Today in History: Turhal Sugar Factory Opened

October 19 is the 292th (293th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 73.

Railways

• On October 19, 1898, the Baghdad Railways concession was again given to Deutche Bank.

Events 

• 439 – Carthage is taken by the Vandals from the Western Roman Empire
• 1448 – Ottoman Sultan II. Murat won the Kosovo Victory.
• 1781 – At the end of the Battle of Yorktown, troops under the command of George Washington and the French commander Comte de Rochambeau achieve a decisive victory over the British Army with the surrender of Lord Cornwallis.
• 1872 - The world's largest gold nugget (215 kilograms) was found in New South Wales, Australia.
• 1934 – The Exchange Commission completed its task. The Commission, which was responsible for regulating the exchange of Anatolian and Thrace Greeks and Greek Muslims, was established on 7 October 1923.
• 1934 – Turhal Sugar Factory was opened.
• 1939 – II. In the first months of World War II, a triple defense alliance was signed between France, the United Kingdom and Turkey.
• 1945 – Ankara University Faculty of Medicine was opened.
• 1951 – British soldiers capture the Suez Canal.
• 1960 – The case regarding the 6-7 September Incidents started.
• 1962 – The Law on Meetings and Demonstrations was accepted in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1962 – First James Bond movie Dr. No entered the show.
• 1982 – The text of the Constitution, which was finalized by the National Security Council, was announced. With the temporary articles, ex-party executives are banned from politics for 10 years, Kenan Evren becomes President with the adoption of the Constitution.
• 1987 - The London Stock Exchange crashed. As a result of the great panic, there was a loss of value of 50 billion pounds.
• 1988 – UK bans publication of interviews with members of the IRA.
• 1995 – European Parliament Greens sözcüClaudia Roth filed a 3 billion lira moral compensation lawsuit against State Minister Ayvaz Gökdemir.
• 2011 – October 2011 Çukurca attack took place. As a result of the attacks carried out by the PKK in 8 different places simultaneously, 24 soldiers died.

Births 

• 1276 – Prince Hisaaki, eighth shogun of the Kamakura shogunate (d. 1328)
• 1433 – Marsilio Ficino, Italian Neoplatonic philosopher (d. 1499)
• 1582 – Dmitri Ivanovich, Russian prince and Orthodox saint (d. 1591)
• 1605 Thomas Browne, English writer (d. 1682)
• 1609 – Gerrard Winstanley, English Protestant religious reformer, political philosopher, and activist (Quakerism) (d. 1676)
• 1721 – Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist, sinologist, and Turcologist (d. 1800)
• 1795 – Arthur Morin, French physicist (d. 1880)
• 1862 – Auguste Lumière, French photographer (d. 1954)
• 1882 – Umberto Boccioni, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1916)
• 1895 – Lewis Mumford, American author; historian and critic of philosophy, culture and architecture (d. 1990)
• 1899 – Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan author, diplomat, and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
• 1909 – Marguerite Perey, French physicist (d. 1975)
• 1910 – Farid al-Atrash, Egyptian composer, singer, lute player and film actor (d. 1974)
• 1910 – Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-American astrophysicist (d. 1995)
• 1914 – Juanita Moore, American actress (d. 2014)
• 1916 – Jean Dausset, French immunologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Medicine and Physiology (d. 2009)
• 1917 – Walter Munk, American-Austrian oceanographer, geologist, academic, and scientist (d. 2019)
• 1921 – Gunnar Nordahl, Swedish football player (d. 1995)
• 1925 – Emilio Eduardo Massera, Argentine soldier (d. 2010)
• 1926 – Arne Bendiksen, Norwegian singer and actress (d. 2009)
• 1927 – Pierre Alechinsky, Belgian artist
• 1931 – John Le Carré, English writer (d. 2020)
• 1932 – Robert Reed, American film and television actor (d. 1992)
• 1940 – Michael Gambon, Irish film and stage actor
• 1944 – Peter Tosh, Jamaican reggae musician (d. 1987)
• 1945 – Angus Deaton, British and American economics professor
• 1945 Divine, American singer, actress, and drag queen (d. 1988)
• 1945 – Yücel Erten, Turkish actor, director, writer and translator
• 1945 – John Lithgow, American actor, musician, poet, and author
• 1951 – Rushen Javadov, Azerbaijani soldier and politician (d. 1995)
• 1952 – Verónica Castro, Mexican singer, film and television actress
• 1954 – Sam Allardyce, English former football player and manager
• 1958 - Hiromi Hara is a former Japanese international football player.
• 1962 – Tracy Chevalier, an American writer
• 1962 – Bendik Hofseth, Norwegian jazz musician, saxophone and vocalist
• 1962 – Evander Holyfield, American professional boxer
• 1966 – Jon Favreau is an American actor, director, screenwriter, voice actor, and comedian.
• 1966 – Dimitris Lyacos, Greek poet and playwright
• 1969 – Trey Parker, American animator, screenwriter, film director, voice actor, actor, and musician
• 1970 – Chris Kattan, American actor, comedian, and author
• 1970 – Jason Reitman, Canadian director
• 1973 – Okan Buruk, Turkish football player
• 1974 – Orhan Kılıç, Turkish actor
• 1975 – Burak Güven, Turkish bass guitarist, songwriter and member of Mor ve Ötesi
• 1976 – Nihat Sırdar, Turkish radio broadcaster
• 1977 – Habib Beye is a former Senegalese national football player.
• 1977 Jason Reitman, Canadian film director
• 1977 – Raúl Tamudo, Former Spanish international football player
• 1979 – Özgün Uğurlu, Turkish singer and songwriter
• 1981 – Heikki Kovalainen, Finnish Formula 1 driver
• 1982 – Gillian Jacobs, American actress
• 1982 – Louis Oosthuizen, South African golfer
• 1983 – Rebecca Ferguson, Swedish actress
• 1983 – Gökhan Saki, Turkish-Dutch kickboxer
• 1989 – Miroslav Stoch, Slovak national football player
• 1989 - Janine Tugonon, Filipino model
• 1990 – Janet Leon, Swedish singer

