Today in History: Aziz Nesin Receives International Press Freedom Award

November 9 is the 313th (314th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. 52 days left until the end of the year.

Railways

• On November 9, 1919, the telegraph from the Toros Regional Command to the Adana Regional Command was not arrested for locomotives, and there were engineers who had escaped and arrested for their duty or the supply of an emergency mechanic from Istanbul.

Events 

• 1888 - Jack the Ripper kills his fifth victim, Mary Jane Kelly.
• 1912 – Greece occupied Thessaloniki.
• 1918 – The Weimar Republic is proclaimed in Germany.
• 1921 - Benito Mussolini founded the National Fascist Party in Italy.
• 1924 – A group of deputies, including Refet Pasha (Refet Bele), Rauf Bey (Rauf Orbay) and Adnan Bey (Adnan Adıvar), resigned from the People's Party.
• 1930 – Socialists won the elections in Austria. The Nazis and communists could not enter the Parliament.
• 1936 – Montreux Straits Convention enters into force.
• 1937 - Japan entered Shanghai.
• 1938 – Crystal Night: Mass attacks against Jews begin. In Berlin, 7 Jewish shops were looted, hundreds of synagogues were set on fire, and many Jews were killed.
• 1953 - Cambodia declared its independence from France.
• 1968 – An earthquake with a magnitude of 5,4 occurred in Illinois, USA.
• 1977 – Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel responded to the criticism. “We found 70 million dollars for our pilgrims when we needed 70 cents” dedicate.
• 1982 – The 91,37 Constitution, which was accepted with a 1982% “YES” vote two days ago, entered into force. Kenan Evren took office as the 7th President of Turkey.
• 1985 – President Kenan Evren's reaction to Necmettin Erbakan: “Tomorrow is also the anniversary of Atatürk's death. Will Erbakan be in Ankara on such a day? Its capital is Konya. Of course he will go there.”
• 1985 – Gary Kasparov defeated Anatoly Karpov in chess; He became the world chess champion.
• 1988 – Galatasaray Football Team reached the quarter-finals of the Champion Clubs Cup; Galatasaray defeated Neuchatel Xamax 5-0 in Istanbul.
• 1988 – Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) Deputy Fikri Sağlar announced that 1980 people died from torture between 1988-149.
• 1989 – Kenan Evren's presidency ended, Turgut Özal was elected President.
• 1989 – After the East German Government frees travel between the two Germanys, thousands of people begin to cross the Berlin Wall to the West. The Cold War era came to an end with the fall of the Wall, which was built on August 13, 1961.
• 1990 - Mary Robinson becomes Ireland's first female President.
• 1993 – Croatian artillery batteries destroy the Ottoman Mostar Bridge in Mostar, Bosnia. The bridge was built in the 16th century.
• 1994 – Water was given to the Urfa tunnel with a ceremony. The tunnel will bring the water of the Euphrates to Harran.
• 1994 - Aziz Nesin received the "International Press Freedom Award". The Committee to Protect Journalists, headquartered in New York, presented the award.
• 1995 – The European Parliament awarded the imprisoned DEP deputy Leyla Zana the Sakharov Freedom of Expression Award.
• 2005 – Events broke out after a bomb exploded in Şemdinli.
• 2011 – An earthquake with a magnitude of 5.6 occurred in Van.

