Today in History: Prime Minister Şükrü Saracoğlu Laid the Foundation of Anıtkabir

October 9 is the 282th (283th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 83.

Railways

• 9 October The concession of the 1890 Thessaloniki-Monastery Line was given to M. Alfred Kaulla, acting on behalf of a German group affiliated with Deutsch Bank. It was given to Feriz the American before.
• 9 October 1918 Toros and Amanos tunnels were completed. Its construction began at 1914.
• 9 October 1940 Tender for construction of Elazığ-Palu line 5 to TL million Haymil İnş. Ltd. SRK. He was given.

Events 

• 1238 – Jaime I takes Valencia and establishes the Kingdom of Valencia.
• 1264 – The Kingdom of Castile takes Jerez de la Frontera, which has been under Andalusian Muslim rule since 711.
• 1446 – Hangul script is published in Korea.
• 1514 - King of France XII. Louis and Mary Tudor got married.
• 1558 – In Venezuela, the city of Mérida is founded.
• 1829 – Friedrich Parrot and his team succeeded in climbing the summit of Mount Ararat for the first time.
• 1854 – The siege of Sevastopol begins in the Crimean War.
• 1888 - The Washington Monument is officially opened.
• 1914 – World War I: Antwerp (Belgium) is captured by German forces.
• 1914 – Ziya Gökalp founded the Department of Sociology at the Istanbul Darülfünun.
• 1936 – Electricity begins to be supplied to Los Angeles (California), 266 miles from the Hoover dam.
• 1937 – Nazilli Basma Factory was opened with a ceremony attended by Atatürk.
• 1944 – Prime Minister Şükrü Saracoğlu laid the foundation of Anıtkabir.
• 1944 – The United Kingdom, China, the United States, and the Soviet Union announce the creation of the United Nations.
• 1953 – American female swimmer Florence Chadwick swam between Nara Cape of the Dardanelles and Eceabat in 1 hour and 50 minutes.
• 1957 – Tibet annexed to China.
• 1962 - Uganda declared independence from Great Britain.
• 1963 – In north-eastern Italy, a flood caused by the collapse of a dam kills more than 2000 people.
• 1967 – Revolutionary leader Che Guevara is executed in Bolivia, one day after his capture.
• 1970 – The Khmer Republic is proclaimed after the right-wing coup in Cambodia.
• 1971 – Deniz Gezmiş and 17 of his friends were sentenced to death.
• 1972 – Ankara University Faculty of Law assistant Uğur Mumcu was released from prison.
• 1981 – The death penalty is abolished in France.
• 1988 – TR Ministry of Culture declared 36 artists as “State Artists”. Yaşar Kemal, Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca, Hüseyin Gezer, Füreya Koral, Zühtü Müritoğlu and Lütfi Ömer Akad rejected this title.
• 1997 - Italian playwright Dario Fo receives the Nobel Prize for Literature.
• 1997 – Kayseri Mayor Şükrü Karatepe was sentenced to 1 year in prison.
• 2004 – The first democratic elections were held in Afghanistan.
• 2005 – In the UK Railways, the use of tobacco products is completely banned.
• 2005 - China officially declared that the height of Mount Everest is 8.848,43 m.
• 2006 – Google, YouTubeannounced that it bought the company for $1.65 billion.
• 2006 – South Korean Foreign Minister Ban Ki-mun was elected as the United Nations Secretary-General to take office as of January 1, 2007, replacing the Ghanaian Kofi Annan.
• 2006 - North Korea announces that it is conducting a nuclear test.
• 2007 - Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Albert Fert (French) and Peter Grünberg (German) for their work on the "Giant Magnetic Resistor" (GMR).
• 2008 – French Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio won the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Births 

