Today in History: Bergama District of Izmir Was Freed from Enemy Occupation

September 14 is the 257th (258th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 108.

Railways

• 14 September 1908 Anatolia and Orient Railway workers went on strike. Workers requested to have their working hours reduced from 10,5 to 8,5 hours. The company agreed to give 20 hike and a half salary bonus to the salaried employee.

Events 

• 1812 - Emperor Napoleon of France entered Moscow, where a great fire raged at the head of his armies.
• 1829 – The Treaty of Edirne was signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire.
• 1867 - The first volume of Karl Marx's Capital is published.
• 1901 - US President William McKinley dies and is succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt. McKinley was shot as a result of the assassination by the Polish Leon Czolgosz while opening a fair in New York on September 6, 1901.
• 1908 – Ottoman Ahrar Party was founded.
• 1919 – İrâde-i Milliye newspaper started to be published in Sivas.
• 1922 – Bergama district of Izmir was liberated from enemy occupation.
• 1923 – In accordance with the Treaty of Lausanne, Karaağaç Train Station in Edirne was received from the Greeks.
• 1930 – Selim Ragıp Emeç, Managing Director of Son Posta newspaper, was arrested.
• 1933 - Turkey and Greece signed the Friendship Treaty.
• 1936 – The Ministry of National Education of the Republic of Turkey accepted the "Alphabet" book to be taught in primary schools. The authors of the alphabet: Murat Özgün and İlhan Gökçe.
• 1944 – The law on the establishment and expansion of radio stations was passed.
• 1954 – France awarded Professor Tevfik Remzi Kazancıgil with the Légion d'honneur.
• 1956 – Akis magazine was recalled.
• 1960 - Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela founded OPEC.
• 1963 – Former Democratic Party Deputy Zeki Erataman, sentenced to life in prison, escaped from the hospital where he was treated. Later, it was announced that Erataman had taken refuge in Greece.
• 1969 – In the Balkan Boxing Championship, Seyfi Tatar and Celal Sandal became champions.
• 1970 - Palestinian guerrillas take control of Irbid, Jordan's second largest city.
• 1971 – Süleyman Ege, owner of Bilim ve Sosyalizm Publishing, was sentenced to 7,5 years in prison because of Lenin's book “State and Revolution”.
• 1972 – Aşık Mahsuni was tried for allegedly insulting the Prime Minister.
• 1974 – Film actor and director Yılmaz Güney murdered Sefa Mutlu, the judge of the Yumurtalık district of Adana.
• 1980 – Alparslan Türkeş, Chairman of the Nationalist Movement Party, surrendered and was sent to Uzunada.
• 1980 – The leaders of the Revolutionary Workers' Unions Confederation (DİSK) and the Nationalist Confederation of Workers' Unions (MİSK) were demanded by the Martial Law Commands to surrender.
• 1994 – Evening newspaper started its publication life again under the management of Mehmet Ali Ilıcak.
• 1997 – 10 soldiers lost their lives as a result of the crash of a military helicopter stuck on the tension line in Van.
• 1999 – YÖK Rectors Committee took a joint decision banning the headscarf in university campuses, indoor or outdoor areas. A head covering was also banned in the photo on the identity card, classrooms, laboratories, social facilities and sports areas.
• 2018 – Construction workers started to strike due to poor working conditions during the construction phase of Istanbul New Airport.

