Today in History: The Last Occupation Troops Leave Istanbul

October 4 is the 277th (278th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 88.

Railways

• 4 October 1860 Constanta-Cernova (Boğazköy) line opened for operation. The navigation began. (64,4 km.)
• 4 October 1872 Haydarpasa-Tuzla line, which is the first part of Haydarpasa-Izmit railway, was completed in 14 month and commenced service with a ceremony.
• October 4, 1888 Deutsche Bank, chaired by Georgevon Siemens, received the privilege to extend and operate the Haydarpaşa-Izmit Line to Ankara. The concession right was 99 years and the construction period was 3 years. Deutsche Bank bought the Haydarpaşa-Izmit line to 6 million francs. The concession agreement was signed between the Minister of Nafia Zihni Pasha and Dr. Alfred Kuala, one of the executives of Stutgard-vurtembergissche Vereinsbank. The concession's edict was September 30, 1888.
• October 4, 1971 Pehlivanköy-Edirne-Kapıkule line opened and Istanbul-Edirne line 229 km. direct connection with Bulgaria was provided. The construction of this line started in 1968.
• 4 October 2005 The Council of State stopped the execution of the decision of the High Planning Council, which amended the TCDD Property Regulation and the TCDD's Master Status.
• 1883 – Orient Express, connecting Istanbul to Paris, made its maiden voyage.

Events 

• 23 – Emperor Wang Mang was lynched in the peasant revolt in Xi'an, the capital of China.
• 1227 - Andalusian ruler Abdullah al-Adil was assassinated.
• 1535 – The first complete English translation of the Bible is published in Antwerp.
• 1582 - Pope XIII. Gregorius adopted the Gregorian calendar. Since 10 days were added to the old Julian calendar, the next day was accepted as October 15, 1582.
• 1675 - Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens patented the pocket watch.
• 1824 – After independence in 1821, the first constitution was proclaimed in Mexico.
• 1830 – The Kingdom of Belgium secedes from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
• 1853 – The Crimean War started when the Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia.
• 1895 - The first US Open Golf Tournament was held in Newport, Rhode Island.
• 1904 – A telegraph agreement was signed between Germany and the Ottoman Empire.
• 1905 - Orville Wright became the first man to fly in an airplane, staying in the air for 33 minutes.
• 1911 – The first public elevator opens in London's Earl's Court tube station.
• 1914 – 300 people lost their lives in the big earthquake that affected Afyon and Burdur.
• 1922 – The first association with the aim of protecting animals in Turkey was established under the name of Himaye-i Animal Society.
• 1923 – The last occupation troops left Istanbul.
• 1923 – Turkish Orthodox Patriarch Papa Eftim issued a statement in favor of the Kuva-yi Milliye.
• 1926 – Turkish Civil Code came into effect.
• 1927 – Giant portraits of four U.S. presidents begin to be carved on Mount Rushmore in the U.S. state of South Dakota.
• 1931 - Created by Chester Gould Dick Tracy The comedy movie premiered.
• 1940 - Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet at the Brenner Pass in Northern Italy.
• 1952 – II. Eisenhower, Allied Commander-in-Chief of World War II, became the first Republican candidate to win the U.S. Presidency in a 20-year hiatus.
• 1957 - The space race with the USA began with the Soviet Union's launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik.
• 1958 - The Fifth Republic was proclaimed in France.
• 1958 – The first transatlantic jet service begins flights between London and New York.
• 1959 – The World Freestyle Wrestling Championship was held in Tehran. Turkey won medals in 57 and 62 kilos and became the second in the world as a team.
• 1964 – The first 'Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival', organized by Antalya Municipality, started.
• 1965 – Cuban leader Fidel Castro announces that Che Guevara has left Cuba to fight against imperialism.
• 1966 – Basutoland, a British colony in southern Africa, declared its independence and established the Kingdom of Lesotho.
• 1974 – The centre-right New Democracy Party was founded in Greece, following the end of the Colonels' Junta.
• 1978 – The Turkish government under Ecevit's prime minister decided to open 4 new American bases (Sinop, Pirinçlik, Belbaşı and Kargaburun).
• 1984 – The flag of Egypt, still in use, is adopted.
• 1985 – The Free Software Foundation is established in the USA to support the GNU project.
• 1992 – Channel 6 started broadcasting.
• 1993 – In Russia, army units loyal to Boris Yeltsin storm the parliament building, where the communists resisted the decision to close it.
• 2001 – The North Atlantic Council decides that NATO should launch an operation after the September 11 attacks.
• 2002 – Nuri Bilge Ceylan won the Best Film award at the 39th Golden Orange Film Festival. Uzak got the movie.
• 2012 – Turkey's Syria bill was accepted with 320 votes in favor and 120 against.