Births 

• 1389 - Isabella, II. Queen of England as Richard's second wife (d. 1409)
• 1606 Hermann Conring, German intellectual (d. 1681)
• 1683 – II. George, 1727-1760 king of Great Britain and elector of Hanover (d. 1760)
• 1818 – Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev, Russian novelist and playwright (d. 1883)
• 1819 – Annibale de Gasparis, Italian astronomer (d. 1892)
• 1841 – VII. Edward, King of Great Britain (d. 1910)
• 1868 – Marie Dressler, Academy Award-winning Canadian film and stage actress (d. 1934)
• 1877 – Mohammed Iqbal, Pakistani poet (d. 1938)
• 1877 – Enrico De Nicola, 1st President of the Italian Republic. (d. 1959)
• 1883 – Edna May Oliver, American stage and screen actress (d. 1942)
• 1885 – Theodor Kaluza, German mathematician and physicist (d. 1954)
• 1885 – Hermann Weyl, German mathematician (d. 1955)
• 1891 – Louisa E. Rhine was an American botanist known for her work in parapsychology (d. 1983)
• 1894 - Dietrich von Choltitz, II. German general during World War II (d. 1966)
• 1894 – Varvara Stepanova, Russian painter and illustrator (d. 1958)
• 1897 – Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, English chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (d. 1978)
• 1904 – Viktor Brack, Nazi war criminal, Euthanasia Program, involved in Operation T4 (d. 1948)
• 1914 – Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress and inventor (d. 2000)
• 1918 – Spiro Agnew, American politician and 39th Vice President of the United States (was Richard Nixon's vice president) (d. 1996)
• 1918 – Thomas Ferebee, American pilot (pilot of the Enola Gay plane that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima) (d. 2000)
• 1919 – Eva Todor, Brazilian actress (d. 2017)
• 1921 Viktor Chukarin, Soviet gymnast (d. 1984)
• 1922 – Dorothy Dandridge, American actress and singer (d. 1965)
• 1922 – Imre Lakatos, Hungarian philosopher (d. 1974)
• 1923 – Elizabeth Hawley, American journalist and travel writer (d. 2018)
• 1925 – Alistair Horne, English journalist, biographer, and historian who mainly focused on the history of 19th and 20th century France (d. 2017)
• 1926 – Vicente Aranda, Spanish film director, producer and screenwriter (d. 2015)
• 1928 – Anne Sexton, American poet and author (d. 1974)
• 1929 – Imre Kertész, Hungarian writer and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2016)
• 1933 – Hamdi Ahmed, Egyptian actor, journalist, and politician (d. 2016)
• 1934 – Ingvar Carlsson, Swedish politician who served as Prime Minister of Sweden twice
• 1934 – Ronald Harwood, South African-born English writer and screenwriter (d. 2020)
• 1934 – Carl Sagan, American astronomer (d. 1996)
• 1936 – Mikhail Tal, Soviet world chess champion (d. 1992)
• 1936 – Mary Travers, American musician and singer (d. 2009)
• 1944 – Phil May, English singer, songwriter, and musician (d. 2020)
• 1945 – Charlie Robinson, American actor and director (d. 2021)
• 1946 – Marina Warner, English novelist, short story writer, historian, and mythographer
• 1948 – Bille August, a Danish screenwriter and filmmaker
• 1948 – Luiz Felipe Scolari, Brazilian football coach
• 1950 – Parekura Horomia, New Zealand politician (d. 2013)
• 1951 – Lou Ferrigno, American actor and bodybuilder
• 1952 – Nejat Alp, Turkish musician
• 1955 – Fernando Meirelles, Academy Award-nominated film director
• 1960 – Andreas Brehme, German former international football player and manager
• 1961 – Jill Dando, English television presenter and journalist (d. 1999)
• 1964 – Sonja Kirchberger, Austrian actress
• 1967 – Daphne Guinness, British and Irish artist
• 1968 – Erol Sander, Turkish-German actor
• 1969 – Roxanne Shante, American hip hop musician and rapper
• 1970 – Chris Jericho, American wrestler
• 1970 – Scarface, American hip hop artist
• 1971 – Sabri Lamouchi, French national football player and manager
• 1972 – Eric Dane, American actor
• 1973 Gabrielle Miller, Canadian actress
• 1974 – Alessandro Del Piero, Italian football player
• 1974 – Giovanna Mezzogiorno, Italian actress
• 1978 – Birol Namoğlu, Turkish musician and vocalist of Gripin
• 1979 – Caroline Flack, English actress, television and radio presenter (d. 2020)
• 1980 – Vanessa Minnillo, American television personality
• 1981 – Gökçe Bahadır, Turkish actress
• 1981 – Jobi McAnuff, Jamaican national football player
• 1982 – Boaz Myhill, USA, born Welsh football player
• 1983 – Maite Perroni, Mexican actress, singer and songwriter
• 1984 - Delta Goodrem is an ARIA Award-winning Australian pop singer, actress and pianist.
• 1984 - Seven is a South Korean singer.
• 1987 – Şanışer, Turkish music artist
• 1988, Dakoda Brookes, American porn actress
• 1988 - Analeigh Tipton, American figure skater, actress, and model
• 1989 – Baptiste Giabiconi, French singer and model
• 1990 – Nosa Igiebor is a Nigerian football player.
• 1993 – Halil Akbunar, Turkish football player
• 1993 Peter Dunne, English professional wrestler
• 1996 – Momo, Japanese singer, rapper, and dancer

