Today in History: Adnan Menderes Executed

September 17 is the 260th (261th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left until the end of the year is 105.

Railways

• 17 September 1919 According to Milne, the withdrawal of battalions waiting for the railroads in Afyon and Konya will make Istanbul difficult to feed, will allow the French to put forward their claims to protect the railroad, and will cause the British influence to be shaken.

Events 

• 1176 – Myriakefalon War: The war between the Anatolian Seljuk State and the Byzantine Empire resulted in the victory of the Anatolian Seljuk State.
• 1787 - The U.S. Constitution was adopted.
• 1908 - Airman Orwill Wright and his flying friend Thomas E. Selfridge are in a plane crash. Selfridge, who died in the accident, became the first person to die in a plane crash.
• 1922 - Bandırma was liberated from occupation.
• 1934 – Turkey was accepted as a member of the Cemiyet-i Akvam (League of Nations).
• 1941 – Shah Reza Pahlavi is deposed in British and Soviet-occupied Iran, replaced by his son Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
• 1943 – Ankara University Faculty of Science was established.
• 1948 – Lehi (Israeli Freedom Fighters) organization kills United Nations Palestine Mediator Folke Bernadotte in Jerusalem.
• 1950 – The Korean contingent under the command of the UN moved towards Korea by ships from Iskenderun.
• 1960 – Prof. Dr. Tarık Zafer Tunaya became the President of the Revolution Hearths.
• 1961 - Adnan Menderes was executed. The National Unity Committee commuted the death sentences of Celal Bayar, who was over 65, and other convicts, to life imprisonment.
• 1967 – In the events that broke out during the Kayserispor-Sivasspor football match in Kayseri, 43 people were killed and many injured.
• 1978 – Camp David Agreement signed between Egypt and Israel.
• 1980 - Anastasio Somoza Debayle, the former dictator of Nicaragua, is assassinated.
• 1990 – The bodies of Adnan Menderes, Hasan Polatkan and Fatin Rüştü Zorlu were transferred to Istanbul and buried in the Mausoleum built in Topkapı with a state ceremony.
• 1993 – Sakarya University Foundation was established.
• 1996 - US President Bill Clinton sends 3500 troops to Kuwait. Bill Clinton warned Iraq to stop its aggressive behavior.
• 2002 – Foundation of Baku-Ceyhan Pipeline; He was expelled by President of Turkey Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev and President of Georgia Eduard Shevardnadze.
• 2004 – The simulation game The Sims 2 was launched.
• 2013 – The video game Grand Theft Auto V is released.
• 2014 – Mojang, the maker of Minecraft, was bought by Microsoft for $2.500.000.000.

