Today in History: Nearly Entire City Burned in the Disaster, which was referred to as the Great Chicago Fire

October 8 is the 281th (282th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 84.

Railways

• On October 8, 1892 Firecik started to pass through Komotini and Drama, and the concession of the line that will merge with the Thessaloniki-Mitrovica line at Karasulu station was given to French banker M. Rene Bauda-uy, who was a banker in Istanbul. The line, which started on October 1, 1893, was finished on April 1, 1896.
• 8 October 1908 Temporary Law on the Struggle was published.
• 8 October 1938 Ankara-Sivas-Erzurum line reached Erzincan.
• 8 October 1945 collided trains in Erzurum and Sivas.40 people died.

Events 

• 451 – The 4th of the “Councils” in which important doctrinal differences in Christianity were discussed, Chalcedon (Kadıköy) Council convened.
• 1480 - Grand Prince of Moscow III. Ivan won the Battle of Uğra and liberated his country from Golden Horde (Tatar) domination.
• 1600 – The Constitution, which is still largely valid, is accepted in San Marino.
• 1690 – Belgrade, II. It was taken back by Süleyman after a two-year hiatus and re-entered the Ottoman rule.
• 1804 - Jean-Jacques Dessalines, leader of the slaves who rebelled against French Colonialism (Haitian Revolution), declared himself Emperor of Haiti and was crowned as "Emperor Jacques I".
• 1838 - The Ottoman-British Trade Treaty (Baltalimanı Treaty) was ratified by Queen Victoria.
• 1862 - Otto von Bismarck becomes Prussian Minister of Foreign Affairs.
• 1871 – In the disaster that went down in history as the "Great Chicago Fire", almost the entire city was burned.
• 1906 - Russian writer Lev Tolstoy opposed his nomination for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
• 1908 – The "temporary law" was enacted, which was the predecessor of the Tatil-i Eşgaal Law, which banned unions and strikes.
• 1912 – The First Balkan War started when the Balkan Union, consisting of Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia and Montenegro, declared war against the Ottoman Empire.
• 1918 – Union and Progress Party was removed from power.
• 1920 - The Bukhara Soviet People's Republic was established.
• 1923 – Çatalca was liberated from the occupation of the Allied Powers.
• 1933 – Group D, formed by five Turkish painters (Zeki Faik Izer, Nurullah Berk, Elif Naci, Cemal Tollu, Abidin Dino) opened its first exhibition.
• 1952 – 112 people died in an accident involving three trains in London.
• 1958 - Muhammad Ayub Khan seized power in a coup d'etat in Pakistan.
• 1962 - Algeria became a member of the United Nations.
• 1967 – Guerrilla leader Che Guevara is captured in the La Higuera conflict in Bolivia.
• 1970 - Russian writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn wins the Nobel Prize for Literature.
• 1978 – Bahçelievler massacre: 7 TİP students were killed in Bahçelievler, Ankara.
• 1980 - Bob Marley could not complete his last concert because he fainted, later declared to have cancer.
• 1982 - Communist Poland bans Solidarność (Solidarity Union) and other labor unions.
• 1987 – 24th Golden Orange Film Festival concluded. Golden Orange directed by Yavuz Turgul Muhsin bey got the movie. Best Actor Şener Şen and Best Actress Türkan Şoray were selected.
• 1991 - Croatia declared its separation from Yugoslavia.
• 1993 – Georgia joined the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
• 1997 - In North Korea, Kim Jong-il is elected Secretary General of the Workers' Party of Korea, following the death of his father Kim Il-sung in 1994.
• 1998 - The Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Portuguese writer Jose Saramago.
• 2001 – A twin-engine Cessna and a passenger plane collided during takeoff in Milan due to heavy fog; 118 people died.
• 2002 – Six Commonwealth of Independent States member states formed a military alliance called the Collective Security Treaty Organization.
• 2005 – The 7,6 magnitude Kashmir earthquake (Pakistan) killed about 75.000 people and injured 106.000.