Deaths 

• 1216 – John the Homeless, King of England (signer of Magna Carta) (b. 1166)
• 1587 – Francesco de Medici I, Second Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1541)
• 1682 – Thomas Browne, English writer (b. 1605)
• 1723 – Godfrey Kneller, English portrait painter (b. 1646)
• 1745 – Jonathan Swift, Irish writer (b. 1667)
• 1813 – Józef Poniatowski, Polish leader, general, minister of war (b. 1763)
• 1875 – Charles Wheatstone, English scientist (b. 1802)
• 1897 – George Pullman, American industrialist and inventor (Pullman sleeper wagons) (b. 1831)
• 1909 – Cesare Lombroso, Italian criminologist (pioneer of the scientific study of criminality) (b. 1835)
• 1920 – John Reed, American journalist, author, and poet (b. 1887)
• 1937 – Ernest Rutherford, English physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (b. 1871)
• 1938 – İsmail Müştak Mayakon, Turkish journalist, writer and politician (b. 1882)
• 1943 – Camille Claudel, French sculptor (b. 1864)
• 1945 – Plutarco Elías Calles, Mexican general and politician (b. 1877)
• 1957 – Gordon Childe, Australian archaeologist (d. 1892)
• 1961 – Şemsettin Günaltay, Turkish politician (b. 1883)
• 1964 – Sergey Biryuzov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (b. 1904)
• 1970 – Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexican general and politician who served as President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940 (b. 1895)
• 1978 – Gig Young, American actress and winner of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor (b. 1913)
• 1983 – Maurice Bishop, Grenadian politician (b. 1944)
• 1986 – Samora Machel, Mozambican military commander, revolutionary and politician (b. 1933)
• 1987 – Jacqueline du Pré, English cellist (b. 1945)
• 1988 – Son House, American blues and country music legend, singer and guitarist (b. 1902)
• 1988 – Necdet Koyutürk, Turkish tango composer (b. 1921)
• 1999 – Nathalie Sarraute, French novelist and essayist (b. 1900)
• 2002 – Alvarez Bravo, Mexican photographer (b. 1902)
• 2003 – Alija Izetbegović, Bosnian statesman and first President of independent Bosnia and Herzegovina (b. 1925)
• 2009 – Muharrem Candaş, Turkish wrestler (b. 1921)
• 2010 – Tom Bosley, American actor (b. 1927)
• 2014 – Lynda Bellingham, English actress and writer (b. 1948)
• 2016 – Yvette Chauvire, French ballerina and actress (b. 1917)
• 2017 – Umberto Lenzi is an Italian filmmaker and director (b. 1931)
• 2018 – Walter Knödel, Austrian mathematician, academic, and computer engineer (b. 1926)
• 2018 – Osamu Shimomura, Japanese chemist (b. 1928)
• 2018 – Diana Sowle, American actress (b. 1930)
• 2019 – Erhard Eppler, German ex-minister and educator (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Aleksandr Volkov, Soviet-Russian professional tennis player (b. 1967)
• 2020 – Jana Andresíková, Czech actress (b. 1941)
• 2020 – Spencer Davis, British multi-instrumentalist, singer and composer (b. 1939)
• 2020 – Gianni Dei, Italian actor and singer (b. 1940)
• 2020 – Enzo Mari, Italian artist and furniture designer working in the Modern style (b. 1932)
• 2020 – Wojciech Pszoniak, Polish actor and theater actor (b. 1942)

Holidays and special occasions 

• mukhtars day