Births 

• 1289 – Louis X, king of France (d. 1316)
• 1542 – Roberto Bellarmino, Italian theologian, Cardinal, Jesuit priest, and advocate (Apolojet) (d. 1621)
• 1550 – IX. Karl, king of Sweden from 1604 until his death (d. 1611)
• 1585 – Anna, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1618)
• 1626 – Richard Cromwell, son of Oliver Cromwell (d. 1712)
• 1720 – Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian archaeologist, architect, and copper engraver (d. 1778)
• 1814 – Jean-François Millet, French painter (d. 1875)
• 1816 – Eugène Pottier, French revolutionary, socialist, and poet (d. 1887)
• 1819 – Francesco Crispi, Italian statesman (d. 1901)
• 1822 – Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States (d. 1893)
• 1835 – Grigoriy Potanin, Russian ethnographer and natural historian (d. 1920)
• 1841 – Prudente de Morais, Brazilian politician (d. 1902)
• 1858 – Léon Serpollet, French industrialist (d. 1907)
• 1861 – Frederic Remington, American painter, illustrator, sculptor, and author (d. 1909)
• 1868 – Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, Argentine lawyer and politician (d. 1942)
• 1872 – Roger Keyes, British soldier and politician (d. 1945)
• 1873 – Gheorghe Țițeica, Romanian mathematician (d. 1939)
• 1876 ​​– Florence Eliza Allen, American mathematician and suffrage activist (d. 1960)
• 1881 – Otto Wille Kuusinen, Finnish-Soviet politician, historian and poet (d. 1964)
• 1881 – Walther von Brauchitsch, artillery officer of the German Empire and marshal of Nazi Germany (d. 1948)
• 1886 – Erich Fellgiebel, German general (who took part in the July 20 assassination attempt against Hitler) (d. 1944)
• 1890 – Osman Cemal Kaygılı, Turkish writer (d. 1945)
• 1892 – Engelbert Dollfuss, Austrian politician and Chancellor (d. 1934)
• 1895 – Buster Keaton, American actor (d. 1966)
• 1895 – Richard Sorge, Soviet spy (d. 1944)
• 1903 – Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Professor Doctor, General, and Nazi Party leader in Nazi Germany (d. 1946)
• 1910 – Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı, Turkish poet and writer (d. 1956)
• 1913 – Martial Célestin, Haitian lawyer and politician (d. 2011)
• 1914 – Brendan Gill, American journalist (d. 1997)
• 1916 – Vitali Ginzburg, Russian Theoretical physicist and Astrophysicist (d. 2009)
• 1916 – George Sydney, American film director (d. 2002)
• 1917 – Violeta Parra, Chilean folk singer (d. 1967)
• 1918 – Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist (d. 1998)
• 1921 – Alexander Kemurjian, Soviet scientist (d. 2003)
• 1923 – Charlton Heston, American film and stage actor and Academy Award winner (d. 2008)
• 1928 – Alvin Toffler, American author and futurist (d. 2016)