Births 

• 1552 – Paul V, Pope (d. 1621)
• 1677 – Stephen Hales, English physiologist, chemist, and inventor (d. 1761)
• 1730 - Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Prussian officer and American general (d. 1794)
• 1743 – Marquis de Condorcet, French mathematician and philosopher (d. 1794)
• 1774 – Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian cleric, linguist, and hyperpolyglot (d. 1849)
• 1797 – Heinrich Kuhl, German naturalist and zoologist (d. 1821)
• 1826 – Bernhard Riemann, German mathematician (d. 1866)
• 1857 – Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russian scholar and explorer (d. 1935)
• 1869 – Christian Lange, Norwegian historian, teacher, and political scientist (d. 1938)
• 1883 – William Carlos Williams, American poet (d. 1963)
• 1886 – Feyhaman Duran, Turkish painter (d. 1970)
• 1905 Junius Richard Jayewardene, Sri Lankan politician (d. 1996)
• 1907 – Warren E. Burger was the 1969th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1986 to 15. (d. 1995)
• 1908 – Rafael Israelyan, Armenian architect and designer (d. 1973)
• 1914 – James Van Allen, American astronaut (d. 2006)
• 1914 – William Grut, Swedish modern pentathlete (d. 2012)
• 1915 – MF Husain, Indian painter (d. 2011)
• 1918 – Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (d. 1997)
• 1922 – Agostinho Neto, Angolan poet and President (d. 1979)
• 1925 – Haluk Afra, Turkish diplomat (d. 2001)
• 1928 – Roddy McDowall, English actor (d. 1998)
• 1929 – Stirling Moss, British Formula 1 racing driver (d. 2020)
• 1929 – Eliseo Prado, Argentine football player (d. 2016)
• 1930 – David Huddleston, American actor (d. 2016)
• 1931 – Anne Bancroft, American actress (d. 2005)
• 1931 – Jean-Claude Carrière, Academy Honorary French novelist, screenwriter, actor, and director (d. 2021)
• 1932 – Caliph bin Hamed es-Sani, Emir of Qatar, who reigned from 1972-1995 (d. 2016)
• 1934 – Maureen Connolly, American former tennis player (d. 1969)
• 1935 Ken Kesey, American author (d. 2001)
• 1936 – Gerald Guralnik, American physicist (d. 2014)
• 1938 – Perry Robinson, American jazz clarinetist and composer (d. 2018)
• 1939 – David Souter, retired lawyer who served as a U.S. Supreme Court Justice from 1990 to 2009
• 1940 - Jan Eliasson, a Swedish diplomat
• 1940 – Lorella De Luca, Italian film and television actress (d. 2014)
• 1942 – Robert Graysmith, an American true crime writer
• 1942 – Lupe Ontiveros, Mexican-born American actress (d. 2012)
• 1944 – Reinhold Messner, Italian mountaineer, adventurer, explorer
• 1945 - Phil Jackson, former American basketball player
• 1945 – Bhakti Charu Swami, spiritual leader of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) (d. 2020)
• 1947 – Tessa Jowell, British Labor Party politician (d. 2018)
• 1948 – Kemal Monteno, Bosnian singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
• 1948 – John Ritter, American actor (d. 2003)
• 1950 – Narendra Modi, Indian politician and 15th Prime Minister of India
• 1953 – Luís Amado, Portuguese socialist politician
• 1955 – Scott Simpson, American golfer
• 1956 – Almazbek Atambayev, President of Kyrgyzstan
• 1958 – Janez Janša, Slovenian politician
• 1960 - Damon Hill, British Formula 1 former racing driver
• 1962 – Hisham Qandil, Egyptian politician
• 1962 – Baz Luhrmann, Australian film director, screenwriter and producer
• 1962 – Alma Prica, Croatian actress
• 1965 - Kyle Chandler is an American actor.
• 1965 – Bryan Singer, American film director
• 1967 – Kaan Girgin, Turkish theater, cinema and TV series actor
• 1968 - Anastacia, American singer and musician
• 1968 – Tito Vilanova, Spanish football player and manager (d. 2014)
• 1969 – Baha, Turkish singer
• 1969 – Ken Doherty, Irish professional snooker player
• 1969 - Keith Flint, English musician
• 1970 – Goncagül Sunar, Turkish theater, cinema, TV series actress and musician
• 1973 – Alberto Chaíça, Portuguese athlete
• 1974 – Yonca Lodi, Turkish pop music artist
• 1974 - Rasheed Wallace, American basketball player
• 1975 – Jimmie Johnson, an American stock car racer
• 1975 – Tayna Lawrence, Jamaican athlete
• 1975 – Pumpkinhead, American rapper and hip hop musician
• 1977 – Sam Esmail, American writer, director, and producer
• 1977 – Elena Godina, Russian volleyball player
• 1977 – Simona Gioli, Italian volleyball player
• 1977 – Simone Perrotta, Italian football player
• 1978 – Nick Cordero, Canadian actor (d. 2020)
• 1979 - Flo Rida, American rapper, vocalist, and songwriter
• 1981 – Bakari Kone is a former Ivory Coast international football player.
• 1981 – Onurr, Turkish singer
• 1982 – Barış Yıldız, Turkish actor
• 1985 – Tomáš Berdych, Czech tennis player
• 1986 - Paolo De Ceglie, Italian football player
• 1986 – Dimitrios Régas, Greek athlete
• 1986 – Maximiliano Núñez, Argentine football player
• 1989 – Harun Kuvel, Senior Consultant for Business Analytics
• 1990 – Sefa Topsakal, Turkish singer
• 1993 – Sofiane Boufal, Moroccan international football player
• 1994 – Javier Eduardo Lopez, Mexican football player
• 1995 - Patrick Mahomes, American football player
• 1996 - Ella Purnell, English actress

