jean Cottard, French fencer (b. 1926)
• 2020 – Mariya Itkina, Soviet athlete (b. 1932)
• 2020 – Nina Ivanova, Soviet-Russian actress (b. 1934)

Holidays and special occasions

• World AIDS Day
• World Prisoners of Peace Day