• 1930 – Andrej Marinc, Slovenian communist politician, Marxist-Leninist activist, and Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia
• 1935 – İlhan Cavcav, Turkish businessman and President of Gençlerbirliği Sports Club (d. 2017)
• 1936 – Ioanna Kuçuradi, Turkish philosopher
• 1937 – Jackie Collins, English novelist (b. 1937)
• 1938 – Kurt Wüthrich, Swiss chemist and biophysicist
• 1939 – Ivan Mauger, New Zealand motorcycle racer (d. 2018)
• 1940 – Silvio Marzolini, Argentine football player and manager (d. 2020)
• 1941 – Anne Rice, American writer
• 1942 – Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, Icelandic politician and former prime minister of Iceland
• 1942 – Christopher Stone, American actor (d. 1995)
• 1946 – Chuck Hagel, American politician, former senator, and 24th United States Secretary of Defense
• 1946 - Michael Mullen, American admiral
• 1946 – Susan Sarandon, American actress
• 1948 – Linda McMahon, American former WWE CEO and former US Senate candidate
• 1949 – Armand Assante is an American actor.
• 1953 – Andreas Vollenweider, Swiss musician
• 1955 – Jorge Valdano, Argentine retired football player, manager
• 1956 – Christoph Waltz, Austrian actor
• 1957 – Bill Fagerbakke, American actor and voice actor
• 1959 – Chris Lowe, English musician
• 1959 – Zafer Peker, Turkish Pop music artist, composer and lyricist
• 1962 – Carlos Carsolio, Mexican mountaineer
• 1963 – Ferhat Oktay, Turkish basketball player
• 1967 – Liev Schreiber is an American actor, producer, director, and screenwriter.
• 1969 – Ikbal Gurpinar, Turkish TV presenter
• 1970 – Olga Kuzenkova, Russian hammer
• 1970 – Zdravko Zdravkov, Bulgarian football player
• 1971 – Duygu Akşit Oal, Turkish national tennis player
• 1974 – Kubat, Turkish folk singer
• 1975 – Cristiano Lucarelli, Italian manager and former international football player
• 1976 – Mauro Camoranesi, Argentinean-Italian football player
• 1976 – Alicia Silverstone, American actress, actress, and model
• 1976 – Jess Molho, Turkish actress and presenter
• 1979 - Rachael Leigh Cook, American actress
• 1980 – James Jones, American professional basketball player
• 1980 – Tomáš Rosicky, Czech former football player
• 1983 – Leandro Chaves, Brazilian football player
• 1983 – Vicky Krieps is an actress from Luxembourg.
• 1983 – Marios Nicolaou, Cypriot national football player
• 1984 – Lena Katina, Russian singer
• 1988 - Melissa Benoist is an American actress and singer.
• 1988 – Caner Erkin, Turkish national football player
• 1988 - Derrick Rose, American basketball player
• 1989 – Dakota Johnson, American model and actress
• 1990 – Sergey Branch, Russian athlete
• 1994 – Melis Tuzunguc, Turkish actress
• 1995 – Mikolas Josef, Czech singer-songwriter and model