Deaths 

• 959 – VII. Constantine, fourth emperor of the Macedonian Dynasty (b. 905)
• 1187 – Gaozong, 10th emperor of China's Song Dynasty (b. 1107)
• 1492 – Mullah Jami, Iranian Islamic scholar and poet (b. 1414)
• 1778 – Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian archaeologist, architect, and copper engraver (b. 1720)
• 1801 – Carl Stamitz, German composer (b. 1745)
• 1856 – Étienne Cabet, French philosopher, utopian socialist, and theorist (b. 1788)
• 1911 – Howard Pyle, American author and illustrator (b. 1853)
• 1918 – Guillaume Apollinaire, French poet (b. 1880)
• 1923 – Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter, German political activist (b. 1884)
• 1932 – Nadezhda Alliluyeva, second wife of USSR leader Josef Stalin (b. 1901)
• 1937 – Ramsay MacDonald, British politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1866)
• 1938 – Vasily Blyuher, Marshal of the Soviet Union (b. 1889)
• 1939 – I'm Ali Cemal, Turkish soldier and painter (b. 1881)
• 1940 – Neville Chamberlain, British politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1869)
• 1942 – Edna May Oliver, American stage and screen actress (b. 1883)
• 1952 – Chaim Weizmann, first President of Israel (b. 1874)
• 1953 – Dylan Marlais Thomas, English poet (b. 1914)
• 1953 – Ibn Saud, founder and first king of Saudi Arabia (b. 1875)
• 1961 – Ferdinand Bie, Norwegian athlete (b. 1888)
• 1970 – Charles de Gaulle, French soldier, politician, and President (b. 1890)
• 1972 – Namık Zeki Aral, Turkish financer (Rahşan Ecevit's father) (b. 1888)
• 1983 – Rüştü Erdelhun, Turkish soldier and 10th Chief of General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces (b. 1894)
• 1990 – Kerim Korcan, Turkish writer (b. 1918)
• 1991 – Yves Montand, Italian-French actor and singer (b. 1921)
• 1995 – Yılmaz Zafer, Turkish film actor (b. 1956)
• 1997 – Helenio Herrera, Argentinean-French football player and manager (b. 1910)
• 1997 – Carl Gustav Hempel, German philosopher (b. 1905)
• 2001 – Giovanni Leone, Italian politician (b. 1908)
• 2003 – Art Carney, American actor (b. 1918)
• 2004 – Emlyn Hughes, English international football player (b. 1947)
• 2004 – Stieg Larsson, Swedish writer and journalist (b. 1954)
• 2006 – Ed Bradley, American journalist (b. 1941)
• 2006 – Markus Wolf, East German spy and head of the Stasi (b. 1923)
• 2008 – Miriam Makeba, South African singer, civil rights activist (b. 1932)
• 2010 – Enver Demirbağ, Turkish folk music artist (b. 1935)
• 2012 – Milan Čič, Slovak politician (b. 1932)
• 2013 – Savaş Ay, Turkish journalist and reporter (b. 1954)
• 2015 – Ernst Fuchs, Austrian painter, printmaker, sculptor, architect, stage designer, composer, poet, singer (b. 1930)
• 2016 – Greg Ballard, American former NBA player (b. 1955)
• 2017 – Mehmet Baturalp, Turkish former national basketball player and coach (b. 1936)
• 2017 – Shyla Stylez, Canadian porn star (b. 1982)
• 2017 – Chuck Mosley, American singer (b. 1959)
• 2018 – Albert Bitran, French painter and sculptor (b. 1931)
• 2019 – Džemma Lija Skulme, Latvian artist and modernist painter (b. 1925)
• 2020 – Virginia Bonci, Romanian athlete (b. 1949)
• 2020 – Tom Heinsohn, professional basketball player (b. 1934)
• 2020 – Israel Horovitz, American writer (b. 1939)
• 2020 – Marco Santagata, Italian academic, writer and literary critic (b. 1947)
• 2020 – Amadou Toumani Touré, former president of Mali (b. 1948)