Today in History: Gazi Mustafa Kemal Opened the Sivas Congress

September 4 is the 247th (248th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 118.

Railways

• September 4, 1913 The construction privilege of the Samsun-Sivas line under construction was given to the French company Regie Generale. The agreement was ratified in 1914. When the company did not start construction due to the war, the Ottoman State ignored the privilege.
• September 4, 1942 A delegation from the Turkish State Railways visited the German Transport Minister Dorpmüller.

Events 

• 476 – The Western Roman Empire ends when Romulus Augustus, the last Ruler of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed by Odoacer, the Germanic chief who declared himself King of Italy.
• 1521 – Siege of İlyaki: As a result of the siege carried out by Kara Mahmut Reis, the island of İlyaki was conquered.
• 1781 - Los Angeles was founded by people settled in the area by the Spanish.
• 1870 – In France, III. Republic was proclaimed.
• 1885 - Self-service first introduced in New York.
• 1886 - After nearly 30 years of warfare, Apache leader Geronimo surrenders in Arizona.
• 1888 - George Eastman commercializes the Kodak name and patents his camera using roll film.
• 1919 – Gazi Mustafa Kemal opened the Sivas Congress.
• 1922 – Turkish War of Independence: Turkish Army recaptured Sarıgöl, Buldan and Bigadiç under Greek Occupation.
• 1932 – World Peace Conference convened in Vienna.
• 1935 – Istanbul telephone company started to be operated on behalf of the Government.
• 1936 – British Sovereign VIII. Edward visited Atatürk in Istanbul.
• 1939 – All foodstuffs are banned from export.
• 1941 – II. World War II: For the first time, a US ship is attacked by a German submarine. Name of the ship USS Greer'of.
• 1944 – II. World War II: The Allies capture Brussels and Antwerp.
• 1950 – The Beetle Bailey cartoon series, known as Hasbi Tembeler in Turkey, was broadcast for the first time as a comic strip.
• 1956 - The "IBM RAMAC 305" is introduced, the first commercial computer to use a magnetic disk as a storage device.
• 1957 – African-American civil rights movement: -Little Rock Crisis- Arkansas Governor summons the National Guard to prevent black students from enrolling in Central High.
• 1963 – A Swiss Airlines passenger plane crashes near Dürrenäsch, Switzerland; 80 people died.
• 1964 - The Indonesian Government banned the Beatles-style haircut.
• 1970 – Erdal İnönü became the Rector of the Middle East Technical University.
• 1970 – In Chile, socialist leader Salvador Allende is elected President.
• 1971 – Alaska Airlines Boeing 727 passenger plane crashes near Juneau, Alaska: 111 people are killed.
• 1972 – 1972 Summer Olympics: Mark Spitz takes his 7th gold medal in swimming, thus breaking the record as the first athlete to win 7 medals in a single Olympic Games.
• 1975 – Bulent Ecevit's election bus was stoned in Elazig; 50 injured, 57 detained.
• 1981 - The National Security Council approves a reduction in detention from 90 days to 45 days.
• 1988 – Floods in Bangladesh: 300 dead, 20 million homeless.
• 1989 – Turkey's first sports newspaper photosporestarted its publishing life.
• 1991 – People's Labor Party (HEP) agreed with the Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) and decided to cooperate in the elections.
• 1993 – Democracy Party (DEP) Deputy Mehmet Sincar was killed in Batman.
• 1996 – Oral Çelik, one of the suspects in the murder of Abdi İpekçi, was extradited to Turkey by Switzerland. Çelik was arrested on September 16 by the Court, after which he was brought out after 17 years.
• 1996 – Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) militants attack a military camp in Colombia's Guaviare region, killing at least 130 people in three weeks of clashes.
• 1997 – 7 people died and 192 people were injured in three big explosions in the center of the bazaar in Jerusalem. Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack.
• 1998 – Two PhD students at Google, Stanford; It was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin.
• 2008 – The Rights and Equality Party was founded under the leadership of retired Major General Osman Pamukoğlu.

