Today in History: Istanbul Sirkeci Station was opened

November 3 is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 58.

Railways

• 3 November 1918 Lightning Army Group Commander Mustafa Kemal Pasha wrote that the Turkish military unit should be worked on in the tunnels, even if it was occupied by the Entente troops to protect the Toros Tunnels.
• 1890 – Sirkeci Station was opened in Istanbul.

Events 

• 1493 - Christopher Columbus discovered the Caribbean Islands on his second voyage.
• 1507 - Leonardo da Vinci is given the job of painting Lisa Gherardini (Mona Lisa). Lisa del Giocondo's husband told Da Vinci after his wife had 3 teeth extracted and replaced with dentures Mona Lisa he ordered his painting.
• 1793 - French playwright, journalist, and feminist Olympe de Gouges is executed by guillotine.
• 1839 – The Tanzimat era began with the announcement of the Gülhane Line Imperial.
• 1856 - British navy shells Canton, China.
• 1868 - Republican Ulysses S. Grant wins the US Presidential election.
• 1888 - In London, Jack the Ripper kills his last victim. In 2002, crime novelist Patricia Cornwell claimed that Jack the Ripper was German-born British impressionist painter Walter Sickert (1860-1942).
• 1896 - Republican William McKinley wins the US Presidential election.
• 1903 - Panama declared its independence from Colombia.
• 1906 – SOS adopted as distress signal by the International Convention on Radiotelegraphy in Berlin.
• 1908 - Republican William Howard Taft wins the US Presidential election.
• 1911 - Chevrolet officially enters the automobile market.
• 1912 – The first all-metal airplane is flown in France by pilots Ponche and Prinard.
• 1914 – The bra developed by American Caresse Crosby (Mary Phelps Jacob) was patented.
• 1914 – Bombardment of the entrance fortifications of the Bosphorus by two British and two French ships as the first offensive of the Dardanelles Naval Wars.
• 1918 - Poland declared its independence from Russia.
• 1918 – British occupied Mosul.
• 1918 – The Communist Party of Austria is founded.
• 1921 - Milk carriers go on strike in New York, and thousands of liters of milk are spilled on the streets of New York.
• 1926 – Rüştü Pasha, who was found guilty of the planned Izmir assassination against Atatürk, was executed.
• 1930 – The Army takes power in Brazil and appoints Getúlio Vargas as Interim President.
• 1936 – Çubuk Dam was opened in Ankara with the participation of Prime Minister İsmet İnönü. The building, the construction of which began in 1929, is Turkey's first reinforced concrete dam.
• 1936 - Democrat Franklin Delano Roosevelt wins the US Presidential election.
• 1942 – II. World War II: World War II in North Africa. The Battle of El Alamein ended with the German forces under Erwin Rommel withdrawing all night long.
• 1957 - The Soviet Union launched the second artificial satellite Sputnik 2 into orbit. On this satellite was the dog Laika, the first animal to go into space.
• 1959 – David Ben Gurion's Labor Party Wins the elections in Israel.
• 1961 – Burmese diplomat U Thant is elected Secretary-General of the United Nations.
• 1964 – Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson wins the US Presidential election.
• 1971 – Historical Tepebaşı Theater was destroyed by fire.
• 1978 - Dominica gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1981 – Former Republican People's Party Chairman Bülent Ecevit was sentenced to 4 months in prison for making a statement to an international agency.
• 1982 – More than 2000 people died in the Salang tunnel fire in Afghanistan.
• 1983 – The foundation of Atatürk Dam and hydroelectric power plant was laid.
• 1985 – Two French DGSE agents were convicted in New Zealand of sinking the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior (see Rainbow Warrior sinking).
• 1985 – With the merger of the Social Democracy Party (SODEP) and the Populist Party (HP); The Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) was founded.
• 1986 – Zaman newspaper started its publication life.
• 1991 – The first face-to-face meetings between Israeli and Palestinian officials began in Madrid.
• 1992 – In Illinois, Democrat Carol Moseley Braun becomes the first black woman elected to the U.S. Senate.
• 1992 - Democrat Bill Clinton won the US Presidential election.
• 1994 – A cooperation agreement against terrorism was signed between Turkey and Israel.
• 1996 – In the traffic accident that occurred in Susurluk, 3 people died, together with the former Deputy Chief of Police Hüseyin Kocadağ, and Sedat Edip Bucak, DYP Şanlıurfa deputy, was injured.
• 2002 – The Justice and Development Party emerged as the first party in the early general elections.
• 2020 – The United States presidential election was held.

