Today in History: Front Tunnel Construction of Istanbul Metro Started

September 30 is the 273th (274th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 92.

Railways

• 30 September 1931 Samsun-Sivas line (372 km) was completed and opened for operation. The line cost 29.200.000 pounds total.
• October 30, 1917 In Konya, the tram was known from the beginning of the century. In 1917, the Grand Vizier Avlonyalı Ferit Pasha, who was the governor of Konya, had the horse-drawn tram transferred to Konya when the electric tram was activated in Thessaloniki. After the Atatürk monument, the horse-drawn tram would pass through Gazi High School and reach the old Park Cinema. The second tram, which departed from the Government House, was going to the Sultan Selim Mosque. The Konya adventure of the horse-drawn ramway, which exceeds 30 kilometers, did not last long either; Trams carrying passengers and freight until 1930 were removed from this date. In the picture below, the horse-drawn tram carrying workers from the Konya train station to the sugar factory is seen;
• 1991 – The construction of the front tunnel of the Istanbul metro began. Erdal İnönü, Chairman of the Social Democratic Populist Party, made the opening.

Events

• 1399 – IV. Henry became King of England.
• 1517 – Oruç Reis achieved the victory in Algeria.
• 1520 – Suleiman the Magnificent ascended the throne as the 10th Ottoman Sultan.
• 1730 - Sultan Mahmud I ascended the throne.
• 1791 - Mozart's last opera Magic Flutepremiered in Vienna.
• 1888 - Jack the Ripper kills his third victim, Elizabeth Stride, and his fourth victim, Catherine Eddowes, killing two people on the same day.
• 1930 – Vecihi Bey, one of the first Turkish civilian pilots, flew from Göztepe to Yeşilköy in his own plane.
• 1956 – Soprano Leyla Gencer gave a concert in San Francisco.
• 1960 – State Planning Organization was established.
• 1966 – Botswana gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1978 – Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit Village-City started its application in Taşkesti village of Mudurnu district of Bolu.
• 2005 – in Denmark Jyllands Posten The Caricature Crisis appeared after he published cartoons depicting the prophet Muhammad in the newspaper.
• 2009 – An earthquake on the Indonesian island of Sumatra killed 1115 people.

