Today in History: The First Weekly Humor Magazine in Turkey, Pen Started Publishing

September 3 is the 246th (247th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 119.

Railways

• 3 September 1928 Kütahya-Tavşanlı line is in operation. It was built by the Jülius Berger Consortium.
• 1933 – With the completion of the Kayseri-Ulukışla line, the railway connecting the Black Sea and the Mediterranean was completed.
• 1869 – “Horse-mounted tram” started to be operated by Konstantin Karopana in Istanbul.

Events 

• 1260 – The Mamluk Sultanate defeats the Ilkhanate at the Battle of Ayn Jalut in Palestine.
• 1638 – The Ottoman Army departed from Diyarbakır under the command of Grand Vizier Tayyar Mehmed Pasha for the Baghdad Campaign.
• 1683 – II. The Siege of Vienna ended in failure.
• 1783 - England recognized the independence of the USA with the treaty signed in Paris.
• 1855 – 700 US troops attack Sioux village in Nebraska; He killed 100 Indians.
• 1878 – On the River Thames, Bywell Castle colliding with a coal freighter named Princess alice the cruise ship sank; More than 640 people died.
• 1895 - The first professional football match was held. Latrobe defeated Jeanette 12-0.
• 1908 – The first weekly humor magazine in Turkey, Pen started to be published.
• 1912 – The world's first cannery was opened in England to provide food to the Navy.
• 1922 – Turkish War of Independence: The Turkish Army entered Greek-occupied Emet, Ödemiş, and Eşme.
• 1929 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average reaches its highest value (381,17).
• 1933 - Yevgeny Abalakov climbed the highest peak of the USSR: (7495 m).
• 1935 - In Utah, Malcolm Campbell reaches the highest speed attainable by a car: 301,337 miles per hour. (484,955 km/h).
• 1939 - Ankara Radio Newspaper'The first issue of .
• 1939 – II. World War II began: France, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia declared war on Germany.
• 1943 – II. Upon the Allied invasion during World War II, the Kingdom of Italy surrendered unconditionally.
• 1944 – On September 2, the British Army entered Belgium and recaptured the capital Brussels from the Germans.
• 1952 – Turkish mountaineers climbed the summit of Mount Ararat for the first time.
• 1962 – Earthquake in Iran: 12.225 people died and 2776 people were injured. In addition, 21.310 homes were damaged.
• 1971 - Qatar declared its independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1976 – Viking 2 landed on Mars.
• 1983 – Nail Çakırhan received the Aga Khan Architecture Award.
• 1986 – European countries stopped buying hazelnuts from Turkey on the grounds that they carry radiation.
• 1988 – Thousands of Iraqi Kurds fleeing the Iraqi Army continue to pile up on Turkey's borders. The number of refugees has exceeded 100 thousand.
• 1995 - eBay was founded.
• 1997 – Vietnam Airlines Tupolev Tu-134 passenger plane crashes while approaching Phnom Penh International Airport, killing 64 people.
• 2000 – The opposition candidate, former Prime Minister Rafik al-Hariri, won the election in Lebanon. The people of South Lebanon, who have lived under Israeli occupation for 22 years, went to the polls for the first time in 30 years.
• 2002 - Israel's Supreme Court rules that relatives of Palestinian terrorism suspects can be expelled from the West Bank and Gaza Strip if they are found to be threats to security.
• 2004 – The Beslan massacre resulted in more than 385 deaths and approximately 783 injuries, mostly teachers and students.
• 2005 – In order to support Abdullah Öcalan, who was imprisoned on İmralı Island, 1500 people from many provinces and districts of the Southeast took buses to Gemlik, Bursa. The police stated that the buses will be blocked from entering Gemlik.
• 2008 – The Turkish and Greek leaders of the Northern and Southern countries of Cyprus decided to start negotiations.
• 2016 – Turkish Armed Forces battleships entered Syria's Çobanbey district.

