Today in History: Istanbul University (Darülfünun) Established

December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 9.

Railways

• 22 December 1885 All disputes have been frozen between the parties by the Ottoman Empire and Baron Hirsch and the rights of the Rumeli railway operation have been granted to Hirsch. It was decided that the share of the state's shares would be reduced by Hirsch.
• 22 1934 23 1933 Law on the Declaration of the Newly Accepted Texts in Rome at the 2641 XNUMX of the CIV, CIV contracts for the International Goods Passenger Transport with Railways.
• 22 December 2003 Block train application has been started in cargo transportation.
• 22 December 2016 Eurasian Tunnel Auto Transitions Begins
• 1829 - The Baltimore-Ohio Railroad opens, the first railroad line to carry passengers.

Events

• 1453 – Istanbul University (Darülfünun) was founded. Darülfünun was converted into a university in 1933.
• 1574 – Sultan III. Murat ascended the throne.
• 1849 - Dostoevsky returned from execution at the last moment.
• 1885 – In the Meiji period, when modernization began in Japan, with the transition to the cabinet system, Itō Hirobumi was appointed as the first Prime Minister of Japan.
• 1894 - The Dreyfus trial, in which Captain Alfred Dreyfus was wrongfully tried for espionage, begins in France.
• 1895 - The first public cinema screening was held on Rennes Street in Paris. As of December 28, regular screenings started in the basement of the Grand Cafe on Capucines Boulevard. It was the Lumière brothers from Lyon who gave the cinema its name, invented the machine used in its recording and screening and made the first films.
• 1914 – Operation Sarıkamış, which was planned by the Minister of War and Chief of the General Staff Enver Pasha, to liberate the lands under Russian occupation and advance into Russia, began.
• 1930 – Showcase Competition was held in Istanbul on the occasion of the Domestic Goods Week. The jury chose the Oliyon store in Beyoğlu as the store with the best window arrangement.
• 1932 - British rule in India freed 28 prisoners. Among the prisoners was Mahatma Gandhi.
• 1933 – Van der Lubbe, who started the Reichstag (parliamentary building) fire in Germany, was sentenced to death.
• 1938 - The first atomic nucleus was exploded by German chemist Otto Hahn.
• 1944 - Vietnam People's Army is formed.
• 1956 - For the first time, a gorilla gives birth outside its natural habitat in a zoo. The gorilla born in captivity was given the name 'Colo'.
• 1962 – The Council of Judges and Prosecutors was established.
• 1963 – The cruise ship Lakonia burns down 270 km north of the Madeira Islands (Portugal): 128 dead.
• 1964 – The spy plane Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird makes its first flight.
• 1965 – The maximum speed limit on all roads in the UK is 70 miles per hour (112 km). There was no speed limit in this country before.
• 1974 – 6 skiers died under an avalanche in Erzurum.
• 1979 – Yılmaz Çolpan, Director of the Turkish Tourism and Promotion Office in Paris, was killed in an armed attack. ASALA claimed responsibility for the assassination.
• 1979 – Josef Stalin's birthday was celebrated by some communists in Adana and Gaziantep, several privates were injured as a result of the fire opened on the soldiers who wanted to prevent them.
• 1983 – President Kenan Evren spoke at Istanbul University: “Whatever has happened to this country is due to ignorance and bigotry. We have to continue the war against ignorance, bigotry and the resulting reaction without interruption.”
• 1984 - In the New York subway, a white man named Bernhard Hugo Goetz killed 4 blacks who he claimed were going to extort him.
• 1989 - Romanian President Nicolae Ceauşescu was removed from the administration as a result of a popular uprising.
• 1989 - Brandenburg Gate reopened.
• 1990 – Lech Walesa was sworn in as the first elected President of Poland.
• 1992 – Football player Tanju Çolak was sentenced to 9 years in prison. Çolak was on trial for smuggling Mercedes into the country.
• 1994 – The New Democracy Movement became a party with the same name; Cem Boyner was elected as the General President.
• 1999 – The government seized Egebank, Yaşarbank, Yurtbank, Sümerbank and Esbank.
• 2000 - Madonna married film director Guy Ritchie in Scotland.
• 2002 – He started the "Interim Administration", which was established under the Presidency of Hamid Karzai in Afghanistan.
• 2016 – The video of the burning of two Turks, Sefter Taş and Fethi Şahin, by the Islamic State of Iraq and Damascus, was served to the world.