Deaths 

• 1179 – Hildegard of Bingen, Benedictine German nun, writer, composer, inventor of the alphabet, philosopher, hezarfen (b. 1098)
• 1621 – Roberto Bellarmino, Italian theologian, Cardinal, Jesuit priest and advocate (Apolojet) (b. 1542)
• 1665 – IV. Felipe, King of Spain (b. 1605)
• 1674 – Hyeonjong, 18th king of the Joseon Kingdom (b. 1641)
• 1676 – Sabbatai Zevi, Ottoman Jewish clergyman and cult leader (b. 1626)
• 1679 - Juan José, IV. illegitimate son of Felipe and actress Maria Calderon (b.
• 1836 – Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist (b. 1748)
• 1863 – Charles Robert Cockerell, English architect, archaeologist, and author (b. 1788)
• 1863 – Alfred de Vigny, French writer and poet (b. 1797)
• 1877 – Henry Fox Talbot, English inventor (pioneer of photography) (b. 1800)
• 1878 – Orelie-Antoine de Tounens, French lawyer and adventurer who identifies as King Orelie-Antoine I (b. 1825)
• 1879 – Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, French architect and theorist (b. 1814)
• 1888 – Johann Nepomuk Hiedler, paternal grandfather of Adolf Hitler (b. 1807)
• 1923 – Stefanos Dragumis, Greek politician, judge, and writer (b. 1842)
• 1936 – Henry Louis Le Chatelier, French chemist (b. 1850)
• 1937 – Memed Abashidze, Georgian political leader, writer and philanthropist (b. 1873)
• 1948 – Folke Bernadotte, Swedish soldier, human rights activist, and diplomat (b. 1895)
• 1948 – Emil Ludwig, German writer (b. 1881)
• 1961 – Adnan Menderes, Turkish politician (b. 1899)
• 1965 – Alejandro Casona, Spanish poet and playwright (b. 1903)
• 1972 – Akim Tamiroff, Russian-American actor (b. 1899)
• 1975 – Ghost Oğuz, Turkish writer (b. 1929)
• 1980 – Anastasio Somoza Debayle, President of Nicaragua (b. 1925)
• 1982 – Manos Loïzos, Egyptian-born Greek composer (b. 1937)
• 1984 – Richard Basehart, American actor (b. 1914)
• 1991 – Frank H. Netter, American painter and medical doctor (b. 1906)
• 1992 – Roger Wagner, French-American choral musician, administrator, and educator (b. 1914)
• 1994 – Karl Popper, English philosopher (b. 1902)
• 1996 – Spiro Agnew, American politician and 39th Vice President of the United States (Richard Nixon's deputy) (b. 1918)
• 1997 – Red Skelton, American actor and comedian (b. 1913)
• 2003 – Erich Hallhuber, German actor (b. 1951)
• 2005 – Pekcan Koşar, Turkish theater and cinema artist (b. 1936)
• 2015 – Valeria Cappellotto, Italian racing cyclist (b. 1970)
• 2015 – Dettmar Cramer, German former football player and manager (b. 1925)
• 2015 – Nelo Risi, Italian poet, director, translator and screenwriter (b. 1920)
• 2016 – Charmian Carr, American actress and singer (b. 1942)
• 2016 – C. Martin Croker, American voice actor and cartoon creator (b. 1962)
• 2016 – Behmen Gulbarnejad, Iranian paralympic cyclist (b. 1968)
• 2016 – Roman Ivanychuk, Ukrainian writer and politician (b. 1929)
• 2017 – Bonnie Angelo, American journalist and author (b. 1924)
• 2017 – Suzan Farmer is an English film and TV actress (b. 1942)
• 2017 – Bobby Heenan, retired American professional wrestling manager and commentator (b. 1943)
• 2017 – Lucy Ozarin, American psychiatrist (b. 1914)
• 2018 – Celia Barquín, Spanish female golfer (b. 1996)
• 2018 – Enzo Calzaghe, English boxing trainer and musician (b. 1949)
• 2019 – Jessica Jaymes, American porn star (b. 1979)
• 2019 – Cokie Roberts, American journalist, political commentator, presenter, and author (b. 1943)
• 2020 – Ricardo Ciciliano, Colombian football player (b. 1976)
• 2020 – Ashok Gasti, Indian politician and lawyer (b. 1965)
• 2020 – Terry Goodkind, American author (b. 1948)
• 2020 – Liladhar Vaghela, Indian politician (b. 1935)