Births 

• 1034 – Go-Sanjō, 71st emperor of Japan in the traditional succession order (d. 1073)
• 1643 – Lorenzo Bellini, Italian physician and anatomist (d. 1704)
• 1695 – Pietro Locatelli, Italian composer (d. 1764)
• 1743 – Joseph Gottfried Mikan, Austrian-Czech botanist (d. 1814)
• 1779 – Pierre Amédée Jaubert, French diplomat, academic, orientalist, translator, politician, and traveler (d. 1847)
• 1781 – Eugène de Beauharnais, French statesman and military leader (d. 1824)
• 1814 – James Joseph Sylvester, English mathematician (d. 1897)
• 1850 – Friedrich Delitzsch, German Assyriologist (d. 1922)
• 1851 – Olga, wife of King George I of Greece and briefly queen in 1920 (d. 1926)
• 1856 – Louis Henry Sullivan, America's first great modern architect (d. 1924)
• 1858 Francis Leavenworth, American astronomer (d. 1928)
• 1859 – Jean Jaures, French socialist politician (d. 1914)
• 1861 – Elin Danielson-Gambogi, Finnish painter (d. 1919)
• 1863 Hans Aanrud, Norwegian writer (d. 1953)
• 1864 – Séraphine Louis, French painter (d. 1942)
• 1866 – JME McTaggart, English idealist thinker (d. 1925)
• 1869 – Fritz Pregl, Slovenian chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry (d. 1930)
• 1874 – Carl Størmer, Norwegian mathematician and astrophysicist (d. 1957)
• 1875 – Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian automotive engineer (d. 1951)
• 1889 – Isak Samokovlija, Bosnian Jewish writer (d. 1955)
• 1897 – Sally Benson, American screenwriter (d. 1972)
• 1899 – Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian virologist (d. 1985)
• 1900 – Urho Kekkonen, Finnish politician (d. 1986)
• 1905 – Carl David Anderson, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics (d. 1991)
• 1910 – Kitty Carlisle, American actress and musician (d. 2007)
• 1918 – Helen Wagner, American actress (d. 2010)
• 1921 – Harry Landers, American actor (d. 2017)
• 1923 – Mort Walker, American comics artist (d. 2018)
• 1925 – Anne Wallach, American actress (d. 2016)
• 1926 – Alison Lurie, American novelist and academic (d. 2020)
• 1926 – Irene Papas, Greek film and theater actress
• 1931 – Albert DeSalvo, American serial killer (d. 1973)
• 1932 – Eileen Brennan, American film and stage actress (d. 2013)
• 1934 – Freddie King, influential African-American blues guitarist and singer (d. 1976)
• 1936 – Zeynel Abidin Ben Ali, Tunisian politician (d. 2019)
• 1938 – Caryl Churchill, English playwright
• 1938 – Ryoji Noyori, Japanese chemist and Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry
• 1940 - Pauline Collins, English actress
• 1940 – Bülent Tanör, Turkish academic and writer (d. 2002)
• 1940 – Eduardo Galeano, Uruguayan journalist (d. 2015)
• 1941 – Sergei Dovlatov, Russian writer (d. 1990)
• 1943 - Valerie Perrine, American actress and model
• 1945 – Ferdi Akarnur, Turkish cinema and TV series actor
• 1947 – Kjell Magne Bondevik, Norwegian minister and politician
• 1947 – Mario Draghi, Italian banker, economist, and politician
• 1947 – Gérard Houllier, former French football player, manager (d. 2020)
• 1948 – Fotis Kouvelis, Greek lawyer and politician, and an independent member of Parliament
• 1948 – Levy Mwanawasa, politician who served as President of Zambia from 2002 to 2008 (d. 2008)
• 1949 – José Pekerman, Argentine football player and manager
• 1952 – Scheherazade, Turkish songwriter, composer and singer
• 1953 – Jean-Pierre Jeunet, French film director
• 1963 – Mubarak Ganim is a United Arab Emirates national football player.
• 1964 – Junayd Jamshid, Pakistani musician, singer and fashion designer (d. 2016)
• 1965 – Charlie Sheen, American actor
• 1965 – Nail Kırmızıgül, Turkish actress
• 1969 – Marianna Komlos, Canadian bodybuilder and professional wrestler (d. 2004)
• 1970 – Gareth Southgate, English footballer, manager and football commentator
• 1971 – Kiran Desai, Indian writer
• 1971 – Paolo Montero, Uruguayan international football player and manager
• 1974 - Clare Kramer, American actress
• 1975 – Redfoo, American singer, dancer, DJ and rapper
• 1977 - Olof Mellberg, Swedish football player
• 1978 – Terje Bakken, Norwegian musician (d. 2004)
• 1979 – Júlio César, Brazilian former goalkeeper
• 1979 – Başak Şengül, Turkish news anchor
• 1982 – Sarah Burke, Canadian national female skier (d. 2012)
• 1984 – David Fiegen, athlete from Luxembourg
• 1984 – Garrett Hedlund, American actor and singer
• 1984 – TJ Perkins, Filipino-American professional wrestler
• 1985 – Tatiana Kotova, Russian model and singer
• 1987 – İsmail Balaban, Turkish wrestler
• 1993 – Andrea Tovar, Colombian model
• 1993 – Dominic Thiem, Austrian tennis player
• 1995 – Niklas Süle, German football player
• 1996 - Joy, South Korean singer and actress
• 1997 – Sulayman Bojang, Gambian national football player
• 1997 – Christopher Udeh, Nigerian football player