Births

• 245 – Diocletian, Roman emperor who divided the Roman empire into Eastern Rome and Western Rome (d. 312)
• 1095 – II. Rogerro, King of Sicily (d. 1154)
• 1178 – Antoku, 81st emperor of Japan in traditional succession (d. 1185)
• 1183 – Chagatai Khan, Mongolian prince and second son of Genghis Khan (d. 1242)
• 1459 – Cem Sultan, Ottoman prince (son of Fatih Sultan Mehmet) (d. 1495)
• 1639 – Jean Racine, French poet (d. 1699)
• 1856 – Frank B. Kellogg, American lawyer, politician, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 1937)
• 1858 – Giacomo Puccini, Italian opera composer (d. 1924)
• 1869 – Dmitry Egorov, Russian mathematician (d. 1931)
• 1872 – Camille Guérin, French veterinarian, bacteriologist, and immunologist (d. 1961)
• 1887 – Srinivasa Aiyangar Ramanujan, Indian mathematician (d. 1920)
• 1888 – Joseph Arthur Rank, English industrialist and filmmaker (d. 1972)
• 1898 – Vladimir Fock, Soviet physicist (d. 1974)
• 1899 – Ekrem Hakkı Ayverdi, Turkish writer and engineer (d. 1984)
• 1900 – Marc Allégret, French screenwriter and director (d. 1973)
• 1903 - Haldan Keffer Hartline, American physiologist (d. 1983)
• 1905 – Thomas Flowers, English engineer and designer of the Colossus computer (d. 1998)
• 1907 Peggy Ashcroft, English actress (d. 1991)
• 1908 – Giacomo Manzù, Italian sculptor (d. 1991)
• 1915 – Barbara Billingsley, American actress, voice actor (d. 2010)
• 1924 – Sevim Tekeli, professor of Turkish history of science
• 1925 – Lefter Küçükandonyadis, Turkish football player and coach (d. 2012)
• 1926 – Alcides Ghiggia, Uruguayan international football player (d. 2015)
• 1928 – Fredrik Barth, Norwegian social anthropologist (d. 2016)
• 1932 – Phil Woosnam, Welsh football player and manager (d. 2013)
• 1934 – David Pearson, American racing driver (d. 2018)
• 1935 - Paulo Rocha, Portuguese was a screenwriter and filmmaker (d. 2012)
• 1936 – James Burke, English publisher, historian of science, author
• 1937 – Eduard Uspenski, Russian children's author (d. 2018)
• 1943 – Paul Wolfowitz, American former World Bank president and diplomat
• 1945 – Diane Sawyer, American journalist
• 1948 – Lynne Thigpen, American actress (d. 2003)
• 1949 – Maurice Gibb, English musician and member of the Bee Gees (d. 2003)
• 1949 – Robin Gibb, British-born singer-songwriter (d. 2012)
• 1955 – Serdar Özgüldür, Turkish lawyer
• 1955 – Thomas C. Südhof, German-American biochemist
• 1958 - Marijam Agischewa, German actress
• 1959 – Bernd Schuster, German football player and manager
• 1962 – Ralph Fiennes, English actor
• 1963 – Giuseppe Bergomi is an Italian former football player.
• 1965 – David S. Goyer, American film director, screenwriter, and comic book writer
• 1966 – Yasemin Çongar, Turkish journalist and writer
• 1967 – Richey James Edwards, English musician
• 1967 – Dan Petrescu, Romanian football player and manager
• 1968 – Emre Araci, Turkish musicologist, conductor and composer
• 1968 – Luis Hernández, Mexican former football player
• 1968 - Dina Meyer, American actress
• 1969 – Myriam Bédard, Canadian biathlete
• 1970 – Ted Cruz, American politician
• 1970 – Adam Guziński, Polish director and screenwriter
• 1970 – Ömür Gedik, Turkish journalist, artist and activist
• 1972 – Vanessa Chantal Paradis, French actress, musician and model
• 1978 – Danny Ahn, South Korean artist
• 1978 – Joy Ali, Fijian lightweight boxer (d. 2015)
• 1978 – Emmanuel Olisadebe, former Nigerian-born Polish national football player
• 1979 – Eleonora Lo Bianco, Italian volleyball player
• 1979 – Timur Acar, Turkish actor
• 1982 – Britta Heidemann, German fencer
• 1983 – Andrew William Hankinson, American professional wrestler
• 1983 – José Fonte, Portuguese national football player
• 1984 – Basshunter is a Swedish singer, producer and DJ.
• 1986 – Fatih Öztürk, Turkish football player
• 1987 – Éder was a Portuguese international football player.
• 1989 – Jordin Sparks, American singer, songwriter, and model
• 1992 – Moonbyul, South Korean rapper, singer, songwriter, dancer, and actress
• 1993 – Raphael Guerreiro, Portuguese national football player
• 1993 – Hedvig Rasmussen, Danish rower
• 1993 – Meghan Traino, American pop singer, songwriter, and musician
• 1994 – İlayda Çevik, Turkish actress
• 1995 – Hande Mehan, Turkish musician and songwriter