• 1201 – Robert de Sorbon, French theologian (d. 1274)
• 1261 – Diniz I, 6th King of the Kingdom of Portugal (d. 1325)
• 1623 – Ferdinand Verbiest, Flemish Jesuit missionary and priest (d. 1688)
• 1757 – Charles X, King of France (d. 1836)
• 1835 – Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (d. 1921)
• 1852 – Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist (d. 1919)
• 1859 Alfred Dreyfus, French officer (d. 1935)
• 1862 – Fatma Aliye Topuz, Turkish writer (first female novelist of Turkish literature) (d. 1936)
• 1866 – Emine Nazikeda, VI. Mehmed's wife (d. 1941)
• 1866 – Philippe Berthelot, French diplomat (d. 1934)
• 1873 – Karl Schwarzschild, German physicist (d. 1916)
• 1879 – Max von Laue, German physicist (d. 1960)
• 1888 – Nikolai Bukharin, Russian politician (d. 1938)
• 1892 – Ivo Andric, Yugoslav writer (d. 1975)
• 1906 – Sayyid Qutb, Egyptian writer and philosopher (d. 1966)
• 1906 – Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegalese poet and politician (d. 2001)
• 1907 – Jacques Tati, French director and actor (d. 1982)
• 1907 – Horst Wessel, German Nazi activist, member of the NSDAP and SA (d. 1930)
• 1908 – Werner von Haeften, German lawyer, bank clerk, and military officer of Nazi Germany (d. 1944)
• 1918 – Lila Kedrova, Russian-French actress (d. 2000)
• 1921 – Michel Boisrond, French director and writer (d. 2002)
• 1922 – Fyvush Finkel, American actor, singer, and comedian (d. 2016)
• 1925 – Joan Benson, American musician and educator (d. 2020)
• 1930 – Rahmi Koç, Turkish businessman
• 1931 – Anthony Booth, English actor (d. 2017)
• 1933 – Peter Mansfield, British scientist who won the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Paul Lauterbur (d. 2017)
• 1934 – Jill Ker Conway, Australian-American autobiographer (d. 2018)
• 1935 - Edward is a member of the British royal family
• 1937 - Brian Blessed, English actor, adventurer
• 1938 – Heinz Fischer, Austrian politician
• 1939 – John Pilger, Australian-British journalist
• 1940 – John Lennon, English musician, writer and activist (d. 1980)
• 1942 – Michael Palmer, American physician and author (d. 2013)
• 1947 – France Gall, French singer (d. 2018)
• 1950 – Jody Williams, American educator
• 1953 – Tony Shalhoub, American film and television actor
• 1954 – John O'Hurley is an English-born American actor.
• 1954 – Dennis Stratton, English musician
• 1957 – Ini Kamoze is a Jamaican reggae musician.
• 1958 – Al Jourgensen is a Cuban-American musician.
• 1958 – Kürşad Tuzmen, Turkish bureaucrat and politician
• 1959 – Boris Nemtsov, Russian opposition leader and politician (d. 2015)
• 1962 – Jorge Burruchaga, Argentine football player
• 1964 – Guillermo del Toro, Mexican director
• 1966 – David Cameron, British politician and Prime Minister
• 1967 – Eddie Guerrero, American wrestler (d. 2005)
• 1967 – Gheorghe Popescu, Romanian former football player
• 1968 – Murat Gogebakan, Turkish Anatolian rock musician (d. 2014)
• 1969 – PJ Harvey is an English musician, songwriter and vocalist.
• 1975 – Sean Lennon, American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1975 – Mark Viduka, Croatian-Australian former football player
• 1976 – Özlem Piltanoğlu, Turkish bureaucrat and politician
• 1977 – Emanuele Belardi, Italian former goalkeeper
• 1978 – Nicky Byrne, Irish singer-songwriter, radio and TV presenter, dancer, and former football player
• 1979 – Brandon Routh, American actor
• 1979 Chris O'Dowd, Irish actor
• 1979 - Gonzalo Sorondo, Uruguayan international football player
• 1981 – Gaël Givet, French football player
• 1985 – Merve Akaydın, Turkish TV series and movie actress.^[1]
• 1987 – Barış Arduç, Turkish actor
• 1987 – Derya Çayırgan, Turkish volleyball player
• 1990 – Kevin Kampl is a German-born Slovenian football player.
• 1996 - Bella Hadid is a Palestinian-American model.