Births 

• 318 BC - Pyrrhus, king of Epirus in ancient times (d. 272 ​​BC)
• 1789 – William John Swainson, English ornithologist, malacologist, conchologist, entomologist, and painter (d. 1855)
• 1807 – Harriet Taylor Mill, English philosopher and women's rights activist (d. 1858)
• 1823 – Ivan Aksakov, Russian journalist and political writer (d. 1886)
• 1842 – Nikolay Yadrintsev, Russian explorer, archaeologist, and Turkologist (d. 1894)
• 1848 – Pierre De Geyter, international Belgian composer (d. 1932)
• 1850 – Henry Louis Le Chatelier, French chemist (d. 1936)
• 1873 – Ejnar Hertzsprung, Danish astronomer and chemist (d. 1967)
• 1873 – Alexey Shchusev, Russian architect (d. 1949)
• 1876 ​​Willie Smith, Scottish golfer (d. 1916)
• 1883 – Otto Heinrich Warburg, German physiologist, medical doctor, and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1970)
• 1884 – Walter von Reichenau, German officer and marshal of Nazi Germany (d. 1942)
• 1889 – Philippe Thys, Belgian former professional road cyclist (d. 1971)
• 1890 – Eddie Rickenbacker, American Medal of Honor as a World War I Ace pilot (d. 1973)
• 1892 – Marina Tsvetayeva, Russian poet (d. 1941)
• 1893 – Clarence Williams, American jazz pianist, composer, vocalist, and editor (d. 1965)
• 1895 – Ahmet Zogoğlu, King of Albania (d. 1961)
• 1895 – Juan Peron, Argentine soldier, politician, and President of Argentina (d. 1974)
• 1897 – Rouben Mamoulian, American film director (d. 1987)
• 1901 – Mark Oliphant, Australian physicist and humanist (d. 2000)
• 1917 - Rodney Robert Porter, English biochemist. 1972 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1985)
• 1918 – Jens Skou, Danish chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2018)
• 1919 – Kiichi Miyazawa, Japanese politician who served as the 1991th prime minister of Japan from 1993-49 (d. 2007)
• 1920 – Frank Herbert, American author (d. 1986)
• 1922 – Nils Liedholm, Swedish former football player and manager (d. 2007)
• 1927 – César Milstein, Argentine biochemist (d. 2002)
• 1928 – Didi, Brazilian football player (d. 2001)
• 1928 – Bill Maynard, English actor and comedian (d. 2018)
• 1930 – Toru Takemitsu, Japanese composer and music theorist (d. 1996)
• 1934 – Gerry Hitchens, English former international footballer (d. 1983)
• 1939 – Elvīra Ozoliņa, Latvian-Soviet javelin thrower
• 1939 – Lynne Stewart, American defense attorney (d. 2017)
• 1940 - Paul Hogan is an Australian actor, comedian, writer and television presenter.
• 1941 – George Bellamy, English musician
• 1941 – Jesse Jackson, American politician, human rights activist, and pastor
• 1943 – Chevy Chase, American comedian and film actor
• 1943 - RL Stine is an American writer.
• 1945 – Nurullah Ankut, Turkish teacher, writer and Chairman of the People's Liberation Party
• 1946 – Hanan Ashrawi, Palestinian politician, philosopher, and activist
• 1946 – Jean-Jacques Beineix, French film director
• 1946 - Dennis Kucinich, American politician
• 1948 – Claude Jade, French actor (d. 2006)
• 1949 – Sigourney Weaver, American actress
• 1952 – Edward Zwick, American director and producer
• 1953 – Nabi Avcı, Turkish academic, writer and politician
• 1956 – Erman Kunter, Turkish basketball player and coach
• 1957 – Antonio Cabrini, Italian national football player and manager
• 1958 – Steve Coll, American academic, journalist, author, and administrator
• 1958 – Ursula von der Leyen, German politician
• 1959 – Nick Bakay, American actor, voice actor, writer, comedian, and sportscaster
• 1960 - Reed Hastings is an American businessman.
• 1966 – Felipe Camiroaga, Chilean radio and television host (d. 2011)
• 1966 Karyn Parsons, American actress
• 1966 – Teddy Riley, American record producer, singer-songwriter, and musician
• 1968 – Zvonimir Boban, Croatian former national football player
• 1968 – CL Smooth, American rapper
• 1968 – Leeroy Thornhill, British DJ. He is a former member of the band The Prodigy.
• 1969 - Julia Ann, American porn star
• 1969 - Jeremy Davies is an American actor.
• 1969 - Dylan Neal, Canadian actor
• 1969 – Hagen Rether, German cabaret artist and musician
• 1970 – Matt Damon, American actor
• 1970 – Anne-Marie Duff, English actress
• 1970 – Sadiq Khan, Pakistani-British politician
• 1971 – Pınar Selek, Turkish sociologist and writer
• 1973 - Terry Balsamo, american musician
• 1974 - Koji Murofushi, Japanese hammer thrower
• 1977 – Erna Siikavirta, Finnish musician
• 1979 - Kristanna Loken, American actress
• 1980 – Nick Cannon, American actor, comedian, rapper, director, writer, producer, and television host
• 1982 - Annemiek van Vleuten is a Dutch road racing cyclist.
• 1983 – Gamze Topuz, Turkish actress
• 1985 – Elliphant, Swedish singer, songwriter and rapper
• 1985 – Bruno Mars, American singer, songwriter and producer
• 1987 – Aya Hirano, Japanese female voice actor and singer
• 1989 – Mahmut Temür is a Turkish-German football player.
• 1989 – Armand Traoré is a French football player of Senegalese origin.
• 1993 – Barbara Palvin, Hungarian model
• 1993 – Garbiñe Muguruza, Spanish tennis player
• 1993 – Barbara Palvin, Hungarian model
• 1993 - Molly Quinn is an American stage, film and television actress.
• 1997 - Bella Thorne, American actress, dancer and singer