Births 

• 208 – Diadumenianus, son of Roman Emperor Macrinus (d. 218)
• 786 – Mamun, Abbasid Caliph (d. 833)
• 1769 – Alexander von Humboldt, Prussian naturalist and explorer (d. 1859)
• 1791 – Franz Bopp, German linguist (b. 1867)
• 1804 – John Gould, English ornithologist and bird painter (d. 1881)
• 1837 – Nikolai Vasilievich Bugaev, Russian mathematician (d. 1903)
• 1843 – Lola Rodríguez de Tió, Puerto Rican poet (d. 1924)
• 1849 – Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist (d. 1936)
• 1864 – Robert Cecil, English politician and diplomat (d. 1948)
• 1870 – Cevat Çobanlı, Turkish soldier and politician (d. 1938)
• 1883 – Margaret Sanger, American birth control advocate and activist (d. 1966)
• 1898 – Hal B. Wallis, American filmmaker (d. 1986)
• 1910 – Jack Hawkins, English actor (d. 1973)
• 1913 – Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán was president of Guatemala from 1951 to 1954 (d. 1971)
• 1920 – Lawrence Klein, American economist (d. 2013)
• 1922 – Şükrü Gülesin, Turkish national football player, coach and sports writer (d. 1977)
• 1923 – Semahat Geldiay, Turkish zoologist (d. 2002)
• 1926 – Michel Butor, French writer (d. 2016)
• 1926 – I. Duchess Carmen Franco, Spanish noble and duchess (d. 2017)
• 1928 – Alberto Korda, Cuban photographer (d. 2001)
• 1933 – Zoe Caldwell, Australian veteran actress (d. 2020)
• 1934 – Kate Millett, American feminist writer (d. 2017)
• 1935 – Sarah Kofman, French philosopher (d. 1994)
• 1936 – Ferid Murad, Albanian-born American physician and pharmacologist
• 1937 – Renzo Piano, Italian architect
• 1938 – Tiziano Terzani, Italian journalist and author (d. 2004)
• 1944 – Günter Netzer is a former German national football player and manager.
• 1947 – Sam Neill, Irish actor
• 1949 – Ed King, American rock musician and songwriter (d. 2018)
• 1949 – Tommy Seebach, Danish singer (d. 2003)
• 1951 – Volodymyr Melnikov, Ukrainian poet, prose writer, composer, scientist, Honored Artist of Ukraine
• 1955 – Geraldine Brooks is an Australian-American journalist and author.
• 1956 – Kostas Karamanlis, Greek politician
• 1956 – Ray Wilkins, English football player and manager (d. 2018)
• 1960 - Melissa Leo is an American actress.
• 1964 – Faith Ford is an American television and film actress.
• 1965 – Dmitry Medvedev, Russian politician
• 1965 – Hülya Gülşen Irmak, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actress
• 1967 – Jens Lien is a Norwegian film director.
• 1971 – İclal Aydın, Turkish actor, writer and poet
• 1971 - Jeff Loomis, an American musician
• 1971 – Andre Matos, Brazilian singer, musician and composer (d. 2019)
• 1973 - Andrew Lincoln, English actor
• 1973 – Vincent Cespedes, French philosopher and writer
• 1973 – Nas, American rapper and actor
• 1974 – Hisham El Geruc, Moroccan national athlete and former middle distance runner
• 1974 – Sunday Oliseh, Nigerian football player and manager
• 1975 – Gökhan Mumcu, Turkish actor
• 1977 – Alex de Souza, Brazilian football player
• 1978 - Carmen Kass is an Estonian model and former political candidate
• 1978 – Arda Öziri, Turkish TV series and film actor (d. 2018)
• 1979 – Ivica Olić, Croatian former international football player
• 1981 – Sandro Stallbaum, German football player
• 1982 – SoShy, French singer-songwriter
• 1983 – Arash Burhani is an Iranian national football player.
• 1983 – Amy Jade Winehouse, English singer-songwriter (d. 2011)
• 1985 – Aya Ueto, Japanese singer and actress
• 1986 – Steven Naismith, Scottish international football player
• 1986 – Barış Özbek, German-born Turkish football player
• 1988 – Diogo Salomao is a Portuguese football player.
• 1989 – Jimmy Butler, American basketball player
• 1989 Jessica Brown Findlay, british actor
• 1989 – Lee Jong-suk, South Korean model and actor
• 1990 – Douglas Costa, Brazilian football player
• 1990 – Petar Filipović, Serbian football player
• 1991 – Nana, South Korean singer and actress
• 1992 – Zico, South Korean rapper, producer, singer and songwriter
• 1993 – Takaharu Nishino, Japanese football player
• 1994 – Brahim Darri is a Dutch football player.
• 1994 – Foxy Di, American erotic model
• 1994 – Gary Harris is an American professional basketball player.
• 1994 – Hailey Anne Nelson, American actress
• 1994 – Daniel O'Shaughnessy, Finnish football player
• 1997 – Benjamin Ingrosso, Swedish singer-songwriter