Deaths 

• 892 – Tirmidhi, 9th century Persian hadith scholar (b. 824)
• 1253 – Robert Grosseteste, English statesman, theologian, philosopher, archbishop of Lincoln (b. 1175)
• 1831 – Yannis Kapodistrias, Greek statesman, diplomat, and politician (first Governor of the First Greek Republic) (b. 1776)
• 1849 – William Townsend Aiton, English botanist (b. 1766)
• 1876 ​​– Mustafa Celaleddin Pasha, Polish-born Ottoman Pasha (b. 1826)
• 1897 – Jan Heemskerk, Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1874-1877 (b. 1818)
• 1911 – Jack Daniel, American businessman (b. 1849)
• 1934 – Alexander I, King of Yugoslavia (assassinated) (b. 1888)
• 1934 – Louis Barthou, French politician (assassinated) (b. 1862)
• 1941 – Helen Morgan, American singer and actress (b. 1900)
• 1943 – Pieter Zeeman, Dutch physicist (b. 1865)
• 1958 – XII. Pius, Italian Pope (260th Pope of the Catholic Church) (b. 1876)
• 1959 – Shirō Ishii, Japanese microbiologist (b. 1892)
• 1967 – André Maurois, French writer (b. 1885)
• 1967 – Che Guevara, Argentine revolutionary (b. 1928)
• 1967 – Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, English chemist (b. 1897)
• 1972 – Miriam Hopkins, American actress (b. 1902)
• 1974 – Oskar Schindler, German businessman (b. 1908)
• 1976 – Walter Warlimont, German officer best known for his role as OKW deputy head of interior (b. 1894)
• 1978 – Jacques Brel, Belgian songwriter, singer and musician (b. 1929)
• 1982 – Anna Freud, Austrian psychoanalyst (b. 1895)
• 1987 – William P. Murphy, American medical doctor (b. 1892)
• 1989 – Ercüment Karacan, Turkish journalist and Milliyet newspaper's former owner (b. 1921)
• 1989 – Yusuf Atılgan, Turkish novelist and short story writer (b. 1921)
• 1995 – Alec Douglas-Home, British politician (b. 1903)
• 2000 – David Dukes, American actor (b. 1945)
• 2001 – Herbert Ross, American film director and producer (b. 1927)
• 2002 – Aileen Wuornos, American female serial killer (b. 1956)
• 2006 – Paul Hunter, English professional snooker player (b. 1978)
• 2008 – Gidget Gein, American musician (b. 1969)
• 2010 – Maurice Allais, French scientist (b. 1911)
• 2010 – Zecharia Sitchin, Azeri-American scientist, sumerologist (b. 1920)
• 2012 – Paddy Roy Bates, British pirate radio broadcaster (b. 1921)
• 2012 – Sammi Kane Kraft, American record-breaking baseball player and film actor (b. 1992)
• 2013 – Stanley Kauffmann, American film critic, writer, and editor (b. 1916)
• 2013 – Wilfried Martens was a Flemish Belgian politician (b. 1936)
• 2013 – Chopper Read, Australian criminal and author (b. 1954)
• 2013 – Nurettin Uzunoğlu, Turkish writer and academic (b. 1939)
• 2014 – Jan Hooks, American actor and comedian (b. 1957)
• 2014 – Ana Karić, Croatian actress (b. 1941)
• 2014 – Carolyn Kizer, American feminist poet (b. 1925)
• 2015 – Geoffrey Howe, British politician, minister (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Dave Meyers, American basketball player (b. 1953)
• 2016 – René Avilés Fabila, Mexican writer (b. 1940)
• 2016 – Aaron Pryor, former American boxer (b. 1955)
• 2016 – Bilge Tarhan, Turkish football player and manager (b. 1941)
• 2016 – Andrzej Wajda, Polish film director (b. 1926)
• 2017 – Manuel Busto, French cyclist (b. 1932)
• 2017 – Armando Calderón Sol, president of El Salvador from June 1, 1994 to June 1, 1999 (b. 1948)
• 2017 – Allan Chumak, Russian alternative medicine specialist (b. 1935)
• 2017 – Michel Diefenbacher, French politician (b. 1947)
• 2017 – Hessie is a French textile artist (b. 1936)
• 2017 – Jean Rochefort, French actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1930)
• 2017 – József Tóth, Former Hungarian international football player and manager (b. 1929)
• 2018 – Thomas A. Steitz, American biochemist and molecular biophysicist (b. 1940)
• 2018 – Venantino Venantini, Italian actor (b. 1930)
• 2018 – Carolyn Warner, American Democratic Party female politician (b. 1930)
• 2019 – Richard Askey, American mathematician and author (b. 1933)
• 2019 – Andrés Gimeno, Spanish tennis player (b. 1937)
• 2020 – Pierre Kezdy, American musician (b.1962)

Holidays and special occasions 

• World Post Day
• Storm: Leaffall Storm