Deaths

• 69 – Vitellius, Roman Emperor (b. 15)
• 1666 – Guercino, Italian painter (b. 1591)
• 1693 – Elisabeth Hevelius, one of the first female astronomers (b. 1647)
• 1867 – Jean-Victor Poncelet was a French engineer and mathematician (b. 1788)
• 1870 – Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, Spanish post-romantic writer of poetry and short stories (b. 1836)
• 1880 – George Eliot, English writer (b. 1819)
• 1915 – Arthur Hughes, English painter and illustrator (b. 1832)
• 1925 – Amelie Beese, German female aviator (b. 1886)
• 1936 – Nikolai Ostrovsky, Soviet writer (b. 1904)
• 1940 – Nathanael West, American author (b. 1903)
• 1951 – Karl Koller, Chief of Staff of the Luftwaffe Nazi Germany (b. 1898)
• 1959 – Ziya Şakir, Turkish writer (b. 1883)
• 1961 – Mükrimin Halil Yinanç, Turkish historian and academic (b. 1900)
• 1979 – Darryl F. Zanuck, Academy Award-winning American filmmaker (b. 1902)
• 1981 – Hikmet Dizdaroğlu, Turkish writer (b. 1917)
• 1989 – Samuel Beckett, Irish writer (b. 1906)
• 2004 – Nezihe Viranyalı, one of Turkey's first female pilots (b. 1925)
• 2014 – Christine Cavanaugh, American voice actor and actress (b. 1963)
• 2014 – Joe Cocker, English rock and blues artist (b. 1944)
• 2014 – Vera Gebuhr, Danish theater and television actress (b. 1916)
• 2015 – Freda Meissner-Blau, Austrian politician (b. 1927)
• 2017 – Jason Lowndes, Australian cyclist (b. 1994)
• 2017 – Gonzalo Morales Sáurez, Costa Rican painter (b. 1945)
• 2017 – Miruts Yifter, Ethiopian long-distance runner and former athlete (b. 1944)
• 2018 – Paddy Ashdown, British politician and diplomat (b. 1941)
• 2018 – Roberto Suazo Córdova, Honduran politician and former president (b. 1927)
• 2018 – Aa Jimmy is an Indonesian actor and comedian (b. 1983)
• 2018 – Talal bin Abdulaziz al-Saud, Saudi Arabian royal family member (b. 1931)
• 2019 – Thor Bjarne Bore, Norwegian journalist, editor, businessman and politician (b. 1938)
• 2019 – Tony Britton, English actor (b. 1924)
• 2019 – Ram Dass, an American writer (b. 1931)
• 2019 – Fritz Künzli, Swiss national football player (b. 1946)
• 2020 – Wojciech Borowik, Polish politician and activist (b. 1956)
• 2020 – Claude Brasseur, French actor (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Norma Cappagli, Argentine model and beauty queen (b. 1939)
• 2020 – Edmund M. Clarke, American computer scientist (b. 1945)
• 2020 – Rubén Tierrablanca González, Mexican Franciscan bishop serving in Turkey (b. 1952)
• 2020 – Özkan Sümer, Turkish former football player and coach (b. 1940)

Holidays and special occasions

• World Orgasm Day
• Paramedics Day (Turkey)