Births 

• 39 – Marcus Annaeus Lucanus, Roman poet (d. 65)
• 1604 – II. Osman (Young Osman), 16th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1622)
• 1618 – Alemgir Shah I, 6th Emperor of the Mughal Empire (d. 1707)
• 1757 – Robert Smith, Secretary of the Navy and Foreign Affairs (d. 1842)
• 1768 – Black George, progenitor of the long-ruling Karađorđević Dynasty of Serbia (d. 1817)
• 1801 – Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer (d. 1835)
• 1809 James Richardson, American explorer (d. 1851)
• 1816 – Calvin Fairbank, US abolitionist and Methodist pastor (d. 1898)
• 1845 – Edward Douglass White was an American politician and lawyer from Louisiana (d. 1921)
• 1852 – Emperor Meiji, Emperor of Japan (1867-1912) (d. 1912)
• 1877 – Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, Chilean soldier and politician (d. 1960)
• 1882 – Yakub Kolas, Belarusian writer (d. 1956)
• 1894 – İsmail Galip Arcan, Turkish playwright, theater and film actor (d. 1974)
• 1894 – Sophoklis Venizelos, Greek politician (d. 1964)
• 1900 – Adolf Dassler, founder of Adidas (d. 1978)
• 1901 – André Malraux, French novelist, art historian, and politician (d. 1976)
• 1901 – III. Léopold, 4th King of Belgium (d. 1983)
• 1908 – Giovanni Leone, Italian politician (d. 2001)
• 1911 – Vahi Öz, Turkish film actor (d. 1969)
• 1912 – Alfredo Stroessner, Paraguayan statesman (d. 2006)
• 1921 – Charles Bronson, American actor (d. 2003)
• 1926 - Valdas Adamkus, former President of Lithuania
• 1927 – Peggy McCay, American actress and Emmy Award winner (d. 2018)
• 1927 – Odvar Nordli, Norwegian politician (d. 2018)
• 1928 – Osamu Tezuka, Japanese manga artist and animator (d. 1989)
• 1931 – Erol Keskin, Turkish theater and film actor
• 1933 – John Barry, English soundtrack composer (d. 2011)
• 1933 – Michael Dukakis, American politician
• 1933 - Amartya Sen, Indian economist and Nobel Prize laureate in Economics
• 1942 – Melih Asik, Turkish journalist and writer
• 1942 – Tadatoshi Akiba, Japanese mathematician and politician
• 1945 – Gerd Müller, German football player
• 1946 – Wataru Takeshita, Japanese politician (d. 2021)
• 1948 – Lulu, Scottish singer, composer, model and television star
• 1949 - Anna Wintour, British-American journalist and editor
• 1952 Roseanne Barr, American actress, comedian, writer, and producer
• 1952 – Cemalnur Sargut, Turkish research writer and publisher
• 1953 Kate Capshaw, American actress
• 1956 – Catharina Brakenhielm, Swedish social democratic woman politician
• 1957 – Dolph Lundgren, Swedish karate, producer, director and actor
• 1962 – Gabe Newell, American businessman and co-founder of Valve Corporation
• 1962 – Atilla Oral, Turkish historian and writer
• 1963 – Davis Guggenheim is an American director and producer.
• 1963 – Ian Wright was an English former international footballer.
• 1969 – Robert Miles, Swiss-Italian composer, record producer, musician, DJ (d. 2017)
• 1971 - Unai Emery, Spanish coach and former football player
• 1971 – Dylan Moran, Irish comedian, writer and filmmaker
• 1971 – Dwight Yorke is a Trinidad and Tobago football player.
• 1973 – Sticky Fingaz, American rapper and actor
• 1973 – Mick Thomson, American musician
• 1974 – Cedric Demangeot, French poet, translator and publisher (d. 2021)
• 1976 - Guillermo Franco, Mexican football player
• 1977 – İrfan Değirmenci, Turkish newscaster
• 1977 – Greg Plitt, American actor, model, and bodybuilder (d. 2015)
• 1978 – Burak Demir, Turkish actor
• 1978 - Tim McIlrath is an American punk rock artist.
• 1979 – Pablo Aimar, Argentine football player
• 1979 – Alp Kırşan, Turkish TV series and film actor
• 1981 – Rodrigo Millar, Chilean born football player
• 1981 – Diego López Rodríguez, Spanish football player
• 1981 – Vicente Matías Vuoso, Mexican football player
• 1982 – Evgeni Plushenko, Russian figure skater
• 1982 – Egemen Korkmaz, Turkish football player
• 1985 – Tyler Hansbrough, American professional basketball player
• 1986 – Heo Young Saeng, South Korean singer
• 1987 – Ty Lawson, American professional basketball player
• 1987 – Gemma Ward, Australian model and actress
• 1988 – Veli Kavlak, Turkish-Austrian football player
• 1989 – Paula DeAnda, American pop/R&B singer and songwriter
• 1995 - Kendall Jenner, American model