Births 

• 1207 – Mevlana Celaleddin-i Rumi, Persian poet (d. 1273)
• 1227 – IV. Nicolaus was pope from February 22, 1288 until his death in 1292 (d. 1292)
• 1550 – Michael Maestlin, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1631)
• 1715 – Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, French philosopher (d. 1780)
• 1765 – José María Morelos was a Mexican Catholic priest and revolutionary rebel leader who led the Mexican War of Independence (d. 1815)
• 1775 – Robert Adrain, Irish-American mathematician (d. 1843)
• 1802 – Antoine Jérôme Balard, French chemist (d. 1876)
• 1856 – Naile Sultan, daughter of Abdülmecid (d. 1882)
• 1863 – Reinhard Scheer, Kaiserliche Marine Admiral (d. 1928)
• 1870 – Jean Baptiste Perrin, French physicist (d.1942)
• 1882 – Hans Geiger, German physicist and inventor of the Geiger counter (d. 1945)
• 1883 – Bernhard Rust, Minister of Science, Education and National Culture in Nazi Germany (d. 1945)
• 1895 – Lewis Milestone, Russian-American film director (d. 1980)
• 1898 – Renée Adoree, French silent film era actress (d. 1933)
• 1905 – Nevill Mott, English physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (d. 1996)
• 1908 – David Oistrakh, Russian violinist (d. 1974)
• 1911 – Gustave M. Gilbert, American Psychologist (d. 1977)
• 1913 – Bill Walsh, producer and screenwriter (d. 1975)
• 1917 – Yuri Lyubimov, Russian director, actor, trainer (d. 2014)
• 1917 – Buddy Rich, American musician (d. 1987)
• 1918 – Aldo Parisot, Brazilian-American cellist and music educator (d. 2018)
• 1921 – Deborah Kerr, Scottish-English film and stage actress (d. 2007)
• 1924 – Truman Capote, American author (d. 1984)
• 1928 – Elie Wiesel, Romanian-born Jewish writer and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 2016)
• 1929 – Leticia Ramos-Shahani, Filipina politician and writer (d. 2017)
• 1931 - Angie Dickinson is an American actress.
• 1932 – Shintarō Ishihara, Japanese politician and writer who served as Governor of Tokyo from 1999-2012
• 1934 – Alan A'Court, English former football player and manager (d. 2009)
• 1934 – Udo Jürgens, Austrian pop music composer and singer (d. 2014)
• 1936 – Engin Ünal, Turkish national swimmer (d. 2016)
• 1936 – Sevgi Soysal, Turkish writer (d. 1976)
• 1937 – Jurek Becker, Polish-born German writer, screenwriter (d. 1997)
• 1939 – Jean-Marie Lehn, French chemist
• 1942 – Leyla Berkes Onat, Turkish painter, translator and writer
• 1943 – Johann Deisenhofer, German biochemist
• 1944 – Jimmy Johnstone, Scottish former football player (d. 2006)
• 1945 – Ehud Olmert, 12th Prime Minister of Israel
• 1945 – José Manuel Fuente, Spanish road cyclist (d. 1996)
• 1946 – Hector Lavoe, Puerto Rican musician (d. 1993)
• 1948 – Semiramis Pekkan, Turkish film actor and sound artist
• 1950 – Laura Esquivel, Mexican writer
• 1950 Victoria Tennant, English actress
• 1951 – John Lloyd, British comedy writer and television producer
• 1951 – Barry Marshall, Australian physician
• 1957 – Fran Drescher, American actress, comedian, author, and activist
• 1959 - Ettore Messina, Italian professional basketball coach
• 1961 – Eric Stoltz, American director, actor, producer
• 1962 – Frank Rijkaard, Dutch football player and manager
• 1964 – Monica Bellucci, Italian actress and former model
• 1969 – Chris Von Erich, American professional wrestler (d. 1991)
• 1970 – Tony Hale, American comedian and actor
• 1970 – Damian Mori, Australian football player and manager
• 1971 – Giancarlo Judica Cordiglia, Italian actress and director
• 1971 – Jenna Elfman, American actress and producer
• 1972 – Ari Behn, Danish-born Norwegian writer (d. 2019)
• 1972 – John Campbell, American bass guitarist
• 1974 – Daniel Wu, Chinese-American director, producer, and actor
• 1975 – Marion Cotillard, French actress
• 1977 – Roy Carroll, former Northern Irish international footballer
• 1978 – Malgorzata Glinka, Polish volleyball player
• 1979 – Primož Kozmus, Slovenian athlete
• 1979 – Andy van der Meyde is a Dutch former football player.
• 1980 – Martina Hingis, Swiss tennis player
• 1984 – Georgios Eleftheriou, Cypriot national football player
• 1985 – Olcan Adın, Turkish football player
• 1985 – Cristian Rodríguez, Uruguayan international football player
• 1985 – T-Pain, American hip hop, R&B singer and producer
• 1986 – Olivier Giroud, French national football player
• 1986 – Cristián Zapata, Colombian national football player
• 1987 – Aida Garifullina, Russian opera lyric soprano
• 1988 – Eglė Staišiūnaitė, Lithuanian hurdler
• 1988 – Merve Uygül, Turkish basketball player
• 1990 – Kim Seung-Gyu, South Korean football player
• 1992 – Ezra Miller, American singer, musician, actor, and activist
• 1992 – Sefa Doğanay, Turkish comedian and actress
• 1994 – Aliya Mustafina, Russian gymnast of Tatar descent
• 1994 – Raphaël Coleman, English actor and activist (d. 2020)
• 1995 – Victor Andrade, Brazilian football player
• 1996 – Nico Elvedi, Swiss football player
• 1997 - Max Verstappen, Dutch Formula 1 driver
• 2002 – Maddie Ziegler, American dancer, actress, and internet celebrity