Deaths 

• 705 – Abdulmalik, 5th Caliph of the Umayyads (b. 646)
• 1317 – Fushimi, 92nd emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 1265)
• 1469 – Fra Filippo Lippi, Early rönesans Italian painter of the period (b. 1406)
• 1735 – Yongzheng, fifth emperor of China's Qing Dynasty (b. 1678)
• 1754 – Henry Fielding, English writer (b. 1707)
• 1793 – John Hancock, American merchant and statesman (b. 1737)
• 1803 – Vittorio Alfieri, Italian dramatist (b. 1749)
• 1834 – François-Adrien Boieldieu, French composer and music teacher (b. 1775)
• 1869 – Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States (b. 1804)
• 1934 – Willi Bang-Kaup, German Turcologist (b. 1869)
• 1936 – Ahmet Tevfik Okday, the last Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1845)
• 1936 – Munshi Premchad, one of the most important writers of Modern Hindi and Urdu literature (b. 1880)
• 1953 – Chojun Miyagi, Japanese athlete and karate (b. 1888)
• 1967 – Clement Attlee, British politician (b. 1883)
• 1973 – Gabriel Marcel, French existentialist philosopher, playwright, and critic (b. 1889)
• 1982 – Philip Noel-Baker, British statesman and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1889)
• 1983 – Joan Hackett, American stage, film and television actress (b. 1934)
• 1984 – Paul Baumgarten, German architect (b. 1900)
• 1987 – Konstantinos Çaços, Greek Diplomat, Professor of Law, politician (b. 1899)
• 1987 – İsmet Sıral, Turkish musician, saxophonist, flutist and neyzen (one of Turkey's first jazz orchestra conductors) (b. 1927)
• 1990 – BJ Wilson, English musician and drummer for Procol Harum (b. 1947)
• 1992 – Willy Brandt, German politician (b. 1913)
• 1993 – Cemal Bingöl, Turkish painter and art teacher (b. 1912)
• 2000 – Şükriye Atav, Turkish theater and film actress (Golden Orange Award) (b. 1917)
• 2004 – Jacques Derrida, French philosopher (b. 1930)
• 2007 – Constantine Andreou, Greek painter and sculptor (b. 1917)
• 2008 – George Emil Palade, Romanian-born cell biologist (b. 1912)
• 2011 – Roger Williams, American classical pop pianist (b. 1924)
• 2011 – Ingvar Wixell, Swedish baritone (b. 1931)
• 2012 – John Tchicai, Danish jazz musician and saxophonist (b. 1936)
• 2014 – Volkan Saraçoğlu, Turkish cinema, TV series and theater actor (b. 1954)
• 2015 – Sırrı Elitaş, Turkish film actor, screenwriter and director (b. 1944)
• 2016 – Giovanni Scognamillo, Turkish writer, film historian, researcher, critic, translator, educator, painter (b. 1929)
• 2017 – László Aradszky, Hungarian pop singer (b. 1935)
• 2017 – Gianni Bonagura, Italian radio, television, film, theater and TV actor, voice actor (b. 1925)
• 2017 – Selim Şakir, Tunisian politician (b. 1932)
• 2017 – Grady Tate, American hard bop jazz-soul singer, musician, and drummer (b. 1932)
• 2017 – Birgitta Ulfsson, Finnish-Swedish actress and theater director (b. 1928)
• 2018 – Dina Haroun, Syrian actress (b. 1973)
• 2018 – Juan Heredia, Spanish football player (b. 1942)
• 2018 – Arnold Kopelson, American film producer (b. 1935)
• 2018 – Joseph Tydings, American politician (b. 1928)
• 2019 – Eduard Admetlla i Lázaro, Spanish photographer (b. 1924)
• 2019 – Helen Shingler, English actress (b. 1919)
• 2019 – Talat Zechariah, Egyptian comedian and actor (b. 1960)
• 2020 – Jim Dwyer, American journalist and author (b. 1957)
• 2020 – Whitey Ford, American former professional baseball player (b. 1928)
• 2020 – Shlomo Gazit, Turkish-born Israeli soldier, educator, and academic (b. 1926)
• 2020 – Ram Vilas Paswan, Indian politician (b. 1946)
• 2020 – Mohammad Reza Sejarian, Iranian singer, composer, skilful master of music, and calligrapher (b. 1940)
• 2020 – Jan Szarek, Polish Lutheran archbishop (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Erin Wall, Canadian-American opera singer (b. 1975)