Deaths 

• 361 – II. Constantius, Roman Emperor (b. 317)
• 644 – Omar bin Khattab, second of the Four Caliphs (b. 581)
• 1254 – III. John was the Emperor of Nicaea between 1221-1254 (b. 1192)
• 1676 – Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (b. 1635)
• 1766 – Thomas Abbt, German writer (b. 1738)
• 1793 – Olympe de Gouges, French feminist writer (b. 1748)
• 1858 – Harriet Taylor Mill, English philosopher and women's rights activist (b. 1807)
• 1914 – Georg Trakl, Austrian lyric poet (b. 1887)
• 1918 – Aleksandr Lyapunov, Russian mathematician (b. 1857)
• 1919 – Terauchi Masatake, Japanese soldier and statesman (b. 1852)
• 1926 – Annie Oakley, American sniper and demonstrator (b. 1860)
• 1931 – Juan Zorrilla de San Martín, Uruguayan poet, writer, orator (b. 1855)
• 1940 – Manuel Azaña, Spanish politician and statesman (b. 1880)
• 1950 – Kuniaki Koiso, Japanese soldier and politician (b. 1880)
• 1954 – Henri Matisse, French painter (b. 1869)
• 1956 – Jean Metzinger, French painter (b. 1883)
• 1957 – Wilhelm Reich, Austrian-born American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (b. 1897)
• 1957 – Laika, Soviet dog sent into space (first mammal to orbit Earth) (b. 1954)
• 1969 – Zeki Rıza Sporel, Turkish football player (b. 1898)
• 1970 – II. Petar, last King of Yugoslavia (b. 1923)
• 1973 – Marc Allégret, French screenwriter and director (b. 1900)
• 1982 – Edward Halett Carr, English historian and author (b. 1892)
• 1990 – Kenan Erim, Turkish archaeologist (b. 1929)
• 1990 – Nusret Hasan Fişek, Turkish politician and physician (b. 1914)
• 1990 – Mary Martin, American actress and singer (b. 1913)
• 1996 – Abdullah Çatlı, Turkish idealist (b. 1956)
• 1996 – Jean-Bédel Bokassa, President of the Central African Republic (b. 1921)
• 1997 – Ali Esin, Turkish meteorologist and Turkey's first weather commentator and journalist (b. 1926)
• 1998 – Bob Kane, American comics writer and illustrator (b. 1915)
• 1999 – Ian Bannen, Scottish actor (b. 1928)
• 2001 – Ernst Gombrich, Vienna-born art historian, critic, theorist (b. 1909)
• 2003 – Rasul Hamzatov, Russian poet and writer of Avar descent (best known for writing in Avar language) (b. 1923)
• 2004 – Sergejs Žoltoks, Russian-born Latvian professional ice hockey player (b. 1972)
• 2005 – Aenne Burda, German entrepreneur, creator of the fashion and sewing magazine Burda (b. 1909)
• 2009 – Fethi Çelikbaş, Turkish politician (b. 1912)
• 2010 – Viktor Chernomyrdin, Russian politician (b. 1938)
• 2012 – Hüseyin Mükerrem Never, Turkish economics professor and politician (b. 1929)
• 2013 – Gerard Cieślik, Polish national football player (b. 1927)
• 2014 – Meryem Fahreddin, Egyptian actress (b. 1933)
• 2016 – Mete Akyol, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1935)
• 2016 – Kay Starr, American female jazz singer (b. 1922)
• 2016 – Xia Meng is a Hong Kong-born Chinese actress (b. 1933)
• 2017 – Gaetano Bardini, Italian male opera singer (b. 1926)
• 2018 – Mari Hulman George, American business philanthropist (b. 1934)
• 2018 – Maria Guinot, Portuguese singer and songwriter (b. 1945)
• 2018 – Sondra Locke, American actress (b. 1944)
• 2019 – Sorin Frunzăverde, Romanian politician and former minister (b. 1960)
• 2019 – Yvette Lundy, World War II. Holocaust Holocaust survivor and writer who took part in the French Resistance during World War II (b. 1916)
• 2020 – Taymi Chappe, Cuban-born Spanish fencer (b. 1968)
• 2020 – Claude Giraud, French actor (b. 1936)

Holidays and special occasions 

• Organ Donation and Transplant Week (3-9 November)