Births 

• 973 – Biruni, Persian astronomer (d. 1051)
• 1383 – VIII. Amadeus, Duke of Savoy – known as Felice V (1439-1449) (d. 1451) as the last anti-pope
• 1563 – Wanli, 13th emperor of the Ming Dynasty (d. 1620)
• 1768 – François-Auguste-René Chateaubriand, French writer and diplomat (d. 1848)
• 1809 Juliusz Słowacki, Polish poet (d. 1849)
• 1824 – Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer (d. 1896)
• 1850 – Luigi Cadorna, Italian general and field marshal (d. 1928)
• 1869 – Karl Seitz, Austrian politician and statesman (d. 1950)
• 1888 – Oskar Schlemmer, German painter, sculptor, designer and Bauhaus school choreographer (d. 1943)
• 1891 – Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin, German soldier (d. 1963)
• 1891 – Fritz Todt, German engineer, general, and founder of the Todt Organization (d. 1942)
• 1896 – Antonin Artaud, French playwright, poet and theater actor (d. 1948)
• 1901 – Ahmet Kutsi Tecer, Turkish poet and playwright (d. 1967)
• 1906 – Max Delbrück, German biologist and Nobel Prize laureate in Medicine or Physiology (d. 1981)
• 1908 – Edward Dmytryk, American film director (d. 1999)
• 1908 – Richard Wright, African-American writer of short stories, novels, and essays, poet (d. 1960)
• 1913 Kenzo Tange, Japanese architect (d. 2005)
• 1913 – Stanford Moore, American biochemist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
• 1913 Kenzō Tange, Japanese architect (d. 2005)
• 1917 – Henry Ford II, businessman, son of Edsel Ford and grandson of Henry Ford (d. 1987)
• 1925 – Forrest Carter, American author (d. 1979)
• 1927 – John McCarthy, American computer scientist (d. 2011)
• 1928 – Dick York, American actor (d. 1992)
• 1934 – Clive Granger, Welsh economist (d. 2009)
• 1934 – Jan Švankmajer, Czech surrealist artist, animator, film director, director
• 1942 - Raymond Floyd, American golfer
• 1944 – Tony Atkinson, British academic and economist (d. 2017)
• 1945 – Kandemir Konduk, Turkish playwright and screenwriter
• 1946 – Gary Duncan, American rock guitarist and singer (d. 2019)
• 1949 – Tom Watson, American golfer
• 1950 – Aleksandar Berček, Serbian actor
• 1951 – Judith Ivey, American actress and theater director
• 1953 – Fatih Terim, Turkish sportsman
• 1956 - Blackie Lawless, American musician
• 1960 – Damon Wayans is an American comedian, actor, writer, and producer.
• 1962 – Shinya Yamanaka, Japanese doctor and researcher
• 1969 – Giorgi Margvelashvili, Georgian academic and politician
• 1969 – Sasha, Welsh-born DJ and producer
• 1974 – Oğuz Aksaç, Turkish folk music artist
• 1975 – Mark Ronson, English DJ, guitarist, singer and music producer
• 1977 – Lucie Silvas, singer-songwriter, composer, pianist
• 1979 – Yasemin from Ankara, Turkish singer
• 1980 – Max Greenfield, American actor
• 1981 - Beyoncé, American singer and actress
• 1981 - Lacey Mosley, American singer
• 1982 – Whitney Cummings, American stand-up comedian, actress, filmmaker, and podcaster
• 1984 – Camila Bordonaba, Argentine actress and model
• 1985 – Raúl Albiol, Spanish defender
• 1986 - Jaclyn Hales, American actress
• 1990 – Olha Harlan, Ukrainian fencer
• 1990 – Stefanía Fernández, Venezuelan model
• 1992 – Hanna Schwamborn, German actress
• 1993 – Yannick Carrasco, Belgian national football player
• 1996 – Mizuki Hayashi, Japanese football player