Deaths 

• 420 – Hieronymus, Roman priest, theologian, and historian (b. 347)
• 1246 – II. Yaroslav, Grand prince of Vladimir from 1238 to 1246 (b. 1191)
• 1626 – Nurhaci, founder of the Qing Dynasty (b. 1553)
• 1770 – George Whitefield, Anglican clergyman, one of the founders of Methodism and the evangelical movement (b. 1714)
• 1897 – Teresa of Lisieux, French Carmelite nun and mystic (b. 1873)
• 1937 – Miheil Javakhishvili, Georgian writer (b. 1880)
• 1942 – Hans-Joachim Marseille, German fighter pilot (b. 1919)
• 1943 – Franz Oppenheimer, German sociologist and political economist (b. 1864)
• 1955 – James Dean, American actor (b. 1931)
• 1978 – Ali Nihat Tarlan, Turkish literary historian (b. 1898)
• 1985 – Charles Francis Richter, American seismologist and creator of the Richter scale (b. 1900)
• 1985 – Simone Signoret, French actress (b. 1921)
• 1987 – Alfred Bester, American science fiction writer, screenwriter, and editor (b. 1913)
• 1988 – Truong Chinh, Vietnamese politician (b. 1907)
• 1990 – Patrick White, Australian author and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1912)
• 1994 – André Michel Lwoff, French microbiologist (b. 1902)
• 1999 – Avni Akyol, Turkish educator and politician (Minister of National Education and Minister of Culture) (b. 1931)
• 2002 – Göran Kropp, Swedish speedway driver (b. 1966)
• 2003 – Ronnie Dawson, American guitarist (b. 1939)
• 2003 – Robert Kardashian, Armenian-American lawyer (b. 1944)
• 2004 – Michael Relph, English director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1915)
• 2010 – Stephen J. Cannell, American screenwriter, film and TV producer (b. 1941)
• 2011 – Anwar al-Awlaki, American-Yemenian imam and preacher (b. 1971)
• 2011 – Suphi Gürsoytrak, Turkish soldier and politician (b. 1925)
• 2011 – Ralph M. Steinman, Canadian immunologist and cell biologist (b. 1943)
• 2012 – Turhan Bey, Turkish-Austrian actor and producer (b. 1922)
• 2012 – Barbara Ann Scott, Canadian ice skater (b. 1928)
• 2013 – Ruth Maleczech, American actress (b. 1939)
• 2014 – Vítor Crespo, Portuguese politician, academic (b. 1932)
• 2014 – Martin Perl, American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995 for his discovery of the Tau lepton (b. 1927)
• 2015 – Göran Hägg, Swedish writer (b. 1947)
• 2015 – Ricky Talan, Former Dutch football player (b. 1960)
• 2016 – Hanoi Hannah, Vietnamese radio host (b. 1931)
• 2016 – Mike Towell, Scottish professional boxer (b. 1991)
• 2017 – Elizabeth Baur, American actress (b. 1947)
• 2017 – Vladimir Voevodsky, a Russian-American mathematician (b. 1966)
• 2018 – Kemal İnci, Turkish cinema and TV series actor (b. 1933)
• 2018 – Kim Larsen, Danish rock musician (b. 1945)
• 2018 – René Pétillon, French illustrator (b. 1945)
• 2018 – Czesław Strumiłło, Polish chemical engineer (b. 1930)
• 2018 – Mehmet Uslu, Turkish TV series and film actor (b. 1961)
• 2019 – David Akers-Jones, British politician (b. 1927)
• 2019 – Wayne Fitzgerald, American film and television chief designer (b. 1930)
• 2019 -Viju Khote, Indian actress (b. 1941)
• 2019 – Kornel Andrzej Morawiecki, Polish politician and theoretical physicist (b. 1941)
• 2019 – Ben Pon is a Dutch speed racer, shooter and winemaker (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Ali Bozer, Turkish lawyer and politician (b. 1925)
• 2020 – John Russell, American veteran and rider (b. 1920)

Holidays and special occasions 

• Storm: Crane Livelihood Storm
• International Translation Day