Deaths 

• 23 – Julius Caesar Drusus, only son of Emperor Tiberius (by poisoning) (b. 13 BC)
• 258 – Siprianus of Carthage, – Bishop of Carthage – Father of the Church (b. 200)
• 407 – John Chrysostomos / John with the Golden Mouth, a Church Father (b. 349)
• 585 – Bidatsu, 30th emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 538)
• 775 – Constantine V, Byzantine Emperor (b. 718)
• 786 – Al Hadi, Abbasid Caliph (b. 764)
• 891 – Stephanus V, pope from 885 to 891
• 1146 – İmadeddin Zengi, Atabey of Mosul and Aleppo of the Great Seljuks and founder of the Zengi Dynasty (b. 1085)
• 1164 – Sutoku, 75th emperor of Japan in traditional succession (b. 1119)
• 1321 – Dante Alighieri, Italian poet and politician (b. 1265)
• 1487 – Mara Hatun, daughter of Serbian despot Đurađ Branković, Ottoman Sultan II. Murad's wife (b. 1416)
• 1523 – VI. Hadrian, Dutch Pope (b. 1429)
• 1712 – Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Italian mathematician and astronomer (b. 1625)
• 1821 – Heinrich Kuhl, German naturalist and zoologist (b. 1797)
• 1851 – James Fenimore Cooper, American author (b. 1789)
• 1852 – Arthur Wellesley, British soldier and statesman (b. 1769)
• 1901 – William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (b. 1843)
• 1916 – José Echegaray y Eizaguirre, Spanish writer and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1832)
• 1926 – Rudolf Christoph Eucken, German philosopher, author, and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1846)
• 1926 – John Louis Emil Dreyer, Danish-Irish astronomer (b. 1852)
• 1927 – Isadora Duncan, American dancer (b. 1877)
• 1927 – Hugo Ball, German writer and poet (b. 1886)
• 1936 – Irving Thalberg, American filmmaker (b. 1899)
• 1937 – Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, founder and first President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1850)
• 1959 – Wayne Morris, American actor (b. 1914)
• 1966 – Gertrude Berg, American actress, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1899)
• 1966 – Cemal Gürsel, Turkish soldier and 4th President of Turkey (b. 1895)
• 1979 – Nur Muhammed Terakki, Afghan politician of Pashtun descent (b. 1913)
• 1982 – Bashir Gemayel, President of Lebanon (bomb attack) (b. 1947)
• 1982 – Grace Kelly, American actress and Princess of Monaco (b. 1929)
• 1984 – Richard Brautigan, American author (b. 1935)
• 1984 – Janet Gaynor, American actress (b. 1906)
• 1991 – Julie Bovasso, American actress (b. 1930)
• 1998 – Mehmed Kemal Kurşunlu, Turkish journalist, writer and poet
• 1998 – Yang Shangkun, Chinese politician who served as the 1988th President of China from 1993-4 (b. 1907)
• 1999 – Charles Crichton, English film director (b. 1910)
• 2001 – Stelio Kazancidis, Greek singer (b. 1931)
• 2005 – Robert Wise, American film director and producer (b. 1914)
• 2009 – Patrick Swayze, American actor, dancer, and songwriter (b. 1952)
• 2010 – Mohammed Arkoun, Algerian modernist Islamic thinker of Berber descent (b. 1928)
• 2011 – Rudolf Mössbauer, German physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (b. 1929)
• 2012 – Winston Rekert, Canadian actor (b. 1949)
• 2014 – Angus Lennie, Scottish actor (b. 1930)
• 2015 – Corneliu Vadim Tudor, Romanian far-right politician, writer, journalist and poet (b. 1949)
• 2016 – Eduard Gusev, Russian racing cyclist (b. 1936)
• 2016 – Kim McGuire, American actress and stuntman (b. 1955)
• 2017 – Marcel Herriot, French bishop (b. 1934)
• 2017 – Djibo Leyti Kâ, Senegalese socialist politician, former minister (b. 1948)
• 2017 – Otto Wanz, Austrian former heavyweight boxer and professional wrestler (b. 1943)
• 2018 – Alan Abel, American comedian, producer, and writer (b. 1924)
• 2018 – Anneke Gronloh, Dutch singer (b. 1942)
• 2018 – Said Kengerani, Iranian actor (b. 1954)
• 2018 – Zienia Merton, English actress (b. 1945)
• 2018 – Sacit Seldüz, Turkish basketball player. volleyball player and trainer (b. 1924)
• 2019 – Jean Heywood, English actor (b. 1921)
• 2020 – Sei Ashina, Japanese actress (b. 1983)
• 2020 – Sadek Bachchu, Bangladeshi film actor (b. 1955)
• 2020 – Fer, Spanish comics artist and writer (b. 1949)

Holidays and special occasions 

• Engineers Day (Romania)