Deaths 

• 626 – Gaozu, founder and first emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China (b. 566)
• 1063 – Tugrul Bey, founder of the Great Seljuk State (b. 990)
• 1323 - Kegen Khan is the 5th Yuan Dynasty and Emperor of China. (b. 1302)
• 1342 – Anna, empress of the Empire of Trebizond from 17 July 1341 to 4 September 1342
• 1522 – Kara Mahmut Reis, Turkish sailor (b. ?)
• 1821 – José Miguel Carrera, South American national hero and Chilean politician (b. 1785)
• 1836 – Aaron Burr, 3rd vice president of the United States (b. 1756)
• 1907 – Edvard Grieg, Norwegian composer (b. 1843)
• 1944 – Erich Fellgiebel, German general (involved in the 20 July assassination attempt against Hitler) (executed) (b. 1886)
• 1951 – Louis Adamic, American journalist and author (b. 1899)
• 1963 – Robert Schuman, French politician (b. 1886)
• 1965 – Albert Schweitzer, French medical doctor, theologian, philosopher, musician, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate b. 1875)
• 1965 – Mahmut Moralı, Turkish theater and film actor (City Theater artist) (b. 1902)
• 1967 – Ali Mümtaz Arolat, Turkish poet (b. 1897)
• 1985 – Gabriel Allaf, spiritual leader of the Syriac Ancient Community
• 1985 – George O'Brien, American actor (b. 1899)
• 1989 – Georges Simenon, Belgian crime writer (b. 1903)
• 1990 – Irene Dunne, American actress (b. 1898)
• 1990 – Turan Dursun, Turkish writer and thinker (b. 1934)
• 1991 – Henri de Lubac, Catholic theologian (b. 1896)
• 1993 – Mehmet Sincar, Turkish politician (b. 1953)
• 1993 – Hervé Villechaize, French actor (b. 1943)
• 1997 – Aldo Rossi, Italian architect and designer (b. 1931)
• 2003 – Tibor Varga, Hungarian violinist (b. 1921)
• 2006 – Giacinto Facchetti, Italian football player (b. 1942)
• 2006 – Steve Irwin, Austrian documentarian (b. 1962)
• 2011 – Mino Martinazzoli, Italian politician (b. 1931)
• 2011 – Hakkı Ögelman, Turkish astronomer and professor (b. 1940)
• 2013 – Ferdinand Biwersi, Former German football referee (b. 1934)
• 2014 – Gustavo Cerati is a singer, songwriter, composer and rock producer (b. 1959)
• 2014 – Joan Rivers, American actress, comedian, writer, producer, and presenter (b. 1933)
• 2015 – Sylvie Joly, French actress and comedian (b. 1934)
• 2018 – Marijan Beneš is a Yugoslav-Bosnian boxer (b. 1951)
• 2018 – István Bethlen, Hungarian economist and politician (b. 1946)
• 2018 – Bill Daily, American actor (b. 1927)
• 2018 – Christopher Lawford, American writer, actor, producer, and political activist (b. 1955)
• 2019 – Abbas Abdulla, Azerbaijani poet (b. 1940)
• 2019 – Edgardo Andrada, former Argentine football player (b. 1939)
• 2019 – Roger Etchegaray, French cardinal (b. 1922)
• 2019 – Kylie Rae Harris, American country singer, musician, and songwriter (b. 1989)
• 2019 – Tevfik Kış, Turkish wrestler and trainer (b. 1934)
• 2019 – Dan Warner, American musician, record producer, and songwriter (b. 1970)
• 2020 – Lloyd Cadena, Filipino vlogger, radio personality and author (b. 1993)
• 2020 – Annie Cordy, Belgian actress and singer (b. 1928)
• 2020 – Dmitry Svetushkin, Moldovan chess player (b. 1980)
• 2020 – Joe Williams, politician and physician who served as Prime Minister of the Cook Islands for four months in 1999 (b. 1934)