Deaths 

• 863 – Omar bin Abdullah, half-free Emir of Malatya affiliated to the Abbasids
• 931 – Uda, according to the traditional succession of Japan (b. 867)
• 1634 – Edward Coke, English lawyer (b. 1552)
• 1658 – Oliver Cromwell, English soldier and politician (b. 1599)
• 1703 – Feyzullah Efendi, sheikh al-Islam of the Ottoman Empire, kazasker, professor, prince teacher, sultan advisor (b. 1639)
• 1729 – Jean Hardouin, French academic (b. 1646)
• 1730 – Nikolas Mavrokordatos, chief translator of the Ottoman State, voivode of Wallachia and Moldavia (b. 1670)
• 1849 – Ernst von Feuchtersleben, Austrian physician, poet, and philosopher (b. 1806)
• 1860 – Martin Rathke, German embryologist and anatomist (b. 1793)
• 1877 – Adolphe Thiers, French statesman, journalist, and historian (b. 1797)
• 1880 – Marie-Félicité Brosset, French orientalist (b. 1802)
• 1883 – Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev, Russian novelist and playwright (b. 1818)
• 1889 – Albert Popper, mayor of Winterberg (b. 1808)
• 1898 – III. Sofranios, 252nd patriarch of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (b. 1798)
• 1918 – Fanya Kaplan, assassin who tried to kill Lenin (b. 1890)
• 1942 – Séraphine Louis, French painter (b. 1864)
• 1948 – Edvard Beneš, Czechoslovak independence movement leader, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and second President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1884)
• 1962 – EE Cummings, American poet (b. 1894)
• 1967 – Francis Ouimet, American golfer (b. 1893)
• 1974 – Harry Partch, American composer, philosopher, and author (b. 1912)
• 1975 – Arthur Stratton, American biographer and travel writer, novelist, playwright, and OSS agent (b. 1911)
• 1975 – Ivan Mayski, Soviet diplomat, historian, and politician (b. 1884)
• 1987 – Morton Feldman, American composer (b. 1926)
• 1988 – Ferit Melen, Turkish politician (b. 1906)
• 1989 – Gaetano Scirea, Italian football player (b. 1953)
• 1991 – Frank Capra, American film director (b. 1897)
• 1994 – Billy Wright, English former defender (b. 1924)
• 1997 – Alev Sezer, Turkish theater and film actress (b. 1945)
• 2001 – Pauline Kael, American film critic (b. 1919)
• 2005 – William Rehnquist served a total of 33 years as Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court (b. 1924)
• 2007 – Jane Tomlinson, British athlete (b. 1964)
• 2011 – Sándor Képíró, II. He was a Hungarian gendarme captain during World War II and was found not guilty (b. 1914)
• 2012 – Griselda Blanco, a member of the Medellín Cartel and a Colombian drug trafficker (b. 1943)
• 2012 – Michael Clarke Duncan, American actor (b. 1957)
• 2012 – Mahmud el-Cevheri, Egyptian national football player and manager (b. 1938)
• 2012 – Sun Myung Moon, Moon cult founder, religious leader, businessman, and activist (b. 1920)
• 2013 – Don Meineke, American former professional basketball player (b. 1930)
• 2014 – Go Eun-bi South Korean singer and dancer (b. 1992)
• 2015 – Judy Carne, English actress (b. 1939)
• 2015 – Jean-Luc Préel, French politician (b. 1940)
• 2016 – Mir Kasım Ali, member of Jamaat-e-Islami, businessman (b. 1952)
• 2017 – Tom Amundsen, Norwegian rower (b. 1943)
• 2017 – John Ashbery, Pulitzer Prize-winning American poet and critic (b. 1927)
• 2017 – Walter Becker, American musician and record producer (b. 1950)
• 2017 – Dave Hlubek, American singer and musician (b. 1951)
• 2017 – Doğan Yurdakul, Turkish journalist and writer (b. 1946)
• 2018 – Lydia Clarke, American actress and photographer (b. 1923)
• 2018 – Jalaluddin Hakkani, Afghan Islamic war organization leader (b. 1939)
• 2018 – Paul Koech, Kenyan long-distance and marathon runner (b. 1969)
• 2018 – Jacqueline Pearce, English stage, film and television actress (b. 1943)
• 2018 – Katyna Ranieri, Italian singer and actress (b. 1925)
• 2019 – LaShawn Daniels, American musician, singer, record producer, and songwriter (b. 1977)
• 2019 – Carol Lynley, American actress and model (b. 1942)
• 2020 – Karel Knesl, Czechoslovak former international football player (b. 1942)
• 2020 – Jean-François Poron, French actor and director (b. 1936)
• 2020 – Bill Pursell, American composer and pianist (b. 1926)
• 2020 – Ahmed Al-Qadri, Syrian agricultural engineer and politician (b. 1956)
• 2020 – Gianni Serra, Italian film director and screenwriter (b. 1933)
• 2020 – Birol Ünel – German actor of Turkish origin (b. 1961)

Holidays and special occasions 

• Turkey Public Health Week (03-09 September)