Deaths 

• 23 – Wang Mang, Han Dynasty official (b. 45 BC) who took the throne in a coup against the Han Dynasty of China and founded the Xin Dynasty
• 744 - III. Yazid, the eleventh Umayyad caliph (b. 691)
• 1189 – Gérard de Ridefort was Grand Master of the Knights Templar from 1184 until his death in 1189 (b. ?)
• 1305 – Kameyama, 90th emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 1249)
• 1582 – Teresa of Avila, Spanish Catholic nun and mystic (b. 1515)
• 1669 – Rembrandt, Dutch painter (b. 1606)
• 1747 – Amaro Pargo, Spanish pirate (b. 1678)
• 1818 – Josef Abel, Austrian painter (b. 1764)
• 1827 – Grigorios Zalikis, Greek academic, writer, and diplomat (b. 1785)
• 1851 – Manuel Godoy, prime minister of Spain from 1792 – 1797 and 1801 – 1808 (b. 1767)
• 1859 – Karl Baedeker, German publisher and company owner (b. 1801)
• 1863 – Gerrit Schimmelpenninck, Dutch businessman and statesman (b. 1794)
• 1904 – Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, French sculptor (b. 1834)
• 1915 – Karl Staaff, Swedish liberal politician and lawyer (b. 1860)
• 1947 – Max Planck, German physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1858)
• 1948 – Gladys Gale, American singer and actress (b. 1891)
• 1955 – Alexandros Papagos, Greek soldier and politician (b. 1883)
• 1964 – Ahmet Tarık Tekçe, Turkish film actor (b. 1920)
• 1970 – Janis Joplin, American singer (b. 1943)
• 1974 – Anne Sexton, American poet and author (b. 1928)
• 1978 – Sezgin Burak, Turkish cartoonist and comics artist (b. 1935)
• 1980 – Pyotr Masherov, Soviet Belarusian communist leader (b. 1918)
• 1982 – Glenn Gould, Canadian pianist (b. 1932)
• 1982 – Stefanos Stefanopoulos, Greek politician (b. 1898)
• 1984 – Muazzez Tahsin Berkand, Turkish writer (b. 1900)
• 1989 – Graham Chapman, English actor and writer (b. 1941)
• 1990 – Agop Arad, Armenian-Turkish painter and journalist (b. 1913)
• 1996 – Silvio Piola, Italian football player (b. 1913)
• 1997 – Otto Ernst Remer, officer and major general of Nazi Germany (b. 1912)
• 1999 – Bernard Buffet, French expressionist painter (b. 1928)
• 2000 – Bernard Buffet, French painter (b. 1928)
• 2000 – Michael Smith, Canadian biochemist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1932)
• 2009 – Günther Rall, II. Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe fighter fighter pilot in World War II (b. 1918)
• 2009 – Mercedes Sosa, Argentine singer (b. 1935)
• 2010 – Turhan Ilgaz, Turkish journalist, publisher and translator (b. 1945)
• 2011 – Doris Belack, American actress (b. 1926)
• 2011 – Muzaffer Tema, Turkish cinema artist (b. 1919)
• 2013 – Võ Nguyên Giáp, Vietnamese soldier and commander of communist North Vietnamese troops in the Vietnam War (b. 1911)
• 2014 – Paul Revere, American musician and organist (b. 1938)
• 2014 – Jean-Claude Duvalier, Haitian dictator; bureaucrat and politician (b. 1951)
• 2015 – Job de Ruiter, Dutch politician, former minister (b. 1930)
• 2016 – Mario Almada, Mexican actor and filmmaker (b. 1922)
• 2016 – Caroline Crawley, English musician singer (b. 1963)
• 2017 – David Ahmadinejad, Iranian politician (b. 1950)
• 2017 – Liam Cosgrave, Irish politician and former prime minister (b. 1920)
• 2017 – Lüdmila Gureyeva, Soviet-Russian volleyball player (b. 1943)
• 2017 – Jesús Mosterín, Spanish philosopher, writer and anthropologist (b. 1941)
• 2018 – Jeanne Ashworth, American figure skater (b. 1938)
• 2018 – Hamiet Bluiett, American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer (b. 1940)
• 2018 – Kurt Malangré, German politician (b. 1934)
• 2018 – Will Vinton, American animation producer and director (b. 1947)
• 2018 – Audrey Wells, American screenwriter, film producer and director (b. 1960)
• 2019 – Mikhail Biryukov, Russian junior tennis player (b. 1992)
• 2019 – Diahann Carroll, American singer, model, and actress (b. 1935)
• 2019 – Stephen Moore, English actor and dubbing artist (b. 1937)
• 2020 – Günter de Bruyn, German writer (b. 1926)
• 2020 – Giovanni D'Alise, Italian Roman Catholic bishop (b. 2020)
• 2020 – Mordechai Yissachar Ber Leifer, American rabbi (b. 1955)
• 2020 – Pradeep Maharathy, Indian politician (b. 1955)
• 2020 – Kenzō Takada, Japanese-French fashion designer and film director (b. 1939)

Holidays and special occasions 

• Animal Protection Day
• Storm: The Storm of Koçkatimi
• World Walking Day (October 3-4)
• World Space Week (October 4-10)